Lesson 3

Lesson 3Lesson 3

Using Power ToolsUsing Power Tools

Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed!Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed!

CCSS.ELALiteracy.RST.9‐10.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support CCSS.ELALiteracy.RST.9‐10.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to the precise details analysis of science and technical texts, attending to the precise details of explanations or descriptionsof explanations or descriptions

CCSS.ELALiteracy. RST.9‐10.4 CCSS.ELALiteracy. RST.9‐10.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain‐specific words and phrases as they are key terms, and other domain‐specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 9–used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 9–10 texts and topics.10 texts and topics.

CCSS.ELALiteracy. CCSS.ELALiteracy. RST.11‐1Follow precisely a complex multistep RST.11‐1Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text2.3 explanations in the text2.3

Bell Work!Bell Work!

Explain and compare the power Explain and compare the power sources used for power tools.sources used for power tools.

Discuss power tool safety.Discuss power tool safety.

Explain how to operate portable Explain how to operate portable power tools.power tools.

Discuss the operation of stationary Discuss the operation of stationary woodworking power tools.woodworking power tools.

Terminology (1)Terminology (1)

Band sawBand saw

Belt sanderBelt sander

Chain sawChain saw

Drill chuckDrill chuck

Drill pressDrill press

Finishing sanderFinishing sander

Ground fault interrupter Ground fault interrupter (GFI)(GFI)

GroundingGrounding

Hammer drillHammer drill

Hydraulic toolHydraulic tool

JointerJointer

Miter gaugeMiter gauge

Motorized miter sawMotorized miter saw

PlanerPlaner

Pneumatic toolPneumatic tool

Portable circular sawPortable circular saw

Portable disc Portable disc grinder/sander/buffergrinder/sander/buffer

Portable drillsPortable drills

Portable power toolsPortable power tools

Power nail gunsPower nail guns

Terminology (2)Terminology (2)

Power staplersPower staplers

Power toolPower tool

Push stickPush stick

Radial arm sawRadial arm saw

Reciprocating sawReciprocating saw

Rip fenceRip fence

RouterRouter

Sabre sawSabre saw

Scroll sawScroll saw

Stationary power Stationary power toolstools

Table sawTable saw

Student Interest ApproachStudent Interest Approach

Tour the shop showing the students the portable Tour the shop showing the students the portable and stationary power tools available for their use. and stationary power tools available for their use.

Ask students which tools they have used. Ask students which tools they have used.

Talk about the importance of knowing how to use Talk about the importance of knowing how to use the various tools. the various tools.

Touring a hardware store or a tool rental business Touring a hardware store or a tool rental business would be helpful in seeing power tools. would be helpful in seeing power tools.

Use the internet to compare tools from major tool Use the internet to compare tools from major tool companies. companies.

Some of the major companies are Milwaukee, Some of the major companies are Milwaukee, Delta, Black& Decker, Dewalt, and Makita.Delta, Black& Decker, Dewalt, and Makita.

Sources of PowerSources of Power

Power for power tools is from four Power for power tools is from four primary sources: primary sources: –ElectricityElectricity

–Fuel enginesFuel engines

–PneumaticsPneumatics

–Hydraulics.Hydraulics.

Electric PoweredElectric Powered

Plug-in power tools are the most Plug-in power tools are the most commonly used power tools. commonly used power tools.

Popular Tools:Popular Tools:–Saws,Saws,

–Drills, andDrills, and

–SandersSanders

Electric PoweredElectric Powered

Portable battery powered drills have Portable battery powered drills have become very popular. become very popular. –Charger is plugged in to recharge the Charger is plugged in to recharge the

battery.battery.

Pneumatic ToolsPneumatic Tools

Uses compressed air as power for Uses compressed air as power for operationoperation

Pneumatic powered nailer’s and Pneumatic powered nailer’s and staplers are commonly used in staplers are commonly used in construction.construction.

Hydraulic ToolsHydraulic Tools

Uses a compressed liquid to Uses a compressed liquid to provide the power for tool operationprovide the power for tool operation–Usually oilUsually oil

Jacks, loaders, lifts, and presses Jacks, loaders, lifts, and presses are often hydraulically poweredare often hydraulically powered

Power Tool Power Sources Power Tool Power Sources ReviewedReviewed

Power Tool SafetyPower Tool Safety

Big difference between hand tools Big difference between hand tools and power tools:and power tools:– Power tools are more dangerous.Power tools are more dangerous.

Accidents with power tools are often Accidents with power tools are often more serious more serious

Improper use can result in losing an Improper use can result in losing an eye, finger, hand, or even your lifeeye, finger, hand, or even your life

Operator’s ManualOperator’s Manual

Never operate a power tool without Never operate a power tool without reading the operator’s manual.reading the operator’s manual.– Written description of how to safely use Written description of how to safely use

and maintain a power tooland maintain a power tool

– Usually accompanies a new power tool. Usually accompanies a new power tool.

– Gives proper assembly, installation, Gives proper assembly, installation, service procedures, parts lists, and service procedures, parts lists, and operating instructions Check out a new operating instructions Check out a new tool beforetool before

Operator’s ManualOperator’s Manual

Check out a new tool before Check out a new tool before operating it with special attention operating it with special attention given to condition of any shields or given to condition of any shields or guards.guards.

GroundingGrounding

Prevents electrical shock.Prevents electrical shock.

Electric-powered tools should be Electric-powered tools should be properly grounded so that if a short properly grounded so that if a short develops the operator will not be develops the operator will not be shocked or electrocuted.shocked or electrocuted.

Grounded tools may be identified by Grounded tools may be identified by the three-prong plug. the three-prong plug.

Operator Responsibilities Operator Responsibilities

Responsible for selecting and using Responsible for selecting and using personal safety protection devices personal safety protection devices appropriate for the tools that are appropriate for the tools that are being used being used – Eye glasses, goggles, or a face shield are a must. Eye glasses, goggles, or a face shield are a must. – Loud tools: ear muffs or ear plugs are important. Loud tools: ear muffs or ear plugs are important. – Leather shoes with steel toes are recommended in many Leather shoes with steel toes are recommended in many

situations. situations. – Some situations call for long sleeves, gloves, masks, or Some situations call for long sleeves, gloves, masks, or

respirators.respirators.

Tool CareTool Care

Keep in good condition. Keep in good condition.

Always check the condition of the tool Always check the condition of the tool before using it.before using it.

Guards, shields, cords, and hoses Guards, shields, cords, and hoses should be carefully inspected. should be carefully inspected.

Be sure blades and bits are sharp. Be sure blades and bits are sharp.

Sharp tools will require less pressure to Sharp tools will require less pressure to make the tool function resulting in a make the tool function resulting in a safer situation.safer situation.

Safety in Using Power ToolsSafety in Using Power Tools

Portable vs. Stationary Power ToolsPortable vs. Stationary Power Tools

Portable power tools: Can easily be Portable power tools: Can easily be moved from job to job. moved from job to job. – They save labor and are relatively They save labor and are relatively

inexpensive to buy. inexpensive to buy.

– Lighter and designed with handles to make Lighter and designed with handles to make them easy to use. them easy to use.

– Tools with electric cords or air hoses are Tools with electric cords or air hoses are limited to areas were electricity is present. limited to areas were electricity is present.

– A cordless power tool is a tool powered by A cordless power tool is a tool powered by electric energy stored in a battery. electric energy stored in a battery.


Battery operated power tools:Battery operated power tools:– Make it possible to complete work quickly Make it possible to complete work quickly

and efficiently. and efficiently.

– Purchase a second battery so that one can Purchase a second battery so that one can be charging while the other one is being be charging while the other one is being used. used.

– Portable power tools commonly used in Portable power tools commonly used in carpentry are sanders, drills, saws, and carpentry are sanders, drills, saws, and routers. routers.


Stationary power tools: Too large Stationary power tools: Too large and bulky to move about so jobs are and bulky to move about so jobs are brought to the tool. brought to the tool.

Both are designed to do the same Both are designed to do the same work. work.

Portable disc grinder/sander/buffer Portable disc grinder/sander/buffer

Rotating disc that is used for work Rotating disc that is used for work where the material to be ground, where the material to be ground, sanded, or buffed is too large or sanded, or buffed is too large or heavy to move to a stationary toolheavy to move to a stationary tool

– Secure the work, hold tightly to the tool, Secure the work, hold tightly to the tool, wear eye protection, and dust mask.wear eye protection, and dust mask.

Portable Belt SanderPortable Belt Sander

Uses a rotating sanding belt to rapidly smooth Uses a rotating sanding belt to rapidly smooth wood.wood.– sanders are usually used for rough sanding but sanders are usually used for rough sanding but

the belts vary in coarseness. the belts vary in coarseness. – Most belt sanders are equipped with a dust bag. Most belt sanders are equipped with a dust bag.

When putting on a new belt be sure to watch the When putting on a new belt be sure to watch the arrow on the belt so that the belt is installed arrow on the belt so that the belt is installed correctly.correctly.

Portable Belt Sander Portable Belt Sander

Hold with both hands and turn on Hold with both hands and turn on the switch before the sander the switch before the sander touches but when it is very near the touches but when it is very near the surface to be sanded surface to be sanded – Sand with the grain Sand with the grain gently moving the gently moving the

sander in a straight but slightly sideways sander in a straight but slightly sideways back-and-forth motion. back-and-forth motion.

Finishing SanderFinishing SanderUsed for final sandingUsed for final sanding

Moves in a forward and backward motion or in an Moves in a forward and backward motion or in an orbital or circular motion at a high rate of speedorbital or circular motion at a high rate of speed

Move the finish sander back-and-forth with the grain Move the finish sander back-and-forth with the grain of the wood until the desired smoothness is of the wood until the desired smoothness is achievedachieved– Several fineness grades of sandpaper are Several fineness grades of sandpaper are

available.available.

Portable DrillsPortable Drills

Usually variable speed, reversible, Usually variable speed, reversible, and sized by the maximum size and sized by the maximum size hole they can drill (ex. ¼ inch, 3 /8 hole they can drill (ex. ¼ inch, 3 /8 inch, or ½ inch)inch, or ½ inch)


Procedures:Procedures:–When drilling metal, first mark the When drilling metal, first mark the

location to be drilled with a center location to be drilled with a center punchpunch

–Be sure to secure the work with a Be sure to secure the work with a clamp or in a vise prior to drillingclamp or in a vise prior to drilling

–Exert pressure to help get the twist Exert pressure to help get the twist drill to go into the material. drill to go into the material.


Relieve the pressure as the point of Relieve the pressure as the point of the bit begins to go through the the bit begins to go through the material. material.

Drill chuck: The three-jaw part that Drill chuck: The three-jaw part that holds the bit. holds the bit. –Older drills have a chuck key to Older drills have a chuck key to

tighten the bit while the newer drills tighten the bit while the newer drills are usually keyless, self-tightening. are usually keyless, self-tightening.


Hammer drill: Drill that not only Hammer drill: Drill that not only turns the bit but also provides a turns the bit but also provides a rapid striking action on the bit to rapid striking action on the bit to speed up drilling in masonry speed up drilling in masonry materials.materials.

Portable SawsPortable Saws

IncludesIncludes–Sabre saw, Sabre saw,

–Reciprocating saw, Reciprocating saw,

–Circular saw, andCircular saw, and

–Chain saw.Chain saw.

Sabre SawSabre SawHas a narrow blade located Has a narrow blade located underneath the base that moves up underneath the base that moves up and down to cut circles, curves, and down to cut circles, curves, and holes and holes –Most cuts begin at the edge of the Most cuts begin at the edge of the

material to be cut.material to be cut.

Sabre Saw – a.k.a jigsaw or bayonetSabre Saw – a.k.a jigsaw or bayonet

Procedures Procedures – In cutting a hole in the middle of a piece of In cutting a hole in the middle of a piece of

material, first drill a hole so that the blade can be material, first drill a hole so that the blade can be inserted. inserted.

Be sure the material to be cut is firmly held in position.Be sure the material to be cut is firmly held in position.

– Move the saw slowly and carefully to achieve Move the saw slowly and carefully to achieve quality cuts. quality cuts.

– Use slower speeds for metal and faster speeds Use slower speeds for metal and faster speeds for wood. for wood.

Reciprocating SawReciprocating Saw

Also known as a saws-all or tiger Also known as a saws-all or tiger sawsaw

Has the blade at the end, much like Has the blade at the end, much like the chuck of a drill.the chuck of a drill.

Material to be cut should be Material to be cut should be carefully held in position.carefully held in position.

Portable Circular SawPortable Circular Saw

Lightweight, motor-driven, round-Lightweight, motor-driven, round-bladed saw used where stationary bladed saw used where stationary saws are impracticalsaws are impractical

Most popular saw used in Most popular saw used in woodworking. woodworking.

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Portable Circular SawPortable Circular Saw

Used for crosscutting, ripping, and Used for crosscutting, ripping, and bevelingbeveling

Because of its high speed and the Because of its high speed and the tendency to kick back, the portable tendency to kick back, the portable circular saw can be a dangerous circular saw can be a dangerous tool. tool.

Chain SawChain Saw

Gas or electric powered saw used Gas or electric powered saw used in cutting and pruning trees and in cutting and pruning trees and cutting large pieces of lumber where cutting large pieces of lumber where precision is not importantprecision is not important

Cutting is by an endless chain that Cutting is by an endless chain that has teeth attached to links of the has teeth attached to links of the chain.chain.

RouterRouter

Power tool with a smooth base that Power tool with a smooth base that is moved across the material by the is moved across the material by the operator as the protruding bit turns operator as the protruding bit turns at a high rate of speed to create at a high rate of speed to create grooves and ornamental shapes on grooves and ornamental shapes on the face or edge of woodthe face or edge of woodGroove or cut is determined by bit’sGroove or cut is determined by bit’s– Type, shape, and size. Type, shape, and size.

RoutersRouters

Dangerous Bits (Do NOT Use): Dangerous Bits (Do NOT Use): – dull, rusted, or covered with gum from the dull, rusted, or covered with gum from the

wood wood

Clean, sharp bits will provide clean Clean, sharp bits will provide clean even cuts if the router is held firmly to even cuts if the router is held firmly to the wood. the wood. –Guides and jigs can be used to help do Guides and jigs can be used to help do

straight lines, circular, or contour routing.straight lines, circular, or contour routing.

Power Nail Guns and StaplersPower Nail Guns and Staplers

Nail Guns: Are either pneumatic or use a battery Nail Guns: Are either pneumatic or use a battery generated spark to ignite a charge of gas to drive generated spark to ignite a charge of gas to drive nails. nails.

Staplers: Like the nailers only they shoot staples. Staplers: Like the nailers only they shoot staples.

– Both have a safety mechanism that wBoth have a safety mechanism that w ill prevent ill prevent firing nails or staples unless the gun is in firing nails or staples unless the gun is in contact with the work to be joined.contact with the work to be joined.

– Combination guns are available.Combination guns are available.

Operating Stationary Power ToolsOperating Stationary Power Tools

Stationary power tools: Large Stationary power tools: Large machines that have a permanent machines that have a permanent location in the shoplocation in the shop– Plan the location of each machine to allow Plan the location of each machine to allow

sufficient room to work sufficient room to work – Keep guards and shields in place. Keep guards and shields in place. – Keep blades, knives, and bits sharp Keep blades, knives, and bits sharp – Follow manufacturer’s recommendations for the Follow manufacturer’s recommendations for the

installation, use, adjustment, and repair of each installation, use, adjustment, and repair of each machinemachine

Operating Stationary Power ToolsOperating Stationary Power Tools

Use a safety tape to mark the safety Use a safety tape to mark the safety zone around each machine where zone around each machine where only the operator is allowed to standonly the operator is allowed to stand

Wear safety glasses and be sure to Wear safety glasses and be sure to shut off the machine before leaving shut off the machine before leaving the safety zone.the safety zone.

Drill PressDrill Press

Stationary drill designed for Stationary drill designed for accurate and heavy drilling jobsaccurate and heavy drilling jobs

Gives an operator an easy control Gives an operator an easy control mechanism for feeding the drill bit mechanism for feeding the drill bit into the workinto the work

Be sure to clamp the work to be Be sure to clamp the work to be drilled securely to prevent drilled securely to prevent accidents. accidents.

Drill PressDrill PressIf too much pressure is applied, the bit will If too much pressure is applied, the bit will overheat or break.overheat or break.

Be sure to wear safety glasses and use a Be sure to wear safety glasses and use a sharp bit.sharp bit.

Pedestal and table top models are available. Pedestal and table top models are available.

Table SawTable Saw

Table saw:Platform or table with a circular blade Table saw:Platform or table with a circular blade where the wood to be sawed is pushed into the where the wood to be sawed is pushed into the bladeblade

Adjust the blade depth so it protrudes ¼ inch Adjust the blade depth so it protrudes ¼ inch through the material to be cutthrough the material to be cut– Either the table or the blade may be tilted to cut Either the table or the blade may be tilted to cut

anglesangles

Miter GaugeMiter Gauge

Miter gauge: Guide used to line up the wood Miter gauge: Guide used to line up the wood to be pushed into the blade. to be pushed into the blade.

Can be set to make square or angle cuts. Can be set to make square or angle cuts.

– When cutting long boards they need to be When cutting long boards they need to be supported to avoid kickbacks or pinching supported to avoid kickbacks or pinching of the blade with the woodof the blade with the wood. .

Rip FenceRip Fence

Rip fence: Adjusted to a desired Rip fence: Adjusted to a desired width to guide the wood being width to guide the wood being pushed through for rippingpushed through for ripping

Push StickPush Stick

Push stick: 12 inch long piece of wood with a Push stick: 12 inch long piece of wood with a notch in the end used instead of the fingers notch in the end used instead of the fingers to push the wood when it gets close to the to push the wood when it gets close to the blade. blade.

– Whenever the table saw is used the guard Whenever the table saw is used the guard should be in place and the kickback fingers should be in place and the kickback fingers set to touch the wood.set to touch the wood.

Radial Arm SawRadial Arm Saw

While the wood is held against the fence, the While the wood is held against the fence, the blade is pulled into the wood to be cutblade is pulled into the wood to be cut

Has the motor and blade suspended on an Has the motor and blade suspended on an arm over the table of the sawarm over the table of the saw

Blade/motor unit can be pivoted to cut angles Blade/motor unit can be pivoted to cut angles or to rip boardsor to rip boards

Motorized Miter SawMotorized Miter SawAlso called cutoff saw and chop sawAlso called cutoff saw and chop saw

Has a circular blade that is lowered into the Has a circular blade that is lowered into the material that is being cutmaterial that is being cut– Because of its spring-loaded mechanisms once Because of its spring-loaded mechanisms once

the cut is made the blade unit returns to the up the cut is made the blade unit returns to the up positionposition

– Capable of cutting 45 to 90 degree anglesCapable of cutting 45 to 90 degree angles

Motorized Miter SawMotorized Miter Saw

Fine-toothed blade: Used to cut the Fine-toothed blade: Used to cut the angles for molding.angles for molding.

Carbide tip blade: Chop saw used Carbide tip blade: Chop saw used to cut 2× 4’s when framing a houseto cut 2× 4’s when framing a house

Band Saw Band Saw

Band Saw: Uses a long continuous blade Band Saw: Uses a long continuous blade that moves between guides, pulleys, and that moves between guides, pulleys, and wheels. wheels.

Electric motor turns the drive wheel using Electric motor turns the drive wheel using belts and pulleys. belts and pulleys.

Blade has teeth on one edge that can quickly Blade has teeth on one edge that can quickly cut materialcut material

(.)

Band SawBand SawUsed to make curved and straight cuts in wood, Used to make curved and straight cuts in wood, normally not in metal. Material to be cut is normally not in metal. Material to be cut is placed on the platform and pushed into the placed on the platform and pushed into the bladeblade

Care should be taken not to push the material Care should be taken not to push the material into the blade too rapidly into the blade too rapidly

May be equipped with a tilting table, a miter May be equipped with a tilting table, a miter gauge, and a rip fencegauge, and a rip fence

The blade is moved into the metal when cutting The blade is moved into the metal when cutting with a band saw.with a band saw.

Scroll Saw Scroll Saw

Scroll Saw: Table mount saw similar Scroll Saw: Table mount saw similar to the band saw only smaller with a to the band saw only smaller with a blade that moves up and down blade that moves up and down instead of in a circleinstead of in a circle

Used mostly for cutting thin material Used mostly for cutting thin material to make craft projects.to make craft projects.

PlanersPlanersHas sharp knives in a wheel that Has sharp knives in a wheel that turns to shave or dress the sides of turns to shave or dress the sides of boards to a uniform thickness.boards to a uniform thickness.

Excellent tool to level and smooth Excellent tool to level and smooth wide pieces made by gluing boards wide pieces made by gluing boards together together

PlanersPlaners

Once a board is started in the machine, Once a board is started in the machine, the machine is self-feeding the machine is self-feeding

Be sure to carefully examine any board Be sure to carefully examine any board to be planed for freedom of nails and to be planed for freedom of nails and screwsscrews

The depth of cut is the only adjustment The depth of cut is the only adjustment on a planer. Trying to remove too much on a planer. Trying to remove too much wood can lead to problems.wood can lead to problems.

JointerJointer

Uses sharp knives fastened to a Uses sharp knives fastened to a cylinder turning at a high rate of cylinder turning at a high rate of speed to straighten and smooth speed to straighten and smooth edges of boards and to cut bevelsedges of boards and to cut bevels

JointerJointer

Potentially a very dangerous toolPotentially a very dangerous tool–Knives can inflict severe cuts and Knives can inflict severe cuts and

lumber may be thrown if not handled lumber may be thrown if not handled properlyproperly

–Knives need to be installed so their Knives need to be installed so their cutting edges extend to the same cutting edges extend to the same height and leave the board smooth height and leave the board smooth and even as the cutter head rotates. and even as the cutter head rotates.

The End!The End!

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Lesson 3