LEDs in Brazil Case Studies - The Climate Group...—Up to 50% reduction in energy usage (Currently 20.5 GWh / yr). —Allow dimming to any level of light output with a corresponding

LEDs in Brazil – Case Studies

—Banco Mundial / IFC

—Universidade de Sao Paulo / USP

—AES Eletropaulo


BANCO MUNDIAL / IFC

Luiz A. T. Maurer

Megan Mayer


UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO / USP

Enea Neri

Paulo Strazzi


AES ELETROPAULO

Fernando Bacellar


International – Case Studies

Dr Peter Curley

Eg. Los Angeles, Birmingham, Gloucestershire Council (UK)

London, Dubai / Abu Dhabi event findings

International – Case Studies

China / USA: History of early LED failures due to early to market low quality products

Hong Kong: A 2-3 yr service cycle / strong public opinion / extreme weather issues

Australia: Reduced lighting specification weakened business case

Dubai: Concerns of high Wattage LED operation in high temperatures.

Canada: Large contracts requires multiple suppliers drive standardisation

USA / CEE: Asset ownership of lighting utilities may have limited incentive to change

Eg. Spare capacity at night used for lighting, limited incentive to be more energy efficient.

Uni Kingdom: In England: (5yr payback schemes) vrs Scotland (8yr payback schemes)PLG – Aligning schemes of funding, and giving support to develop business cases.

Brazil: Transfer of asset ownership and operational responsibility

LED Consultation: Examples of Regional issues

USA - Resource Knowledge Base:

Department of Energy

LED Street Lighting – North America

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/factsheets.html

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/consortium.html

Fact Sheets / Case Studies

Municipal Solid State Street Lighting Consortium

Case Study: Los Angeles

Underlying Goals

• To improve quality of light

• To convert 140,000 out of 210,000 streetlights to LED:

• Total cost : USD 57 million (loan USD 40 million)

• Expected payback – 7 years

• To reduce energy consumption by 60%

• Energy Savings : USD 7.5 million/year & 68,000 MWh/year

• Maintenance Savings : USD 2.5 million/year

• To reduce 40,500 tons of CO2/year

• To install Remote Monitoring System

• To add dimming capability

Refs: Leotek and Dept of Public Works (LA) https://www.mwcog.org/environment/streetlights/downloads/CCI%20Case%20Study%20Los%20Angeles%20LED%20Retrofit.pdf

Early Case Study

Progress Updates


Ref: http://www.forbes.com/sites/justingerdes/2013/01/25/los-angeles-saves-millions-with-led-street-light-deployment/

City Achievements

LED Installations: ……………… 110,000Range of LED Wattages/Sizes.

Color Temperature:…………..… 4000K

Warranty:………………………... 6 years

Lumen Maintenance:……………70% at 50k hrs

Energy Saving Target:…………..>40-45%

Operating temperature………….-20 ~ +50℃Min. CRI…………………………..65

Luminaire weight (incl. driver)….<12kg*

Luminaire efficacy ………………68 lm/W min*.

Etc…

http://bsl.lacity.org/led-contractors-vendors.html

http://bsl.lacity.org/downloads/led/municipalities-utilities/LED_General_Specs_main.htm

*HPS 400W equivalent as of Mar 2012

LED summary

http://bsl.lacity.org/led-contractors-vendors.html

http://bsl.lacity.org/downloads/led/municipalities-utilities/LED_General_Specs_main.htm

Los Angeles – Quick References:

Refs: Leotek and Dept of Public Works (LA)


Ref: http://www.forbes.com/sites/justingerdes/2013/01/25/los-angeles-saves-millions-with-led-street-light-deployment/

Los Angeles Saves Millions With LED Street Light Deployment

‘Trust but Verify’Not all claims manufacturers make are true

Reality versus TheoryThe change from HPS to white light with LEDs is being perceived

as a significant increase in lighting levels

Energy Savings are RealAs LEDs improve, and the manufacturers develop the technology,

the energy savings are being realized and continue to increase.

Improved VisibilityThe change from HPS to white light has improved visibility as

noticed by residents and encouraged by the Police Department.

European Union

—Set targets to increase energy efficiency by 20% by 2020.

—90 million traditional streetlights in Europe

—75% are over 25 years old

UK Street Lighting:

—7.4 million streetlights in the UK

—Streetlights currently emit 1.3m tonnes of CO2*

—Less than 10% are using low energy LED

—30% of a local authority’s energy bill is for street lighting

—50-80% energy savings are possible for each authority

—£200m annual energy cost saving possible

—Finance models exist – self-funding, PPPs, ESCOs and leasing.

Street Lighting - UK

LED Adoption

Growing list of

Cities:

Birmingham

Sheffield

Glasgow

Edinburgh

Manchester

Liverpool* ~(> ½ m cars)

Case Study: Birmingham (UK)

Birmingham is the UKs second largest city with a population of

1.1m. The local council has one of the largest annual budgets

in the whole of Europe.

95,107 street luminaires to be replaced. 50% of these in the

first 5 year core investment period.

LED upgrade forms part of a much larger highways and

maintenance contract, costing £2.7bn and operating over 25yrs

Funded by a PPP, with Amey UK as the service provider.

Ref: Amey UK – Eurocities presentation – Feb 2014

“ In the UK we are starting to see the ‘domino’ effect

with more and more councils looking at LEDs ”

Case Study: Birmingham (UK)

Wireless Centralised Management System (CMS) adopted.

— Operators use controls to adjust lighting levels remotely in real time via wireless, according to what

is happening in the surrounding area.

Achieving savings of 50% in energy efficiency and cost (~£2m / yr) through:

— Increased optical output control

— Ability to dim street lights (with scope for additional dimming)

— Increased lighting reliability and reduced maintenance costs.

Light directionality provides more uniform lighting appearance

— Improving visibility

— Reduced sky glow

— Increased community safety – road users, pedestrians, cyclists etc.Ref: Amey UK – Eurocities presentation – Feb 2014

With 60,000 street lights consuming 20.5 GWh of electricity annually at a cost of £2m, and

makes up 53% of the county estate CO2 footprint.

— The Council adopted a Carbon Reduction target, 60% by 2020/21.

— Electricity costs are rising sharply, (57% of service spend).

— Initial energy efficiency projects - (dimming main roads, rural part-night lighting, some LEDs)

— Further energy reduction requires significant investment.

Not replacing the street lights would lead to an unsustainable, declining lighting service.

— Increased litigation risk from road and community safety impacts.

— Reputation impacts.

— Risk to night-time economy.

— Increasing liability under the Carbon Reduction Commitment Energy Efficiency Scheme, Phase 2

onwards (April 2014), and inability to meet CO2 reduction target.

Case Study: Gloucestershire (UK)

http://www.gltb.org.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=55004&p=0

Gloucestershire has been dimming lights on main roads and implemented partial night

lighting. Exploring LED benefits:

— Up to 50% reduction in energy usage (Currently 20.5 GWh / yr).

— Allow dimming to any level of light output with a corresponding decrease in energy use.

— Low maintenance’ and 'Fewer faults‘ - 70% reduction in street light lamp maintenance costs‘.

— Better quality of light.

— Reduced light pollution.

July 2014: Gloucestershire County Council is adopting energy efficient LED street lighting.

— Gloucestershire will spend £21 million on replacing street lights over the next five years.

— Seeking contractor to take on the street light replacement and maintenance project worth £32 million

over a maximum of 12 years.

— County council believes making the change will help save £17 million over the next 25 years.

Case Study: Gloucestershire (UK) – LED Adoption

http://www.gloucestershireecho.co.uk/Replacing-Gloucestershire-s-street-lights-LEDs/story-21747895-detail/story.html

April 29th London - Convened 35 key representatives from city councils, service providers, trade

associations, financing organisations and government agencies in central London.

Recognised the need for better centralised advice and guidance for councils

— Support to move forward, checklists, guidance on scope, LEDs, CMS, Smart etc.

— Cities need advice on ideal structuring of finance options / building an internal business case.

Driving better co-ordination within and between neighbouring councils / cities

— Seeking more collaborations to avoid duplication of trials / testing effort.

— Opportunity to negotiate with lighting suppliers and service providers together.

Call for central support for project development

— Higher prioritisation of energy efficient lighting at the government level.

— Policy and incentives promotion within the UK Parliamentary Lighting Group / GIB / SFT.

— Early support for cities to bring in finance/technical consultants to help frame local business case.

— GIB and SFTs call for a centralised resource to help councils move forward.

Consultation: London Event Summary

GIB: Green Investm. Bank

SFT: Scottish Futures Trust

May 29 in Dubai, with the Dubai Supreme Council of Energy (DSCE). Convened 30+

representatives from Dubai municipality, government agencies, product, service, and finance providers.

Focus on addressing LED capability to work at high Wattages in the extreme heat.

— A fundamental remaining barrier to uptake in Dubai and the Middle East.

Understanding how LED lighting fits into the broader city strategy for Dubai.

— Presentations on ‘Demand Side Management Strategy for Dubai’, by the DSCE, the RTA and the

Dubai Municipality.

Presenting solutions, case studies and results from other cities

— Presentations on the principles of LED operation and heat management for LEDs used in the

extreme environments.

— Covered scenarios and specifications for LEDs working reliably in extreme temperatures.

Presented locally applicable Finance Models and business case studies

Consultation: Dubai Event

COFFEE BREAK

COFFEE BREAK

Group Discussion – Workshop. LED Technology

Introduction: The Climate Group

Dr Peter Curley

Group Discussion - Workshop

LEDs – Some Basics

Ref: Dubai Workshop - Abdo Rouhana – May 2014

Light emitted

LED Systems


LED

Package

LED System Reliability

System Reliability

Lumen maintenance projection Reliability of components

Driver:

• Quality Components

• Electrical surges

• Moisture

Useful lifetime of

LED

light sources

Luminaire

lifetime

• Thermal design, quality of

components, power surges,

moisture infiltration, etc..

• Ambient, internal operating

temperatures, drive currentHousing:• Heat sink - LED temperature

• Ingress protection

• Vibrations


LEDs: White Light – Colour Temperature

Warm

white

Neutral

white

Cool

White

Color temperature

(CCT) / Kelvin2670 - 3500 4500 - 3500

4500 –

10000

Color rendering

index CRI90+ 70 70

Efficacy

[lm/W]>110 >120 > 130

Ref: Dubai Workshop - Abdo Rouhana – May 2014 and LEDinsider

For discussion

Examples – Examples of Lumen Depreciation

Ref: LEDsmagazine

Ref: fkk.ru

Helping to Frame LED options

Residential >

City centre

Main Hubs >

Residential >

FROM LED EFFICIENCY ONLY – ON/OFF CONTROLS

‘INTELLIGENT’ LUMINAIRES – BENEFITS FROM

OPTIMISED LED TRIMMING, WITH FIXED ON/OFF TIMERS

AND DIMMERS, NO CENTRALISED CONTROLS

CORE ENERGY SAVINGSEXAMPLE ENERGY

SAVINGS

SMART CONTROLS / FUTURE PROOFING

CENTRAL CITY ‘WIRELESS’ CONTROLS: FLEXIBLE

DIMMING STRATEGIES, PERFORMANCE MONITORING

AND LINKS TO OTHER EXTERNAL CITY SERVICES

ADDITIONAL SERVICES POSSIBLE WITH LIGHTS LINKED

TO TRAFFIC / PUBLIC SENSORS / WEATHER, ETC.

(MANY FUTURE SERVICES STILL UNDEFINED)

LED LUMINAIRES /

LIGHTING

LED LUMINAIRES /

WITH INBUILT DIMMERS

AND TIMERS

LED LUMINAIRES /

WITH CENTRALISED

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

LED LUMINAIRES /

INTEGRATED IN SMART

CITY SERVICES

NETWORK

MINIMAL

ADDITIONAL

ENERGY SAVINGS

Consultation: Centralised Management and ‘Smart’ Technologies

Centralised Management Systems:

• Allow rescheduling of lighting services

• Adjust dimming / trimming

• Monitor energy savings, failures, maintenance

• Can link to other city services

• Future links to ‘Smart’ city concepts

Where are motion sensitive on/off ‘smart’ LED

luminaires really needed ?

Could pre-set ‘intelligent’ LEDs be sufficient for

many residential areas ?

“In residential areas…‘we simply need

the lights to go on and off’ and save

energy….”

CENTRALISED

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CMS

STREET LIGHTING

SMART motion and light

sensors could be installed

where appropriate

PEDESTRIAN

MONITORINGCCTV

SECURITY

MONITORING

WEATHER

SENSORS

RADIATION

MONITORING

SMOKE / FIRE

SENSORS

TRAFFIC FLOW

MONITORING

EVENT

RESPONSE

EMERGENCIES

POLLUTION

MONITORING

OTHER Eg.

GUNSHOT

TRIANGULATION

Consultation: Demonstrating potential energy saving

DOE(link)

Examples of LED

roll-out are growing

Real world data

demonstrating

actual energy savings and

full potential of LEDs

On/Off Smart

Sensor Solution[Not widely applicable in cities

but significant savings

are possible]

Broadly applicable LED

example for cities

[ Energy Use = Areas under the curves ]

LED Consultation: Socio Economic Benefits

Where possible these should be monetized in the LED business case.

‘Well Being’ and Visual Benefits

— Pride: Street lighting is believed to increasing community pride and informal social control

— Mood / Colour lighting: Colour, direction of the lighting can be used to create new ‘atmospheres’

Road / Area Safety

— Reduced traffic accidents, increased personal safety and perception of safety.

— Reduced crime and fear of crime against persons, property, cars. Improved identification on CCTV

Health / Environmental Benefits

— Public health: Reduced night light pollution can be linked to lower cancer rates.

— Healthy ecosystem: Reduced light pollution decreases effects on ecosystems /ecological processes.

— Night Sky: Directionality of LEDs helps reduce night-sky light pollution.

— Environmental: Improved Materials Use, Waste and Recycling / Life cycle

Public Behaviour

— Lighting ‘node’ points around the city areas can increase social interaction at dawn and night times.

— Improved lighting can enhance existing city business and entertainment areas.

— Out- and Indoor lighting can attract new customers for example at retail locations

Economic: Increasing Business (GDP) - ‘The way people operate their business’

— Growth: Attractive, modernised and smart cities can attract new investment

— Product / Store / Business areas: Enhanced colour rendering properties of LEDs, increase the

appeal of city areas, displays, signs

— Better working environment: eg. enhanced environment for outdoor workers, at ports, retail parks,

distribution centres, airports, railway stations etc…

— Flexibility dimming can link to worker hours to optimise the illumination eg. during periods of

increased work activity, and also for police/rescue services at accident / control sites.

— Smart controls/systems transform low skill employees to technology affiliated employees

LED Consultation: Socio Economic Benefits

LED Consultation: Public health concerns, remaining myths

Range of reports

available covering the

use of LEDs, and the

health impacts

DOE(USA): LED products are

no more hazardous than other

lighting technologies that have

the same CCT.

Trafford UK: …the proposed LED Street

Lighting Programme has overall no (neutral)

or a minor positive health and well-being

impact …..compared to the existing type of

street lights being used.

INMETRO

PRESENTATION ON STANDARDS

Speaker: Standards and warranties

— LED Performance: Efficiency, future trends, lumen depreciation…..

— Project selection: Retrofit / Replacement / System Upgrade

— Centralised Management Systems

— Intelligent and Smart technologies

Workshop – Discussion Areas

Discussion

LED Technology

Workshop Discussion – LED Technology

Group Discussion: Business Cases and Financing

—SP Negócios / Prefeitura de Sao Paulo

—Banco Mundial / IFC

—Desenvolve SP / Agência de Desenvolvimento Paulista

Group Discussion

SP NEGÓCIOS – PREFEITURA DE SÃO PAULO

Marco Aurélio Barcelos da Silva

[Speech]

Presentation

World Bank / IFC

Luiz A. T. Maurer

Megan Mayer

Presentation

DESENVOLVE SP / AGÊNCIA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO PAULISTA

Billy Rod Guimarães

Presentation

Group Discussion – Workshop : Business Cases and Financing

Group Discussion - Workshop

Need for initial finance to cover up-front installation and project development costs has been a major

barrier, particularly given pressures on local finances.

The nature and size of funding is heavily dependent on type of scheme undertaken:

Barriers and solutions can often be specific to the type of scheme selected

Risk allocations can be tailored to suit the requirements and individual situations of local authorities

Key lessons on project development and specification, risk transfer, and making best use of all

finance sources can be learned from international ‘early adopters’

Background to Financial Barriers

Eg*. $2m Eg*. $5-10m Eg*. $50m+

*Not limited: For guidance only

Reduced costs for LEDs, improving

performance and rising energy prices

have significantly enhanced the

economics of installing LED lighting

— Typical ‘pay-back’ periods range from

5-15 years

— Length and extent of guarantees has

strengthened

When combined with environmental and

social benefits, a boom in LED take-up

has been expected for some time.

Background to Financial Barriers

Break Even

Initial Fixture Cost

Energy Costs

Replacement and

Maintenance Costs

LED

Savings

LED

Source

Operating Time

Traditional HID source

TO

TA

L C

OS

T

Conclusions / Next Steps / Final Remarks

Conclusions and next steps

Conclusions / Next Steps / Final Remarks

Summary

For further information please contact:

Dr Ben Ferrari, Climate Group;

Email: [email protected]

Dr Peter Curley, Climate Group


Aline Cardoso Barabinot


Bruna Guerrieri, Orbiz


mailto:[email protected]


http://www.theclimategroup.org/

http://www.theclimategroup.org/


Documents

LEDs in Brazil Case Studies - The Climate Group...—Up to 50% reduction in energy usage (Currently 20.5 GWh / yr). —Allow dimming to any level of light output with a corresponding