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Name of Student : ___________________________
Teacher’s Name : MR. CHRIS
Class : F2A1Lesson No. : 11
Date : 10 – APRIL - 2013Time : 12.15PM – 2.00PM
SEKOLAH MENENGAH SERI OMEGA, JOHOR BAHRU
Subject : ScienceChapter / Topic : 3.0 BiodiversitySub-Topic : 3.1 Understanding variety of living organisms and their
classification.
What is biodiversity?
1. The living things found on Earths are human, animals and plants.
2. A living thing is known as an organism
3. Animals and plants have various shapes, sizes and habitats.
4. The differences that exists between the same species of living things are called
variations/ diversity of life/ or biodiversity.
Habitat of living things
1. A natural place where plants and animals live is called a habitat.
2. Different animals and plants live in different habitats.
3. A habitat is important to an organism because
a. It provides the organism with food.
b. Protection
c. Space for breeding
HABITAT of living things
Animals Plants
Bird Tree Lotus Lake
Snake Bushes Mushroom Wood
Amoeba Pond Durian tree Orchid
Whale Sea Duckweed Pond
Camel Dessert Coconut tree Seashore
Termite Wood Cactus Dessert
Classification of Living Organism
1. Classification of living organism such as plants and animals can be done based on
their common characteristics.
2. A classification system is required to group living things methodically because of
their large number and types.
3. Although they possess common characteristics, organisms from the same species
still have distinctive characteristics which differentiate them from other species.
4. Classification is important to enable more in-depth scientific studies to be carried out
for the improvement of the species themselves.
5. Examples of classification of animal based on their habits and their breathing organs
are shown below.
Classification of animals
Habitat Breathing organs
Land water Water &
Land
Gills Lungs Moist Skin
Examples
Eagle Whale Crab Turtle Horse Frog
Chicken Prawn Seahorse Crocodile Duck Toad
snake Crab eel Frog Cow
Classification of Animals
1. Groups of animals can be classified according to similarities in characteristics,
features and structures.
2. Common characteristics are characteristics that are possessed by two or more types
of species.
3. Common characteristics in animals include methods of reproduction, types of food
habitats and physical features.
4. Classification of animals by common characteristics:
Characteristic of animal Examples
Live in water Crab, fish, shrimp, oyster, squid, cockle and
jellyfish
Live on land Dog, chicken, cat, squirrel, mouse, elephant, tiger
and deer
Live in water & on land Crocodile, frog, turtle, seal and otter
Reproduces by laying eggs Hen, fish, bird, crab, duck, goose and cockroach
Reproduces by giving birth Whale, dolphin, porcupine, pangolin, bat, rabbit
and cow
Herbivorous Rabbit, cow, goat, giraffe, squirrel, snail and
grasshopper
Carnivorous Lion, tiger, piranha, crocodile, snake, frog
Omnivorous Chicken, duck, cat, cockroach, mouse, bear
Body covered with hair Cat, dog , cow , rabbit , bear, bat
Body covered with feathers Bird, penguin, chicken and duck
Body covered with scales Fish, pangolin, lizard, snake, monitor lizard
5. Animals can be classified into 2 big groups:
a. Animals with backbones
b. Animals without backbones
6. Animals with backbones are known as vertebrates
7. Animals without backbones are known as invertebrates
Vertebrates
with backbones
Main support is endoskeleton which consists of bones
ANIMALS
vertebrates
fish amphibians reptiles mammals birds
invertebrates
8. Vertebrates are divided into 5 main groups. The 5 main groups are:
a. Fish
b. Bird
c. Mammals
d. Reptile
e. Amphibian
9. Classification of vertebrates and their characteristics:
a. FISH
Characteristics of fish:
1. Habitat : water
2. Type of blood: Cold-blooded ( poikilothermic ) – body temperature change according
to the temperature of the surroundings.
3. Characteristics of body: streamlined; covered by slimy scales; moves using fins and
tails
4. Breathing organ: Gills
5. Method of reproduction: Lays eggs ( except sharks and seahorses – give birth to
young)
6. Type of fertilization : external fertilization
7. Examples are fish and eel
b. BIRD
Characteristics of birds:
1. Habitat : land
2. Type of blood: Warm-blooded ( homoiothermic ) – fixed body temperature
3. Characteristics of body:
i. covered by feathers
ii. have beaks
iii. legs covered with dry scales
iv. move using wings and legs
4. Breathing organ: Lungs
5. Method of reproduction:
i. Lays eggs
ii. Eggs have shell
6. Type of fertilization : internal fertilization
7. Examples are bird and chicken
c. REPTILE
Characteristics of reptiles:
1. Habitat : water and land
2. Type of blood: Cold-blooded ( poikilothermic )
3. Characteristics of body: covered by dry and hard scales , move using limbs and tails
4. Breathing organ: Lungs
5. Method of reproduction:
i. Lay eggs
ii. Eggs have shells ( rattle snakes give bith to young)
6. Type of fertilization : internal fertilization
7. Examples are snakes and crocodiles
d. AMPHIBIANS
Characteristics of amphibians:
1. Habitat : water ( the young ones ) and land ( adults )
2. Type of blood: Cold-blooded ( poikilothermic )
3. Characteristics of body: covered by moist skin ; moves with limbs and tails
4. Breathing organ:
i. Gills ( tadpole stage )
ii. Lungs ( adult stage )
iii. Moist skin ( adult stage )
5. Method of reproduction:
iii. Lay eggs
iv. Eggs have no shells
6. Type of fertilization : external fertilization
7. Examples are toad and frog
e. MAMMALS
Characteristics of mammals:
1. Habitat : land ( whales and dolphins are 2 exceptions)
2. Type of blood: Warm-blooded ( homoeothermic )
3. Characteristics of body:
i. covered by fur or hair
ii. have external ears
iii. have sweat glands
iv. have mammary ( milk) glands ( produce milk from young )
v. move using limbs.
4. Breathing organ: Lungs
5. Method of reproduction: Give birth to young ( except platypuses and anteaters)
6. Type of fertilization : internal fertilization
7. Examples are cat, rabbit and goat
Unusual characteristics of some mammals
1. Bats – have wings and fly like birds
2. Whales and dolphins – live in water like fish
3. Pangolin – lays eggs and have beaks like ducks
4. Platypus – lays eggs and have beaks like ducks
5. Porcupines – the body is covered with spines for protection.
6. Kangaroos and koalas – raise the young in their body pouches.
Invertebrates
1. Invertebrates are generally animals without backbones.
2. The support system of invertebrates consists of:
a. Exoskeleton such as hard shell. Examples are crabs, prawns and centipede
b. Hydrostatic frame. Examples are earthworms, caterpillar and planarians
3. Generally, the physical characteristics of invertebrates are much more simpler than
vertebrates.
4. Most microorganism are invertebrates. For examples, coelenterates ( Hydra and
Jellyfish) and protozoa ( Paramecium and Amoeba ).
5. Invertebrates also can be broadly classified into 2 groups. The 2 groups are:
a. With jointed legs
b. Without jointed legs
Invertebrates
Invertebrates with jointed legs Invertebrates without jointed legs
Example
Crab, Spider, centipede, millipede , butterfly Earthworm, flatworm, sea anemone, starfish
and snail.
VERTEBRATES
BIRDS REPTILES FISH
M: ………………………. N: ……………………….
Diagram 2
Exercises
1. Diagram 2 shows the classification of vertebrates.
(a) What groups do M and N represent? Label M and N on Diagram 2.
[2 marks]
(b) State one difference between group M and group N. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(c) Name one group of vertebrate which is cold-blooded.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(d) Which group of vertebrates has feathers?
………………………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]
(e) Which group of vertebrate gives birth to their young?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]
RP
SQ
Diagram 4
Common characteristics
P, Q, R and S
Names of animals
2. Diagram 4 shows four different animals, P, Q, R, and S.
(a) Based on your observation in Diagram 4, state one characteristic of each animal.
P………………………………………………………………….……………. …..
Q………….…………………………………………………………………………
R :……………..…………………………………………………………………….
S:…………...……………………………………………………………………….
(b) Classify the animals in Diagram 4 into two groups based on their common characteristics. Name the animals belonging to each group.
P
………………………...
Q
………………………...
R
………………………...
Diagram 5
P
Q
R
Breathe with lungs, cold-blooded, skin covered with hard and dry scales
Breathe with lungs, cold-blooded, skin covered with hard and dry scales
Breathe with lungs, warm-blooded, lay eggs with hard shells
Breathe with lungs, warm-blooded, give birth to live young
Animal Characteristics
3. Diagram 5 shows animals P, Q and R.
(a) Which group of vertebrates do P, Q, and R represent? Write the answers in Diagram 5
[3 marks]
(b) Match P, Q, and R to its correct common characteristics.
[3 marks]