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PD.4620470.1 LEED Certification Litigation: Emerging Risks Minimizing Liability Through Green Building Contracts and Effective Insurance Coverage THURSDAY, JANUARY 6, 2011 APPENDIX I – LEED and GreenRelated Litigation Builders Association of Twin Cities v. Minnesota Green Star, District Court, Second Judicial District, Ramsey County, Minnesota (filed December 9, 2010). Plaintiff, Builders Association of the Twin Cities (“BATC”), a former and founding member of the defendant nonprofit organization, Minnesota Green Star (“Green Star”), sued Green Star alleging that: (a) Green Star’s continued use of “Green Homebuilding Guidelines” developed by BATC is in violation of BATC’s intellectual property rights; and (b) Green Star is in default and breach of a Promissory Note between the parties. The suit seeks a declaratory judgment that BATC retains sole property rights to the Guidelines, an injunction enjoining Green Star from licensing or otherwise using, selling or transferring the Guidelines (as allegedly planned by Green Star) and monetary breach of contract damages for Green Star’s alleged default on the Note. The trial court granted a TRO on December 13, 2010 restricting Green Star’s use of the Guidelines, with a hearing regarding permanent injunction reportedly set for January 24, 2011. Henry Gifford, et al. v. U.S. Green Building Council, et al., U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, 107747 (filed October 8, 2010). Class action lawsuit filed against USGBC by longtime critic Henry Gifford alleging damages and/or injunctive relief under the Sherman Act, Lanham Act, RICO, New York state deceptive trade practices and false advertising statutes and unjust enrichment under New York state law. Claims are centered on the allegation that USGBC misrepresents efficacy of LEED from an energy savings standpoint. Among other things, plaintiffs allege that USGBC misrepresents the results of a 2008 study performed for the USGBC by NBI Buildings Institute by stating that the study indicates that LEED buildings are performing 2530% better than nonLEED buildings without qualifying the results to reference the limitations of the study. 1 Pursuant to a January 4, 2011 stipulation, parties agreed to February 7, 2011 deadline for plaintiffs to file an amended complaint and an April 6, 2011 deadline for defendants to file responsive pleadings. 1 See Cathy Turner and Mark Frankel, Energy Performance of LEED for New Construction Buildings, Final Report, March 4, 2008, prepared for U.S. Green Building Council and published by NBI Buildings Institute.

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PD.4620470.1

LEED Certification Litigation: Emerging Risks  Minimizing Liability Through Green Building Contracts and Effective Insurance Coverage 

THURSDAY, JANUARY 6, 2011

APPENDIX I – LEED and Green‐Related Litigation 

Builders Association of Twin Cities v. Minnesota Green Star, District Court, Second Judicial District, Ramsey County, Minnesota (filed December 9, 2010). 

•  Plaintiff,  Builders Association  of  the  Twin Cities  (“BATC”),  a  former  and founding  member  of  the  defendant  non‐profit  organization,  Minnesota Green  Star  (“Green  Star”),  sued Green  Star  alleging  that:  (a) Green  Star’s continued use of  “Green Homebuilding Guidelines” developed by BATC  is in violation of  BATC’s intellectual property rights; and (b) Green Star is in default  and  breach  of  a  Promissory Note  between  the  parties.    The  suit seeks a declaratory judgment that BATC retains sole property rights to the Guidelines, an injunction enjoining Green Star from licensing or otherwise using, selling or transferring the Guidelines (as allegedly planned by Green Star)  and monetary  breach  of  contract  damages    for Green  Star’s  alleged default on the Note.   The trial court granted a TRO on December  13, 2010 restricting  Green  Star’s  use  of  the  Guidelines,  with  a  hearing  regarding permanent injunction reportedly set for January 24, 2011.         

Henry  Gifford,  et  al.  v.  U.S.  Green  Building  Council,  et  al., U.S. District  Court  for  the Southern District of New York, 10‐7747 (filed October 8, 2010). 

•  Class action  lawsuit  filed against USGBC by  longtime critic Henry Gifford alleging damages and/or  injunctive relief under the Sherman Act, Lanham Act, RICO, New York  state deceptive  trade practices and  false advertising statutes  and  unjust  enrichment  under  New  York  state  law.    Claims  are centered on the allegation that USGBC misrepresents efficacy of LEED from an  energy  savings  standpoint.   Among  other  things,  plaintiffs  allege  that USGBC misrepresents the results of a 2008 study performed for the USGBC by NBI  Buildings  Institute  by  stating  that  the  study  indicates  that  LEED buildings are performing 25‐30% better  than non‐LEED buildings without qualifying the results to reference the limitations of the study.1  Pursuant to a January 4, 2011 stipulation, parties agreed to February 7, 2011 deadline for plaintiffs  to  file  an  amended  complaint  and  an April  6,  2011  deadline  for defendants to file responsive pleadings. 

1 See Cathy Turner and Mark Frankel, Energy Performance of LEED for New Construction Buildings, Final 

Report, March  4,  2008, prepared  for  U.S.  Green  Building  Council  and  published  by  NBI  Buildings Institute. 

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Building Industry Association of Washington, et al. v. Washington State Building Council, et al., U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington No. 3:10‐cv‐05373 (filed May 25, 2010). 

• Industry pre‐emption challenge to Washington state building energy code asserting  that  the  minimum  energy  efficiency  standards  for  HVAC equipment, water heaters and other major appliances/equipment set  forth in  the  Energy  Policy  and  Conservation  Act  (“EPCA”)  pre‐empt  state legislation.  Plaintiffs seek to strike the building energy code in its entirety.  State  defendants  and  intervenors  have  pending  motion  for  summary judgment which,  if granted, would uphold  the code.   Comment: The pre‐emption  challenges  made  in  this  case  and  in  City  of  Albuquerque  (see below) are significant given the  impact that a holding  in favor of plaintiffs would have on green building codes, including those promulgated pursuant to  ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC  Standard  189.1  and/or  the  International  Green Construction Code.     

Steven Gidumal and Allison Keely  v. Site 16/17 Development, LLC, et al., Supreme Court of New York, New York County, No. 10/105958 (filed May 6, 2010). 

•  Owners of unit in Riverhouse condominium complex in New York City sued developers,  project  architect  and  project  engineer  seeking  recovery  of damages related to a variety of alleged construction defects   and asserting claims of negligence, breach of contract, fraud, negligent misrepresentation and,  with  respect  to  architect,  professional  malpractice.    Allegations concerning  “insufficient  heat”  state  that  although  the  building  “was marketed as being the cutting edge of ‘green’ technology” and “supposedly a LEED Gold‐related building  featuring  fresh  filtered air,  filtered water, eco‐friendly materials and  is designed  for  low energy consumption,” plaintiffs’ forensic  engineers  found  significant  deviations  from  USGBC  and  LEED standards  with  regard  to  “cumulative  size  of  holes  and  cracks  allowing infiltration  of  cold  air.”    Comment:  Plaintiffs’  allegations  that  architect’s  failure to notice alleged defects and/or certification of pay applications for purportedly substandard work amount to negligence, malpractice and even fraud  illustrate risk of potential litigation aimed at design professional even where  LEED  credits  and/or  building  deficiencies  at  issue  appear  to  be within contractor’s means and methods or otherwise construction‐related.   

 

 

 

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Destiny USA Holdings, LLC v. Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp., 69 A.D.3d 212, 889 N.Y.S.2d  793  (2009)  (suit  filed  June  9,  2009;  appellate  opinion  rendered November  13, 2009). 

•  In a 3‐2 decision, intermediate appellate court affirmed trial court’s granting of an injunction which required specific performance of a construction loan agreement  for  a  “green”  shopping  center/tourist  attraction  project  in Syrecuse, N.Y., thereby forcing the  lender to fund remaining draws sought by  the plaintiff.    In  so holding,  the  court  found  that  an  exception  to  the “irreparable injury” rule was warranted due, in part, to the project’s “unique character,”  citing  the  defendant’s  own  description  of  it  as  a  “visionary project”  which  set  a  “new  financing  paradigm  for  green  economic development” by using newly created Federal Green Bonds along with other public and private financing.  The court also found that an exception from the  irreparable  injury  rule  was  further  warranted  due  to  the  “enormous potential  for harm  to  [the plaintiff’s] reputation and  the reputation of  the entire ‘Destiny USA’ project” if the defendant did not fund the construction draws  sought  by  the  plaintiff  so  that  the  project  could  be  completed.  Comment:  Extension of this holding would significantly increase litigation risks  of  LEED  and  other  green  building  projects  due  to  availability  of injunctive  relief  and/or  specific performance  in place of or  in  addition  to monetary damages.    

Northland Pines High School Certification Dispute (appeal of LEED Gold certification filed December 23, 2008; USGBC denying appeal on April 27, 2010)  

  •  See slides. 

The Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute, et al. v. City of Albuquerque, U.S. District Court for the District of New Mexico, No. 08‐633 (suit filed July 3, 2008). 

•  Industry  pre‐emption  challenge  to  the Albuquerque  Energy Conservation Act  (“AECA”) based on  the EPCA.   The AECA  sets  forth prescriptive  and performance  based  compliance  paths  that,  per  plaintiffs,  set  minimum energy efficiency standards  for HVAC equipment, water heaters and other products that are more stringent than applicable federal product standards.     On October  3,  2008,  the  district  court  entered  a  preliminary  injunction enjoining enforcement of the AECA and stating that “development of a full record” was  required  to determine  pre‐emption    (See  2008 WL  5586316).  Despite  first  finding  that  a  temporary  injunction was warranted  because plaintiffs’ challenge stood a “substantial likelihood of success,” in an Order entered on September 30, 2010, the court denied summary  judgment as to the  two  performance  based  code  provisions  (while  granting  summary judgment as to the prescriptive path) due to plaintiffs’ failure to establish a record supporting their challenge.  Plaintiffs face a January 14, 2011 deadline 

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to re‐file their motions  for summary  judgments and associated scheduling deadlines  running  through  the  first  half  of  2011.    Comment:  The  pre‐emption  challenges made  in  this  case  and  in Washington  State  Building Code  Council  (see  above)  are  significant  because  of  the  impact  that  a holding in favor of plaintiffs would have on green building codes, including those  promulgated  pursuant  to  ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC  Standard  189.1 and/or the International Green Construction Code.     

Washington Nationals Park Payment Dispute 

• Payment dispute in LEED project (Nationals Park) centered on when project was “substantially complete.”  Settled in October 2008.

Southern Builders, Inc. v. Shaw Development, LLC, Circuit Court, Somerset County, Maryland No. 19‐C‐07‐11405 (filed and settled in 2007) 

  •  See slides. 

 

 

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