Tag questionsTag questionsTag questions are short questions that we often put at the end of asentence. There is always a comma before a tag question and a questionmark after it. We usually use a present form of the verbs to do, to have orto be for the present simple.The verb in the tag question depends on theverb in the main part of the sentence.Look at these examples:Mother doesn’t know where the museum is, does she?That uniform isn’t from World War II, is it?Cindy hasn’t received an invitation to the play, has she?

Question tags can also be used for the past tense.She didn’t have a ticket, did she?Nina wasn’t at the theater, was she?The usher was a man, wasn’t he?Paul’s friends were at the cinema, weren’t they?

Question tags can also be used for future tense.Paul will go to the museum with us, won’t he?Yvonne isn’t going to wear that to the theater, is she?There won’t be two films at the cinema, will there?Ted will receive an invitation to the opening, won’t he?

For the future tense, will and won’t are used in question tags. Is, isn’t, are and aren’t can be usedwhen the present simple is used to describe a future action.

We usually use a negative question tag after a positive sentence.She will sit in the balcony, won’t she?Andy has a theater program, doesn’t he?

We usually use a positive question tag after a negative sentence.She won’t sit in the balcony, will she?Andy doesn’t have a theater guide, does he?

Notice the meaning of yes and no in answers to a negative question.You aren’t going to that film, are you?

Yes. ( = Yes, I am going to the film.)No. (= No. I am not going to the film.)

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The meaning of a question tag depends on how you say it. If your voice goes down, you aren’tasking a question. You are inviting the listener to agree with you. It’s a great musical, isn’t it?

Yes, it’s wonderful.

That usher looks sick, doesn’t he?No. I think he’s just tired.

If your voice goes up, it’s a question.You don’t have a ticket to the play, do you?

Yes, it’s in my pocket.

We have enough time to buy popcorn before the film, don’t we?No. The film will start now.

After Let’s………… the question tag is………..shall we?Let’s leave for the art gallery now, shall we?Let’s not stay for the last scene, shall we?

After the imperative (Do……/ Don’t do……etc.) the tag is usually……..will you?Don’t be late for the film, will you?Sit in that row, will you?

Example: He isn’t going to perform tonight, ___is he________?

You will visit the war museum, __________?

You know where the theater is, __________?

You don’t like to visit museums, __________?

He is an actor, ___________?

She used to sing in the choir, _____________?

They know where the cultural center is, ______________?

He could sell his paintings, ______________?

That movie was exciting, ______________?

You know the words to a lot of song, ______________?

We will visit historical places, _______________?

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Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with a question tag.

Example: You are looking for a book. You think the writer is OrhanPamuk, but you want to verify. What can you say?

That book is by Orhan Pamuk, isn’t it?

You look out the window. The workers have just finished their work on a new museum. What canyou say?____________________________________________________________

You are with a friend outside the cinema. You are looking at the cheap prices. What do you say?__________________________________________________________

You are at a theater. There is a new musical. The orchestra is wonderful. What can you say?__________________________________________________________

You are talking about the new film with Brad Pitt. What can you say?__________________________________________________________

You went to a concert and there was a musical instrument you didn’t see before. What can yousay?__________________________________________________________

The opera singer was horrible. What can you say?__________________________________________________________

The theater doesn’t have a cafeteria so there is nothing to drink or eat. What do you say?__________________________________________________________

The movie is going to start soon. You want to go in and find a seat. What do you say?__________________________________________________________

After the movie, you and your friend are talking about the movie. You think the movie was good.What can you say?__________________________________________________________

You are going to an exhibition at the cultural center. You want to check that the cultural center isnear the library. What do you say?__________________________________________________________

Review of past tenseReview of past tense

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Exercise 2: Read the situation and then make a question using a question tag.

The simple past is used to talk about activites or situations thatbegan and ended in the past.

Most past simple verbs are formed by adding –ed to the verb.Verb Past formcomplain complainedinvite invitedplay playedvisit visitedarrive arrived

Here are some examples:Tom complained about the film.Erma invited us to the opening of the new play.

Many verbs have irregular forms.Verb Past formbegan begunbuild builtdraw drewsing sangstand stood

Here are some examples: The musical began at 8:00.Everyone stood at the end of the production.

Some verbs have the same past form.Verb Past formread readput putcost costlet let

Here are some examples: It cost $10 for a ticket to the show.The actor read the part well.Her mother let her go to the film with her friends.

Example: The usher didn’t go to work He __had____________ (have) a fever.

The museum wasn’t ready to open. The curator ____________ (be) late.

The ticket office was open, so I _________________ (buy) my tickets.

The musical started at 7:00. The usher ______________________ (take) me to my seat at 6:30. It was warm in the theater so I ______ off my coat. (take)

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Exercise 3:Fill in the blanks with the past tense of the verb in parentheses.

I was very tired so I __________ to the theater. (not go)

The art gallery _____ at 9:00 a.m. (open)

The paintings for sale ________________ (be) beautiful but very expensive.

The exhibition was very crowded, so I _______________ (leave) early.

The tickets for the concert were sold out, so I ________________ (go).

The band started one hour late, but we all ____________________ (wait).

A: Let’s be quiet, Maria. Maybe father _went_ (go)to bed.

M: No, he _______________(sit) in his chair.

A: We are in trouble.

D: Okay, young ladies. What _________________(happen)?

M. We are sorry. There ____________(be) some problems.

D: There are always problems. Why _____________(be) you late?

A: The film ___________________(not, start) on time. There was a long line of people for tickets.

Many people __________________(buy) popcorn.

D: It was two hours late?

M: There was a problem with the projector. It _______________(break). They ___________(have) to find a different one.

D: So, the line was long. The projector broke. And……?

A: Well……. We did stop to have a coffee at the cafe with some friends after the film. They

___________________(invite) us to that cafe near the museum.

D: I see. How long were you at the cafe?

M: We _____________(drink) one tea. Anna had a sandwich. We ______________ (stay) 30 min-utes.

D: Okay. I ____________________(understand). I was young, too. I ___________ (be) alwayslate. Your grandfather was always angry.

A: Really? He’s always happy now.

D: Yes, he is. I ___________(be) a good son now. And you ___________(be) good daughters.Now, it’s time for bed.M: Thank you, father.

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Exercise 4: Fill in the blanks with the correct verb tenses.

Present perfect tensePresent perfect tenseThe present perfect form is have/ has + past participle.The negative form is hasn’t /haven’t + past participle.

Many past participles in the present perfect end in –ed.

Verb Past participlecomplain complainedinvite invitedplay played walk walkedreceive received

Here are some examples:I have received many invitations to the opening.John has walked to the theater many times.

There are also many irregular forms.Verb Past participlehave hadgo goneforgot forgottenbegin begun choose chosendraw drawnsing sungdo donetake takensee seen

Here are some examples:He has drawn many new sketches for the art gallery.The play hasn’t begun yet.

Some present perfect forms are the same as the past form.Past Past participlebuilt builtfound foundsold soldmet met

Here are some examples: The theater was built in 2003.Hurrah! He has found his drawings.

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When we use the present perfect, there is always a connection with now. The action in the past hasa result now.Here are some examples: Where’s your ticket?

I don’t know. I’ve lost it. (I haven’t got it now.)

Is Steven at the museum?No, he has gone. (He isn’t there now.)

I can’t find the tickets! Have you seen them? (Do you know where they are now?)

Remember, we can use the present perfect tense to describe an action that began in the past andcontinues into the present.Maria has known George for many years. (= she met him in the past and still knows him)The war museum has been open for two months. (= it opened two months ago and is still open)Anna has lived near the art gallery for three months. (= Anna still lives near the gallery)We often use the present perfect to give new information or tell someone about something new.

Here are some examples: Oh no! I have lost the film schedule.The museum is closed. There has been a fire.The audience has complained twice. The orchestra is too loud.

Here is the form for the yes/no question form, have/has + subject + past participle + complement/ object?

Have you visited the art gallery?

Has he seen that play?Have they been here?We can use just, already and yet with the present perfect.just = a short time agoHe has just arrived at the theater.The girls have just left the theater.

already = something happened sooner than expected.Don’t forget your invitation to the opening of the museum.

I won’t. I have already put it in my pocket.

What time is Nancy leaving for the museum?She has already left.

yet = until now. The speaker is expecting something to happen. We use yet in questions and negative sentences.Has the film finished yet?I know there is a new museum. I haven’t visited it yet.

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Already and just are usually put between the auxiliary and the past participle. Yet usually comes at the end of the sentence or question.She has just arrived.She has already arrived.Has she arrived yet?She hasn’t arrived yet.

Let’s look at the difference between gone (to) and been (to).John has gone to the theater. (= he is there now or is on his way).John has been to the theater. (= he has come back from the theater).

Example: Last week the film cost $3. Now, it costs $4. The price has just gone up.(go up) (just)

At the art gallery, you see an old friend. He says, "Do you want some-thing to eat?" You say: No, thank you. ____________________ (eat) (just)

You are having tea during intermission at the cinema. The waiter thinks you are finished and starts to take your cup. You say: Wait a minute! I __________________ (finish) (yet)

You are going to a film tonight. You call a friend to go with you. She says: No, thanks. I ________________________ that film. (see) (already)

The curator is looking for his key. He can’t find It, but he had it thirty minutes ago. He __________ it. (lose)(just)

The people are waiting outside. The ushers open the doors. The actors _______________________.(not arrive)(yet)

John is at the theater. It is 10:00. He wants to see the end of the play. It finished at 8:50. The usher says: It ___________________. (finish)(already)

I went to the art gallery and I bought a painting. I arrived home and I am showing the painting to my family. I’ve________________ to the art gallery. (be) (just)Are you going to the museum? No, I _________________ there twice. (be) (already)

You and a friend are going to a concert. You are responsible for the tickets, but didn’t have the time to buy them. You say: I ___________________________________ (buy) (yet).

You are late for the opera. The doors are closed, and it ________________________ (start) (already).

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Exercise 5: Make sentences using present perfect. Please use just, already or yet.

ReadingReading

1). Who is Ray having a party for?

2). What has been difficult for Ray?

3). Why is he hesitant to invite Tim?

4). What has Tim been waiting for?

5). What happened to Tim’s invitation?

6). Does Tim believe Ray’s excuse?

7). What does Tim feel?

8). Who told everyone that Eve was pregnant?

9). Who does Tim work with?

10). Who does Ray quote to finish the conversation?

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Ray is having a surprise anniversary party forhis wife. It has beendifficult to keep it a secret. He has invited manyguests and, so far, his wife hasn’t found out. Hewants to invite his good friend, Tim, but heknows Tim has a big mouth and can’t keep asecret. Still, Ray has decided to invite Tim.Ray: Hello, Tim. What’s up?Tim: Not too much. I know what’s up with you. Something about a party?Ray: So you know!Tim: Yes. I have waited for your invitation.Ray: Sorry. I accidentally misplaced it. I just found it so that’s why I am calling.Tim: It’s strange that everyone else has received one. Have I been placed on your black list?Ray: Well, Tim. Everyone knows you talk a lot. I’m sure if I invite you my wife willfind out.Tim: I sometimes feel as if I’m to blame for everything. Ray: Who told Frank about his birthday present? Who told everyone Eve was preg-nant?Tim: I thought they already knew!Ray: That’s not a good excuse. You work with my wife. If you ruin this, it will be theend of our friendship.Tim: Maybe it is already ruined.Ray: You should pay attention to what Abraham Lincoln once said," Tis better to

Read the story and answer the questions.

ANSWER KEY Lesson 25

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with a question tag.

You will visit the war museum, won’t you?You know where the theater is, don’t you?You don’t like to visit museums, do you? Is that right?He is an actor, isn’t he?She used to sing in the choir, didn’t she?They know where the cultural cnter is, don’t they?He could sell his paintings, couldn’t he?That movie was exciting, wasn’t it?You know the words to a lot of songs, don’t you?We will visit historical places, won’t we?

Exercise 2: Read the situation and then make a question using a question tag. Your answersmight be a little different.

You look out the window. The workers have just finished their work on a new museum. What canyou say?It’s a beautiful museum, isn’t it?You are with a friend outside the cinema. You are looking at the cheap prices. What do you say?This cinema isn’t expensive, is it?You are at a theater. There is a new musical. The orchestra is wonderful. What can you say?They are wonderful, aren’t they?You are talking about the new film with Brad Pitt. What can you say?He is a great/handsome/good actor, isn’t he?You went to a concert and there was a musical instrument you didn’t see before. What can yousay?That was an interesting/unusual/different instrument, wasn’t it?The opera singer was horrible. What can you say?He couldn’t sing, could he? / He was horrible, wasn’t he?The theater doesn’t have a cafeteria so there is nothing to drink or eat. What do you say?There is nothing to eat or drink, is there?The movie is going to start soon. You want to go in and find a seat. What do you say?We can go in, can’t we? / Let’s go in, shall we?After the movie, you and your friend are talking about the movie. You think the movie was good.What can you say?The movie was great, wasn’t it?You are going to an exhibition at the cultural center. You want to check that the cultural center isnear the library. What do you say?The cultural center is near the library, isn’t it?

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Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with the past tense of the verb in parentheses.

The museum wasn’t ready to open. The curator was late.The ticket office was open, so I bought my tickets.Themusical started at 7.00. The usher took me to my seat at 6.30.It was warm in the theater so I took off my coat.I was very tired so I didn’t go to the theater.The art gallery opened at 9:00 a.m.The paintings for sale were beautiful but very expensive.The exhibition was very crowded, so I left early.The tickets for the concert were sold out, so I didn’t go.The band started one hour late, but we all waited.

Exercise 4: Fill in the blanks using the correct verb tenses.

A: Let’s be quiet, Maria. Maybe father went (go) to bed.M: No, he is sitting (sit) in his chair.A: We are in trouble.D: Okay, young ladies. What happened (happen)?M. We are sorry. There were (be) some problems.D: There are always problems. Why are (be) you late?A: The film didn’t start (not, start) on time. There was a long line of people for tickets. Many people bought (buy) popcorn.D: It was two hours late?M: There was a problem with the projector. It broke (break). They had (have) to find a different one.D: So, the line was long. The projector broke. And……?A: Well……. We did stop to have a coffee at the cafe with some friends after the film. They invited (invite) us to that cafe near the museum.D: I see. How long were you at the cafe?M: We drank (drink) one tea. Anna had a sandwich. We stayed (stay) 30 minutes. D: Okay. I understand (understand). I was young, too. I was (be) always late. Your grandfather was always angry.A: Really? He’s always happy now.D: Yes, he is. I am (be) a good son now. And you are (be) good daughters. Now, it’s time for bed.M: Thank you, father.

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Exercise 5: Make sentences using present perfect. Please use just, already or yet.

At the art gallery, you see an old friend. He says, "Do you want something to eat?" You say: No, thank you. I have just eaten.

You are having tea during intermission at the cinema. The waiter thinks you are finished and startsto take your cup. You say: Wait a minute! I haven’t finished yet.

You are going to a film tonight. You call a friend to go with you. She says: No, thanks. I have already seen that film.

The curator is looking for his key. He can’t find it, but he had it thirty minutes ago. He has just lost it.

The people are waiting outside. The ushers open the doors. The actors haven’t arrived yet.

John is at the theater. It is 10:00. He wants to see the end of the play. It finished at 8:50. The usher says: It has already finished.

I went to the art gallery and I bought a painting. I arrived home and I am showing the painting tomy family. I’ve just been to the art gallery.

Are you going to the museum? No, I have already been there twice.

You and a friend are going to a concert. You are responsible for the tickets, but didn’t have thetime to buy them. You say: I haven’t bought them yet.

You are late for the opera. The doors are closed, and it has already started.

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ReadingReading1). Who is Ray having a party for?He is having a party for his wife.

2). What has been difficult for Ray?It has been difficult keeping the party a secret.

3). Why is he hesitant to invite Tim?Tim has a big mouth.

4). What has Tim been waiting for?He has been waiting for an invitation to the party.

5). What happened to Tim’s invitation?Ray misplaced it.

6). Does Tim believe Ray’s excuse?No, he doesn’t.

7). What does Tim feel?He feels that people blame him for everything.

8). Who told everyone that Eve was pregnant?Tim told everyone.

9). Who does Tim work with?He works with Ray’s wife.

10). Who does Ray quote to finish the conversation?He quotes Abraham Lincoln.

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vocabulary listvocabulary listNOUNS VERBS ADJECTIVES ADVERBS PREPOSITIONSaisle arrive full always afteraudience complain next early atbullet draw noisy late at the frontcab receive old nicely besidecurator smell safe then betweenfever stand today forfire engine tomorrow inintermission usually in front ofproduction nearprojector ofscene onusher outside

towith

CONJUNCTIONS QUESTION WORDSand how longor how many

whatwhat timewhenwherewho