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Special Pathogens and Arboviruses Hemorrhagic Fevers
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Leslie Lobel Faculty of Health Sciences Pathology Building Room
324
Special Pathogens and Arboviruses
Hemorrhagic Fevers Arboviruses Arboviruses = viruses transmitted by
insects.
Not a virus family but comprises manydifferent viruses. There are
Hemorrhagicfever viruses and encephalitis virusesthat are
Arboviruses. Walter Reed James Carroll During the Spanish-American
War of the late19th century & the subsequent building of
thePanama Canal, American deaths due to yellowfever were colossal.
The disease also appearedto be spreading slowly northward into
thecontinental United States. Throughexperimental transmission to
mice, in Walter Reed demonstrated that yellow feverwas caused by a
virus, spread by mosquitoes. Walter Reed ( ) The discovery that
Yellow Fever wascaused by a virus eventually enabledMax Theiler
(1937) to propagate thevirus in chick embryos &
successfullyproduced an attenuated vaccine - the17D strain - which
is still in use today. Max Theiler ( ) FAMILY/GEOGRAPHY AGENT
CASE-FATALITY
Filoviridae Sub-saharan Africa Ebola Marburg 50-75% 25%
Arenaviridae West Africa (Lassa) South America, California
(Whitewater) Old World: Lassa New World: Junin, Machupo, Guanarito
Sabia, Whitewater arroyo Lassa:1-2% (up to 25% in hospitalized pts)
30% for New World Bunyaviridae Egypt, Yemen SW US (Hantavirus)
Phlebovirus: Rift Valley Nairovirus: Crimean Congo Hantavirus: Sin
Nombre Rift Valley: