LESSON 14 – RATIONAL LESSON 14 – RATIONAL BATHING AND SWIMMING BATHING AND SWIMMING

IN POST INDUSTRIAL IN POST INDUSTRIAL COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES

TASK…..TASK…..

• DESIGN A COMPREHENSIVE MIND DESIGN A COMPREHENSIVE MIND MAP TO EXPLAIN HOW SWIMMING MAP TO EXPLAIN HOW SWIMMING AND BATHING DEVELOPED AS A AND BATHING DEVELOPED AS A RATIONAL RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY.RATIONAL RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY.

• BEFORE DOING SO, TAKE NOTE OF BEFORE DOING SO, TAKE NOTE OF THE FOLLOWING:THE FOLLOWING:

HOW?HOW?

• WHAT SIGNIFICANT WHAT SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENTS TOOK PLACE DEVELOPMENTS TOOK PLACE AND WHAT FACTORS AND WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCED THE DEVELOPMENT INFLUENCED THE DEVELOPMENT OF SWIMMING AND BATHING?OF SWIMMING AND BATHING?

HOW WAS SOCIETY HOW WAS SOCIETY CHANGING?CHANGING?

• TRAINSTRAINS

• RULES/LAW AND ORDERRULES/LAW AND ORDER

• RESPECT – GOVERNING BODIES OF RESPECT – GOVERNING BODIES OF SPORTSPORT

• INDUSTRIALISATION?INDUSTRIALISATION?

WATER CURE……WATER CURE……

• – – A BELIEF IN THE THERAPEUTIC A BELIEF IN THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF IMMERSION IN WATER. EFFECTS OF IMMERSION IN WATER. – INLAND SPAS DEVELOPED AND – INLAND SPAS DEVELOPED AND GREW INTO LARGE PRESTIGIOUS GREW INTO LARGE PRESTIGIOUS RESORTS FOR THE WELL OFF. – RESORTS FOR THE WELL OFF. – THESE WERE CHOSEN FOR SIGHTS THESE WERE CHOSEN FOR SIGHTS FOR SCHOOLS ( FOR EXAMPLE, THE FOR SCHOOLS ( FOR EXAMPLE, THE COLLEGES OF CLIFTON, COLLEGES OF CLIFTON, CHELTENHAM AND MALVERN).CHELTENHAM AND MALVERN).

• THE GENTRY MOVED TO THE GENTRY MOVED TO CONTINENTAL SPAS AND TO THE CONTINENTAL SPAS AND TO THE SEASIDE – COLD SALT WATER HAVING SEASIDE – COLD SALT WATER HAVING THE MOST EFFECT. THE MOST EFFECT.

• RESTRICTIVE ETHICS OF THE RESTRICTIVE ETHICS OF THE VICTORIAN ERA, BEACHES WERE VICTORIAN ERA, BEACHES WERE DESIGNATED AS SOCIALLY EXCLUSIVE DESIGNATED AS SOCIALLY EXCLUSIVE AND SINGLE SEXED TO ENSURE AND SINGLE SEXED TO ENSURE MODESTY AND RESPECTABILITY.MODESTY AND RESPECTABILITY.

• DEVELOPMENT OF BATHING DEVELOPMENT OF BATHING MACHINES GAVE BATHER SOME MACHINES GAVE BATHER SOME PRIVACY – WOODEN HUTS PRIVACY – WOODEN HUTS TOWED INTO THE SEA – ALSO TOWED INTO THE SEA – ALSO ALLOWED MIXED BATHING!ALLOWED MIXED BATHING!

SEASIDE……SEASIDE……

• ‘‘TAKING THE WATERS’ BECAME A REGENCY FASHION TAKING THE WATERS’ BECAME A REGENCY FASHION AND LED TO SPA TOWNS BEING BUILT WITH AND LED TO SPA TOWNS BEING BUILT WITH EXTENSIVE BATHING FACILITIES.EXTENSIVE BATHING FACILITIES.

• 1870s – THE RAILWAY NETWORK BROUGHT THE 1870s – THE RAILWAY NETWORK BROUGHT THE WORKING CLASS TO THE SEASIDE SEEKING HEALTH WORKING CLASS TO THE SEASIDE SEEKING HEALTH AND RECREATION AS WELL AS COPYING THE UPPER AND RECREATION AS WELL AS COPYING THE UPPER CLASSES.CLASSES.

• BATHING FACILITIES IN RIVER TOWNS BATHING FACILITIES IN RIVER TOWNS HAD STARTED TO BECOME HAD STARTED TO BECOME ORGANISED.ORGANISED.

• SWIMMING BECAME FASHIONABLE SWIMMING BECAME FASHIONABLE FOR THE MIDDLE CLASS, AND FOR THE MIDDLE CLASS, AND AMATEUR SWIMMING AS AN AMATEUR SWIMMING AS AN ORGANISED COMPETITIVE EVENT ORGANISED COMPETITIVE EVENT BEGAN WITH THE FORMATION OF BEGAN WITH THE FORMATION OF CLUBS.CLUBS.

BATHS WERE OPENED….BATHS WERE OPENED….

• Only wealthy people could afford bathroomsOnly wealthy people could afford bathrooms• First public baths were opened in Liverpool First public baths were opened in Liverpool

in 1828in 1828• The baths and Wash Houses Act of 1846 The baths and Wash Houses Act of 1846

was really the start of bathing and was really the start of bathing and swimming in industrial Britainswimming in industrial Britain

EFFECTS OF EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALISATION..INDUSTRIALISATION..• INDUSTRIALISATION AND URBANISATION INDUSTRIALISATION AND URBANISATION

LED TO OVERCROWDING AND DISEASE. 1846 LED TO OVERCROWDING AND DISEASE. 1846 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ATTEMPTED TO CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ATTEMPTED TO IMPROVE HYGIENE WITH ITS WASH HOUSE IMPROVE HYGIENE WITH ITS WASH HOUSE ACTS – LOANS OFFERED TO MAJOR TOWN TO ACTS – LOANS OFFERED TO MAJOR TOWN TO BUILD PUBLIC BATHS.BUILD PUBLIC BATHS.

• THESE HAD FIRST-CLASS FACILITIES! THERE THESE HAD FIRST-CLASS FACILITIES! THERE WERE THOSE PLUNGE BATHS WHICH WERE THOSE PLUNGE BATHS WHICH ALLOWED THE WORKING CLASS TO WASH ALLOWED THE WORKING CLASS TO WASH THEMSELVES AND THEIR CLOTHES.THEMSELVES AND THEIR CLOTHES.

• Plunge pools facilitated the development Plunge pools facilitated the development swimming clubs and galasswimming clubs and galas

CLUBS FORMED……CLUBS FORMED……

• 1869 – MIDDLE-CLASS SWIMMING CLUBS 1869 – MIDDLE-CLASS SWIMMING CLUBS ESTABLISHED LAWS FOR AMATEUR SWIMMING AND ESTABLISHED LAWS FOR AMATEUR SWIMMING AND IN 1874 THEY FORMED THE SWIMMING ASSOCIATION IN 1874 THEY FORMED THE SWIMMING ASSOCIATION OF GB. WHICH BECAME ASA. IN 1884. BY 1902 THERE OF GB. WHICH BECAME ASA. IN 1884. BY 1902 THERE WERE MORE THAN 500 CLUBS BELONGING TO THE WERE MORE THAN 500 CLUBS BELONGING TO THE ASSOCIATION.ASSOCIATION.

• WATER POLO MAINLY DEVELOPED IN THE PUBLIC WATER POLO MAINLY DEVELOPED IN THE PUBLIC BATHS AND WAS CODIFIED IN 1885. THE AMATEUR BATHS AND WAS CODIFIED IN 1885. THE AMATEUR DIVING ASSOCIATION WAS NOT FORMED UNTIL 1901DIVING ASSOCIATION WAS NOT FORMED UNTIL 1901

• BY 1880s EXCLUSIVITY HAD DIMINISHED AND BY 1880s EXCLUSIVITY HAD DIMINISHED AND SWIMMING AND WATER POLO CLUBS WERE SWIMMING AND WATER POLO CLUBS WERE BECOMING ESTABLISHED FOR THE WORKING CLASS.BECOMING ESTABLISHED FOR THE WORKING CLASS.

IN SUMMARY:IN SUMMARY:

• TOWNS GREW AS A RESULT OF INDUSTRIALISATIONTOWNS GREW AS A RESULT OF INDUSTRIALISATION• 1848 – PUBLIC HEALTH ACT – BUILT PUBLIC BATHS TO 1848 – PUBLIC HEALTH ACT – BUILT PUBLIC BATHS TO

HELP STOP THE SPREAD OF DISEASE.HELP STOP THE SPREAD OF DISEASE.• INTEREST FREE LOANS FROM GOVERNMENTINTEREST FREE LOANS FROM GOVERNMENT• INDUSTRIAL TOWNS BUILT PENNY BATHS, ON INDUSTRIAL TOWNS BUILT PENNY BATHS, ON

CONDITION THAT WORKERS ONLY PAID ONE PENNY CONDITION THAT WORKERS ONLY PAID ONE PENNY FOR USE.FOR USE.

• RECREATIONALRECREATIONAL• SPA WATER CURESPA WATER CURE• SEA-SIDESEA-SIDE• PUBLIC BATHSPUBLIC BATHS• INCREASE WORK EFFICIENCY.INCREASE WORK EFFICIENCY.• WERE USED FOR WASHING PLEASURE AND SPORT.WERE USED FOR WASHING PLEASURE AND SPORT.

HOMEWORK:HOMEWORK:

• WHAT MAIN FACTORS HAVE HELPED THE DEVELOPMENT OF WHAT MAIN FACTORS HAVE HELPED THE DEVELOPMENT OF SWIMMING IN THE UK AND WHAT IMPACT HAVE THEY HAD SWIMMING IN THE UK AND WHAT IMPACT HAVE THEY HAD ON CONTEMPORY PARTICIPATION AND PERFORMANCE?ON CONTEMPORY PARTICIPATION AND PERFORMANCE?

• WHAT FACTORS MIGHT BE A BARRIER TO PARTICIPATION IN WHAT FACTORS MIGHT BE A BARRIER TO PARTICIPATION IN SWIMMING TODAY?SWIMMING TODAY?

EXTRA:EXTRA:

• 2012 PUBLIC SWIMMING TO BE FREE2012 PUBLIC SWIMMING TO BE FREE

• OVER 60s ARE NOW FREEOVER 60s ARE NOW FREE

• 2 MILLION MORE PEOPLE TO GET 2 MILLION MORE PEOPLE TO GET INVOLVED IN SPORTINVOLVED IN SPORT

• VERY ACCESSIBLE TO ALL PEOPLEVERY ACCESSIBLE TO ALL PEOPLE