Lesson 12

Lecture Notes

Review What characterized religious anti-

Semitism? What are some examples? How did Jews think emancipation would

effect anti-Semitism? Were they right? Why?

What is political anti-Semitism? What issues characterize it?

Anti-Semitism: Part II

Why does anti-Semitism exist after emancipation?

What does it look like?How is it different from anti-Semitism

before emancipation?

Racial Anti-Semitism I Definition: Racial theories developing in

Europe linked certain character traits (both good and bad) with genetics. Based on such beliefs some races were good while others were bad. Jews were seen as evil, without any way of changing or redeeming themselves.

Racial Anti-Semitism II Karl Eugen Duehring (1833-1921)

Initial proponent of modern racial anti-Semitism

“The Question of the Jews is a Question of Race” (1881)

Judaism is not just a religion, but a race Must define Jews only as a race and keep them out of

German society.

Racial Anti-Semitism III Theodor Fritsch (1852-1933)

Publicist and politician Excerpt from Antisemitic Catechism -“The

Racist’s Decalogue” (1883) What is the “Decalogue”? Keep blood pure – Keep your daughters away from

Jews. Do not have business or social dealings with Jews. Don’t use violence but respond, if necessary, with

German rath

Racial Anti-Semitism IV

How are Jews characterized in racial anti-Semitism?

Does racial anti-Semitism still exist? In what ways?

Anti-Semitic Events I The Damascus Affair (1840)

Capuchin friar vanishes without a trace Local Jews accused of blood libel French consul supports the monks Jewish children removed from homes (kidnapped)

Western countries intercede Jews in Europe and America ask govts for help International delegation gets Jews released 1st time world Jewry comes together in this way

Anti-Semitic Events II Jewish Response to Damascus Affair

Alliance Israelite Universelle established (1860) Diplomacy on behalf of persecuted Jews Assistance to emigrants Education

Anti-Semitic Events III Alfred Dreyfus (1859-1935)

Son of prosperous Jewish family Grew up in Paris and received a

French education Graduated from a military academy

and became an officer in the French army

The Dreyfus Affair: Part I (1894) Alfred Dreyfus is accused of selling

secrets to the Germans Tried in secret military court Fraudulent charges Found guilty of treason & sent to

Devil’s Island

Anti-Semitic Events IV Dreyfus Affair: Part II

New evidence found – but court won’t turn over earlier decision

“J’Accuse” – Emile Zola (Jan. 13, 1898) Zola accuses government and calls for new trial Rouses public to Dreyfus’ support Zola is found guilty of libel for this article

Dreyfus pardoned in 1899 Military rank restored in 1906

Wrap Up How much better off are Jews really in the

modern world? Why does Anti-Semitism continue after

Emancipation and what does it look like? What does Anti-Semitism look like today?

Does it follow these patterns or are there new patterns?

For Next Week Read pages 372-448. Special attention to documents #: 3, 4, 7,

9, 11, 16, 19, 20, 24, 25, 27, 31, 36, 37 Think about:

How is the experience of Jews in Eastern Europe different from the experience of Jews in Western Europe?

How is the experience of Jews in Eastern Europe similar to the experience of Jews in Western Europe?