Lesson 2 Deck Equipment and Marlinspike Seamanship2839

8/13/2019 Lesson 2 Deck Equipment and Marlinspike Seamanship2839

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NS100

Deck Equipment and

Marlinespike Seamanship


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Cleat- Consists of a double-ended

pair of horns, used for securing a line

or wire.

Bitts- Pairs of heavy vertical

cylinders, used for making fast lines

led through chocks.

Bollard- Strong cylindrical upright

on a pier, about which a mooring line

is placed.

Ground Tackle and Mooring Equipment


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Chock- Heavy fitting with smooth surfaces

through which mooring lines are led.

Roller

Open

Closed
http://www.anchormarinehouston.com/PanChoDMtCh.html


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Padeye - A metal plate with an eye,

attached to the deck to distribute a load

over a large area.

Lifelines- Lines erected around the edgesof decks, referred to as follows:

Top-Lifeline

Middle - Housing lineBottom - Foot rope

Snaking -Netting rigged

between foot rope and deck.



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Capstan - Separate vertical machinery units or partof the anchor windlass around which lines are

passed, commonly used in mooring and anchoring

evolutions.



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Camel - A large float or raft

used as a fender.

Rat guards- Shields secured

around mooring lines to preventrats from coming board ships.



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Dip the EyeWhen two bights are placed on the same bollard, the

second one is led up through the first before being put over

the bollard. This allows either to be cast off without

moving the other.


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Chafing gear- Canvas or other

material placed around mooring

lines to prevent wear.

Fenders- Material designed to

absorb the shock of contact

between two ships or a ship and a

pier.



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Boatswains chair- Used for sending

one person over the side.

Jacobs ladder- Rope ladder w/rungs

rigged over the side for temporary use

Boat boom- Spar swung out from the

side of the ship, permits small boats to

ride safely alongside while at anchor.



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Pilots ladder - Flexible portable ladder,usually constructed of metal, sturdier than

a Jacobs ladder.

Sea ladder- Rigid, portable ladder

that maybe rigged to the side of the

ship.

Accommodation ladder- Rigid, inclined

ladder rigged to the side of the ship to

allow boarding of a moored or anchored

ship.



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Mooring Lines

Mooring lines are the lines used to secure the

ship to a wharf, pier or another ship.

Definition of lines:Breast lines- Run at right angles from the ship,control distance of ship from pierAft spring lines- Tend aft from ship, control

forward movement.Forward spring lines- Tend forward from theship, control aft movement


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Mooring Lines

Numbering of lines:#1 - Bow line

#2 - Aft bow spring line

#3 - Forward bow spring line#4 - Aft quarter spring line

#5 - Forward quarter spring line

#6 - Stern line

1 3 4 5 62


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Mooring Lines

DO NOT MIX MOORING LINE

Never mix lines of different constructions

or material . Each type of rope exhibitsdifferent elongation characteristics and

mixing will result in an unequal load

sharing


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Marlinespike seamanshipis the art of

- handling

- maintaining

- working

with line or rope, including every variety of

- knotting - splicing - lashing.


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Rope and LineFiber rope- Commonly called line, it is

fashioned from natural or synthetic fibers.Measured by circumference

Types of construction:

-Twisted - Braided - Plaited


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Rope and Line(classification and construction, contd)

Types of fiber rope:Natural: Synthetic: Aramid:

-manila - nylon - 4 strands kevlar

-cotton - polyester- hemp - polypropylene


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Wire rope- basic unit of construction is the

metal wire.

-Measured by diameter.

- Construction: individual wires are laid

together to form strands, and strands are laidtogether to form the wire rope.


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Wire rope Designated by

- number of strands per rope, and

- number of wires per strand.

- example: 6 x 19

6strands per rope

19wires per strand


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Wire Rope (contd) -

- large number of small wires produces

high flexibility but low abrasion resistance.

- a small number of large wires wouldstiffer, but more resistant to abrasion.

Cores -

- single wire strand adds strength

- fiber adds flexibility.



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Natural vs Synthetic

Important differences :

- Synthetic fiber lines slip more easily.

- Synthetic line has higher breakingstrength.

- Synthetic line has poor knot-holdingcharacteristics.

- Synthetic lines stretch under load.


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Synthetic Line Construction

3-strand double-braided plaitedBreaking Low High Medium

strength

Abrasion Best Low Mediumresistance

Relative High Low Highest

stretch

Cost Low High Medium


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Synthetic Line Materials

Nylon Polypropylene PolyesterBreaking High Low Medium

strength

Abrasion Best Poor Goodresistance

Relative High Medium Least

stretch

Cost Medium Low High


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Small Stuff

Line or rope less than 1 3/4 inches in circumference.Identified by the number of yarns (threads) it contains, rather

than its size.

Marline- Two-strand, tarred hemp, used for serving a line.(Serving a line means to wrap it with marline to protect it

from weather or to make it look neater. Most commonly

used on natural fiber lines)

Houseline- Three-strand, left laid tarred hemp for light

seizing, light rigging, and work exposed to weather.


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MONKEY LINES


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Seizing stuff- Very small, used for

fancier jobs that marline can accomplish.Ratline stuff- Dark brown and coarse, it

is primarily used for snaking - nettings

used to prevent personnel from washingoverboard.

Tattletale- Small, natural line spaced into

a synthetic fiber line to provide an

indication of the working load placed on

the line.

Small Stuff


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Small Stuff

Tattletale(contd) - the tattletale for a three-strand,twisted nylon line consists of a 40-inch natural

fiber line spliced between two points 30 inches

apart. The tattletale become taut when the line isstretched 33% or more.


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Marlinespike Seamanship Terms

Hawser- Heavy line over five inches incircumference. Used for towing or mooring.

Bight- A loop of line or chain.

Bitter End- Free end of a length of line, wirechain or cable.

Eye - Closed loop in the end of a line.

Marlinspike - Tapered steel tool used insplicing wire.


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Fid- Tapered wood tool used in splicing lines.

Coil- Lay down a line in circular turns ontop of one another.


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Flemish: Coil a line flat on

deck

Fake down: Lay out a line inlong, flat bights.

Heaving line: Light weighted

line thrown across to a pier or

ship when coming alongside to

act as a messenger.


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Monkey fist - Knot at the end of a heaving

line to provide weight.

Rat-tailed Stopper- Line designed to take thestrain of a working line while shifting theline about bitts or cleats.

Mousing- Light line across a hook to prevent

a sling from slipping off or a pin from

backing out.


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Review Questions

1. What type of line are lines 1 and 6?

2. What type of motion is controlled by lines 2

and 4?3. What is the difference between spring linesand breast lines?

4. What are the three types of chocks?

5. What does chaffing gear prevent?


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Review Questions

6. What is marlinspike seamanship?

7. What is rope?

8. What is line?

9. How are fiber and wire rope measureddifferently?


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Review Questions

10. What advantage does synthetic line have

over natural? What are the disadvantages?

11. What is the purpose of a splice?

Documents

Lesson 2 Deck Equipment and Marlinspike Seamanship2839