Upload
others
View
4
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Enhancement of an Industrial Landfarm Operation Using Phytotechnologies
Les Stehmeier, Frank VanDelft(NOVA Chemicals, Canada)
Hydrocarbon Removal from the Landfarm and Enhanced Landfarm
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
Phytotechnologies Landfarm
Hyd
roca
rbon
Rem
oval
(kg
per t
reat
men
t)
Top-soilSub-soil
Hydrocarbon Removal in the Topsoil by Field
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
Field 5 Field 6 Field 7 Field 8
Tops
oil O
il M
ass
(kg)
StartFinal
Hydrocarbon Removal in the Subsoil by Field
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
Field 5 Field 6 Field 7 Field 8
Subs
oil O
il M
ass
(kg)
StartFinal
Changes in Oil Composition – Field 7 Topsoil
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100% Off
BP(
ºC)
Field 7 Top FinalField 7 Top Start
Changes in Oil Composition – Field 7 Subsoil
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100% Off
BP(
ºC)
Field 7 Sub FinalField 7 Sub Start
Changes in Oil Composition – Field 6 Topsoil
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100% Off
BP(
ºC)
Field 6 Top FinalField 6 Top Start
Changes in Oil Composition – Field 6 Subsoil
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100% Off
BP(
ºC)
Field 6 Sub FinalField 6 Sub Start
Changes in Selected Metals during the Spreading Season – Topsoil
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
Barium Chromium Copper Lead Nickel Vanadium
Met
al R
educ
tion
Dur
ing
Spre
adin
g Se
ason
(%)
PhytotechnologiesLandfarm
Changes in Selected Metals during the Spreading Season – Subsoil
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
Barium Chromium Copper Lead Nickel Vanadium
Met
al R
educ
tion
Dur
ing
Spre
adin
g Se
ason
(%)
PhytotechnologiesLandfarm
Cost Summary
Seeding rate: 110kg/haLandfarm cost: 2.6¢ to 3.2¢/L of sludge spreadSeed bed preparation: $6,100/ha
Approximate 2006 CostsLandfarm cost: 3,001,832 x $0.03 = $90,055Seed bed preparation costs for Fields 5 and 6: $6,100Incremental cost if phytotechnology carried out on all eight fields: $22,800 (based on 3.74 ha spreadable landfarm)
Conclusions
• Incremental hydrocarbon reduction with phytotechnologies is greater than the incremental cost.• Landfarming and phytotechnologies reduce non-targeted compounds.• Phytotechnologies enable hydrocarbon reduction at inaccessible, to normal landfarm technology, soil depths.• Phytotechnologies do make a pretty picture.
Incremental Hydrocarbon Removal in 2006
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Phytotechnology Driven Hydrocarbon Removal
Incr
emen
tal R
emov
al o
f Hyd
roca
rbon
(%)
Top-soilSub-soilCombined