Dr. M.P. Mathur

Directorate of Distance Education

Kurukshetra University,

Kurukshetra

DDEProgramme

Class:

B.A. I

Subject:

Economics

Lesson: 4

le&lhekUr rqf"Vxq.k dk fu;e¼Law of Equi-Marginal Utility½

• Hkwfedk ¼Introduction½miHkksDrk dh vk; lhfer gS] ijUrq mldh vko';drk,a vlhfer gSA

og viuh lEiw.kZ vko';drkvksa dks rks iwjk ugha dj ldrk] blfy, og bruk

vo'; gh pkgsxk fd ftruh Hkh mldh vk; gks] mldk vf/kd ls vf/kd ykHk

gksA bl lEcU/k esa miHkksDrk ds lkeus ;g iz'u mBrk gS fd og viuh

HkkSfrd vk; dk fofHkUu oLrqvksa ij fdl izdkj forj.k djsA bl iz'u dk

mrj gesa le&lhekUr rqf"Vxq.k ds fu;e esa feyrk gSA ;g fu;e crykrk gS fd

vf/kdre lUrqf"V izkIr djus ds fy, miHkksDrk dks fofHkUu oLrqvksa ij viuh

vk; dk forj.k bl izdkj djuk pkfg, fd izR;sd oLrq ij O;; dh xbZ eqnzk

dh vfUre bdkbZ ls mi;ksfxrk leku gksA bl fu;e dks xkSlu dk f}rh;

miHkksx fu;e ¼Gossen's Second Law of Consumption½ Hkh dgk tkrk

gS] D;ksafd loZizFke mUgksaus gh bldk mYys[k fd;k Fkk MkW- ek'kZy us bl fu;e

dks le&lhekUr mi;ksfxrk dk fu;e dk uke fn;k vkSj rRi'pkr~ fofHkUu

vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa us bls fofHkUu ukeksa ls iqdkjk gSA

le&lhekUr rqf"Vxq.k dk fu;e¼Law of Equi-Marginal Utility½

fu;e ds fofHkUu uke ¼Various Names of the Law½

bl fu;e dk ikyu djus ls miHkksDrk viuh vk; ls vf/krde

lUrqf"V izkIr dj ldrk gS] vr% bls vf/kdre lUrqf"V dk fu;e

¼Law of Maximum Satisfaction½ dgk x;k gSA

bl fu;e dks izfrLFkkiu dk fu;e ¼Law of Substitution½ Hkh dgrs

gSA ;g blfy, fd miHkksDrk viuh vk; ls vf/krde lUrqf"V izkIr

djus ds fy, de&lhekUr mi;ksfxrk okyh oLrqvksa dk vf/kd lhekUr

mi;ksfxrk okyh oLrqvksa ls izfrLFkkiu djrk gSA

bl fu;e dks mfpr O;; dk fu;e ¼Law of Economy of

Expenditure½ Hkh dgrs gS D;ksafd miHkksDrk viuh vk; dk mfpr

jhfr ls O;; dj ldrk gSA

bl fu;e dks foosd'khy miHkksDrk dk fu;e ¼Law of Rational

Consumer½ Hkh dgrs gSA

bl fu;e ds O;kid egRo ds dkj.k izks- jksfcUl us bl fu;e dks

vFkZ'kkL= dk fu;e ¼Law of Economics½ Hkh dgk gSA

fu;e dh ifjHkk"kk ¼Defination of Law½

;fn fdlh Hkh O;fDr ds ikl dksbZ ,slh oLrq gS] ftudss vusd iz;ksx

gksa] rks og ml oLrq dks bu vusd iz;ksxksa esa bl izdkj ckaVsxk fd

bldh lhekUr mi;ksfxrk izR;sd iz;ksx esa leku gksA & izks- ek'kZy

,d x`gLFk viuh lUrqf"V vf/kdre djus ds fy, fofHkUu oLrqvksa ij

O;; dh tkus okyh jkf'k dk foHkktuj bl izdkj djsxk fd izR;sd

oLrq ij O;; fd, tkus okyh eqnzk dh vfUre bdkbZ ls leku

mi;ksfxrk izkIr gksA & izks- fjpMZ th- fyIlh

,d miHkksDrk ml le; vf/kdre lUrqf"V izkIr djrk gS] tc lc

oLrqvksa dh lhekUr mi;ksfxrkvksa ¼rqf"Vxq.k½ rFkk mudh dherksa dk

vuqikr cjkcj gksrk gSA & izks- lSE;qvylu

fu;e dh ekU;rk,a ¼Assemptions of Law½

oLrq ls izkIr mi;ksfxrk dks x.kukokpd la[;kvksa tSls 1]2]3]4-----

bR;kfn la[;kvksa esa ekik tk ldrk gSA

miHkksDrk foosd'khy gS vFkkZr og viuh vk; ls vf/kdre

lUrqf"V izkIr djuk pkgrk gSA

miHkksDrk dks ,d fuf'pr vk; dk O;; djuk gksrk gSA

eqnzk dh lhekUr mi;ksfxrk fLFkj jgrh gSA

miHkksDrk dh :fp rFkk QS'ku vkfn esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha gksrkA

oLrq dks NksVh bdkbZ;ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

miHkksDrk dks fofHkUu oLrqvksa ls feyus okyh mi;ksfxrk dk

iwjk&iwjk Kku gksrk gSA

?kVrh lhekUr mi;ksfxrk dk fu;e ykxw gksrk gSA

fu;e dh O;k[;k ¼Explanation of Law½ ;g fu;e] vk; ds O;; ls vf/kdre lUrqf"V izkIr djus esa

miHkksDrk dk ekxZ n'kZu djrk gSA bl fu;e dh O;k[;k ,d mnkgj.k

}kjk dh tk ldrh gSA eku yhft, miHkksDrk dh lhfer vk; ikap :i,

gSA bl lhfer vk; dks og nks oLrqvksa X vkSj Y ij bl izdkj [kpZ

djuk pkgrk gS rkfd mldks vf/kdre lUrqf"V izkIr gks ldsA bldh

O;k[;k fuEufyf[kr rkfydk }kjk dh tk ldrh gSA

rkfydk le&lhekUr mi;ksfxrk dk fu;e ¼Law of Equi-Marginal Utility½

eqnzk dh bdkbZ;k

oLrq X dh lhekUr mi;ksfxrk

oLrq X dh lhekUr mi;ksfxrk

igyh bdkbZq 24 20

nw,jh bdkbZ 20 60 16 36

rhljh bdkbZ 16 12

pkSFkh bdkbZ 12 8

ikapoh bdkbZ 8 4

bl fu;e dks js[kkfp= ls Hkh n'kkZ;k x;k gS%

GAIN

LOSSMUX MUY

(a) Rupees (b) Rupees

0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 x

Y

24

20

16

12

8

4

2

Y

24

20

16

12

8

4

2

oLrq

X dh lhekUr mi;ksfxrk

oLrq

Y dh lhekUr mi;ksfxrk

vk/kqfud vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa us bl fu;e dh O;k[;k ,d u, <ax ls dh gS] ftlds vk/kkj ij bls vkuqikfrdrk dk fu;e dgk tkrk gSA bl O;k[;k ds vuqlkj miHkksDrk dks vf/kdre lUrqf"V rc izkIr gksrh gS tc og viuh vk; dks fofHkUu oLrqvksa ij bl izdkj [kpZ djs] fd fofHkUu olrqvksa ls izkIr lhekUr mi;ksfxrkvksa rFkk mudh dherksa ds vuqikr esa lekurk gksaA

oLrq X dh lhekUr mi;ksfxrkekSfnzd O;; dh lhekUr =

mi;ksfxrk oLrq X dh dherMux Muy Muz Mun

vr% = = = =

Px Py Pz Pn

fu;e dh vk/kqfud O;k[;k ¼Modern Version of the Law½

fu;e dk egRo ¼Importance of Law½

Le&lhekUr mi;ksfxrk ds fu;e dk vFkZ'kkL= esa cgqr egRo gSA

izks-ek'kZy ds 'kCnksa esa] ^^izfrLFkkiu dk fu;e vFkZ'kkL= ds yxHkx lHkh

{ks=ksa ij ykxw gksrk gSA

miHkksx esa egRo ¼Importance in Consumption½

mRiknu ds {ks= esa egRo ¼Importance in Production½

forj.k esa egRo ¼Importance in Distribution½

fofue; {ks= esa egRo ¼Importance in Exchange½

jktLo esa egRo ¼Importance in Public Finance½

vk; cpr ,oa miHkksx esa caVokjk ¼Allocation of Income Between

Savings And Consumption½

fons'kh O;kikj esa egRo ¼Importance in Foreign Trade½

ifjlEifr;ksa dk forj.k ¼Distribution of Assets½

• le&lhekUr rqf"Vxq.k ds fu;e dh vkykspuk

¼Criticism of the Law of Equi-Marginal Utility½ miHkksDrk iw.kZr;k foosd'khy ugha gSA ¼Consumer is not Completely

Rational½

miHkksDrk dk vKku ¼Ignoreance of the Consumer½

inkFkksZ dh vfoHkkT;rk ¼Individuality of Goods½

mi;ksfxrk dk eki lEHko ugha gS ¼Utility is not measurable½

QS'ku] jhfr&fjoktksa rFkk vknr dk izHkko ¼Influence of fashion,

customs and habits½

dherksa esa ifjorZu ¼Change in Prices½

eqnzk dk lhekur mi;ksfxrk esa ifjorZu ¼Change in marginal utility of

Money½

fuf'pr le; vof/k ugha ¼No Fixed period½

oLrqvksa dh deh ¼Shortage of goods½

iwjd oLrq,a ¼Complementary Goods½

vfuf'pr ctV vof/k ¼Indefinite budget period½

/kU;okn