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Anthropologie et Sociétés

Les politiques de l'identité. Nationalisme, patriotisme etmulticulturalismeHeribert Adam

Pouvoirs de l’ethnicitéVolume 19, Number 3, 1995

URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/015371arDOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/015371ar

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Publisher(s)Département d'anthropologie de l'Université Laval

ISSN0702-8997 (print)1703-7921 (digital)

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Cite this articleAdam, H. (1995). Les politiques de l'identité. Nationalisme, patriotisme etmulticulturalisme. Anthropologie et Sociétés, 19(3), 87–109.https://doi.org/10.7202/015371ar

Article abstractThe Politics of ldentityNationalisai, Patriotism, and MulticulturalismNationalism can best be understood as politicized ethnicity. This mobilizationof culture and shared historical tradition correlates generally with increasedeconomie competition and downward mobility. Political insecurity, statusanxieties and doubts about individual identity are translated into a loss ofcollective worthiness. Nationalism promises to restore dignity and extinguishhumiliation, according to specifie group histories. Racism is not a necessaryingredient of nationalism but ethnocentrism and exclusion of " the other "usually accompany the construction of imagined boundaries between " us "and " them ". Various theories of nationalism are reviewed, includingprimordial and sociobiological conceptualisations of ethnie solidarity askinship nepotism. Political mobilization by nationalist elites andsocio-historical causes of real or imagined grievances explains better whypeople attach themselves to ethnie groups in some situations but choosecosmopolitan individualism in other contexts. Inclusive patriotism based oncitizenship, regardless of descent remains the only emotional glue thatfacilities both equality and loyalty in multi-ethnic states.