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8/21/2019 Legal Medicine - Abortion, Birth and Infanticide
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ABORTIONABORTION BIRTHBIRTHandand
INFANTICIDEINFANTICIDE
ABORTIONABORTION BIRTHBIRTHandand
INFANTICIDEINFANTICIDE
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Concepts of Abortion:
• Expulsion of thecontents of agravid uterusanytime before
full term
• Forcible expulsionof the products ofconception beforethe age of viability
AGE OF VIABILI!"
fetus is potentially ableto live outside the
mother’s womb albeitwith respiratory aid
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Legal Concept of Abortion:
# willful killing ofthe fetus in theuterus, or violentexpulsion of thefetus from thematernal wombwhich results in
the death of thefetus.
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clinical types of abortion:
missed abortion $ ovum is destroyed byhemorrhage into the choriospace
threatened abortion – hemorrhage %ithoutdilatation of the cervical os
inevitable abortion – hemorrhage %ith
dilatation of the internal os andpresence of rhythmical pain
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&A'(E( of ABO)IO* abnormality of
the uterus
fetal death
emotional
instability
abortifacient
drugs
hormonal
deficiency trauma
hyperpyrexic
diseases
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complete abortion
◦ he %hole
product ofconception isexpelled
incomplete abortion
◦ *ot all productsof conceptionare expelled
from the uterus
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The crie of abortion !n"er theRE#I$ED %ENAL CODE
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Art& '(): INTENTIONAL
ABORTIONElements:
◦ Woman is pregnant
◦ That violence was applied, or drug was administered
◦ That the fetus dies or is expelled
◦ That the offender has the intention
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Art& '(*: +NINTENTIONAL
ABORTION
Elements"
◦ Woman is pregnant
◦ Violence was appliedon her without the
intention of aborting
her
◦ Abortion resulted
from the violence
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Art& '(,: ABORTION %RACTICED B- THE.O/AN HER$ELF OR B- HER %ARENT$
Elements:
◦ the woman ispregnant
◦ abortion is intended
to be committed
as induced by:
◦
the woman herself◦ other persons with
consent of the woman
◦ parents of the woman
for the purpose ofconcealing dishonor
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Art. 259: ABORTION PRACTICED BY A
PHYSICIAN OR MIDWIFE AND
DISPENSING OF ABORTIVES
• The woman is pregnant
• The physician induced or
assisted in causing the
abortion with the use of
scientific knowledge
•
There was intent
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0in"s of Abortion
spontaneousspontaneous
inducedinduced
◦ TherapeuticTherapeutic
◦ riminalriminal
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1ro!n"s for THERA%E+TIC ABORTION
cardiovascular condit!ons
renal conditions
advanced koch"sblood conditions and severe anemia
gynecological conditions
diabetes, exopthalmic goiterhereditary insanity
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LE1AL 2+$TIFICATION to THERA%E+TIC ABORTION
ART& 334 No& 54 R%C
◦ An6 person 7ho4 in or"er to a8oi" an e8il orin9!r64 "oes an act 7hich ca!ses "aage toanother4 pro8i"e" that the & re;!isites arepresent:
◦ That the e8il so!ght to be a8oi"e" act!all6 e<ists
◦ The in9!r6 feare" be greater than that "one toa8oi" it
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$afeg!ar"s in perforing THERA%E+TICABORTION
Licensed +hysician
+erformed to savethe life of the
mother
,ust be performedopenly in a
hospital setting
(ecure the
opinions of otherphysicians
Enlightened or
Expressed&onsent
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.h6 Do .oen %roc!re Abortion
-. o preserve life and health
/. o terminate prematurelyillegitimate pregnancy inorder to conceal dishonor
0. Financial di1culty
2. o preserve body form
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HO. ABORTION I$ IND+CED
#E$E%A& V!'&E$E
Severe pressureon theabdomen
Violent exercises
CuppingLeeches
&'A& V!'&E$E
Warm and cold douche
Inection of !uid intothe uterine cavit"
Luminaria or tangletent
Insertion of soft rubber Instrumentation
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.h6 is it "i=c!lt to prosec!te %h6sicians >
3& The crie is perfore" clan"estinel6
'& The ph6sician a6 ha8e se8eral e"icalreasons to 9!stif6 the proce"!re
?& The corp!s "elicti is easil6 "iscar"e"
5& The 7oan herself is in conni8ance 7iththe ph6sician
(& L!@e7ar attit!"e of the e"ical
societ6 to assist the state
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2!stication of ABORTION LA.$
Life begins fro theoent of conception
In a pre"oinantl6
Catholic societ64 abortionis consi"ere" sinf!l4 illicitan" contrar6 to the tenets&
1o" create" an an" Healone can "estro6 it
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LIBERALIT- OF ABORTION LA.$
• The rich can aor" a clan"estine4 illegal b!tsafe abortion as against the poor perforingit !n"er highris@ sit!ations
• $tatistics sho7 that chil"ren born res!ltingfro th7arte" abortion en" !p entall6 an"ph6sicall6 ipaire"
• It 8iolates a 7oans right of pri8ac6
• %re"ictabilit6 of fetal stat!s
• The abortion tren" is in consonance 7ithsol8ing o8erpop!lation
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BI)3BI)3
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LE1AL $I1NIFICANCE OF BIRTH:
• Art( )*, $ Art( )*, $ – +irth determines
personality but the
conceived child shall beconsidered born for allpurposes that are favorable to it, provided it be bornlater with the conditions
specified in the ff( article(
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Art( )-, $.or civil purposes, the fetusis considered born if it isalive at the time it iscompletely delivered from
the mother"s womb(/owever, if the fetus had anintra0uterine life of lessthan 1 months, it is notdeemed born if it dies within
2) hrs( after its delivery(
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Art( 13*, $
Every donation inter vivos
made by a person having no
children4 may be revokedor reduced4 if the donor,after the donation, haschildren, even though theybe posthumous(
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Concepts of BIRTH:
5E6!!$E:The entire delivery of
a child with or without its
separation from the body
of the mother
It is not necessar6that the cor" sho!l"ha8e been c!t or theplacenta e<pelle"
The cessation ofthe s6biotic
relation bet7eenother an" fet!s
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$TILL BIRTH$TILL BIRTH
4hen the child hasnot breathed or hasnot sho%n any signsof life after beingcompletely born
• A78E8:
– !mmaturity
– ongenital diseases – 6ebilitating
diseases
– 6isease of the
generative organ – Accidents in 6elivery
– Violence
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LI#E BIRTH• +)OOF( of LIFE"
–
/eart activity – 5ovement and crying – %espiration
• chest arching• fall of the level of
the diaphragm• lung expansion" overlapping heart
and thymus gland voluminous and
mottled
crepitations %ithfroth ,arble loo5
!n &AW, the presumption!n &AW, the presumption
is every newborn childis every newborn childfound dead was bornfound dead was born
dead(dead(
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H-DRO$TATIC TE$T
• FO6E)E7( test
• (AI& test!ntroduction of air into!ntroduction of air into
the lungs will lower thethe lungs will lower the
specific gravityspecific gravity
• En0+ulk immersion
• 9iece05eal immersion
•
uery: What aboutputrefaction;
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.hen is H-DRO$TATIC TE$T not necessar6>
!ntra0uterine life of less than -<* days!ntra0uterine life of less than -<* days
5onster fetus5onster fetus
8eparated umbilical cord8eparated umbilical cordicatri=ed umbilicusicatri=ed umbilicus
oagulated milk in the stomachoagulated milk in the stomach
!ntrauterine fetal maceration!ntrauterine fetal maceration
!ntra0uterine life of less than -<* days!ntra0uterine life of less than -<* days
5onster fetus5onster fetus
8eparated umbilical cord8eparated umbilical cord
icatri=ed umbilicusicatri=ed umbilicus
oagulated milk in the stomachoagulated milk in the stomach
!ntrauterine fetal maceration!ntrauterine fetal maceration
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E8+A*6E6
$aller 8ol!e$harpl6pro9ecte" e"ges
be6on" th6!s an" heart+nifor "ar@ color or
p!rplish gra6$oli" feelOn section4 8er6 little
bloo" e<!"es5()( gs&H6"rostatic test G
/icro: collapse" air sacs
'*E8+A*6E6
• 1reater 8ol!e• E"ges ro!n"e" an"
co8ers the th6!s an"heart
• Bright 8erilion an"ottle" l!ngs
• $pong6 an" crepitant• Bloo"staine" froth6
ser! e<!"es ons;!eeing
•
J – 34 gs&• H6"rostatic test GK• /icro: e<pan"e" air sacs
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Other TE$T$:
• 'n still0born: stomachonly contains mucous
• After respiration: mucous,
air bubbles and saliva
(O,A&39BO4ELE(
FLOAAIO* E(
+%E8&A7"8 8E'$6
&!.E test4)E6I*7( E(""
i""le ear is lle" 7ithgelatino!s4 ebr6onicconnecti8e tiss!e
• (5in $ bright redin color
•
Vital reactions inmar5s ofviolence
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$igns of at!rit6 of the chil" AT BIRTH:
• Length ( c&M .eight ? @g&
• Lan!go absentM bo"6 pl!p
• #erni< caseosaM no facial 7rin@les• Hair abo!t ' in& long
• Fingernails pro9ect4 toenails no
• Testic!lar "escent on one or both
• #!l8a close" b6 labia
• Lo7er en" of fe!r sho7sossication b6 abo!t &) c&
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NEONATICIDE
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Art. 255, RPC: INFANTICIDEthe @illing of a chil" less than ? "a6s ol"
%enalt6 ipose":
◦ +arricide :Art. /2;<
◦
,urder :Art. /2=<
• Lesser penalty ifcommitted by themother to conceal
her dishonor• Or by the maternal
grandparents> or either
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/oti8es for coittingINFANTICIDE:
o conceal family dishonor
Financial constraints
Ine?ective family planning
&ongenital abnormality
+arental mental abnormality
Belief of @arma
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Ho7 the crie of INFANTICIDE iscoitte":
'mission or $eglect
◦ Fail!re to ligate the!bilical cor"
◦ to protect the chil"fro heat or col"
◦ to sec!re e"icalor parae"ical help
◦ to fee"
◦ Acci"ental s!ocation
ommission
◦ Inicting ph6sicalin9!ries
◦ Deliberate e<pos!reto heat or col"
◦ Dro7ning4s!ocation or
strang!lation◦ %oisoning
◦ B!rning