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LecturePLUS Timberlake 1
Chapter 8Solutions
Solubility
Percent Concentration
Colloids and Suspensions
LecturePLUS Timberlake 2
Solubility
The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a specific amount of solvent usually 100 g.
g of solute
100 g water
LecturePLUS Timberlake 3
Saturated and Unsaturated
A saturated solution contains the maximum
amount of solute that can dissolve.
Undissolved solute remains.
An unsaturated solution does not contain all
the solute that could dissolve
LecturePLUS Timberlake 4
Learning Check S1
At 40C, the solubility of KBr is 80 g/100 g
H2O. Indicate if the following solutions are
(1) saturated or (2) unsaturated
A. ___60 g KBr in 100 g of water at 40C
B. ___200 g KBr in 200 g of water at 40C
C. ___25 KBr in 50 g of water at 40C
LecturePLUS Timberlake 5
Solution S1
At 40C, the solubility of KBr is 80 g/100 g H2O.
Indicate if the following solutions are
(1) saturated or (2) unsaturated
A. 2 Less than 80 g/100 g H2O
B. 1 Same as 100 g KBr in 100 g of water
at 40C, which is greater than its solubility
C. 2 Same as 60 g KBr in 100 g of water,
which is less than its solubility
LecturePLUS Timberlake 6
Temperature and Solubility of Solids
Temperature Solubility (g/100 g H2O)
KCl(s) NaNO3(s)
0° 27.6 74
20°C 34.0 88
50°C 42.6 114
100°C 57.6 182
The solubility of most solids (decreases or increases ) with an increase in the temperature.
LecturePLUS Timberlake 7
Temperature and Solubility of Solids
Temperature Solubility (g/100 g H2O)
KCl(s) NaNO3(s)
0° 27.6 74
20°C 34.0 88
50°C 42.6 114
100°C 57.6 182
The solubility of most solids increases with an increase in the temperature.
LecturePLUS Timberlake 8
Temperature and Solubility of Gases
Temperature Solubility (g/100 g H2O)
CO2(g) O2(g)
0°C 0.34 0.0070
20°C 0.17 0.0043
50°C 0.076 0.0026
The solubility of gases (decreases or increases) with an increase in temperature.
LecturePLUS Timberlake 9
Temperature and Solubility of Gases
Temperature Solubility (g/100 g H2O)
CO2(g) O2(g)
0°C 0.34 0.0070
20°C 0.17 0.0043
50°C 0.076 0.0026
The solubility of gases decreases with an increase in temperature.
LecturePLUS Timberlake 10
Learning Check S2
A. Why would a bottle of carbonated drink
possibly burst (explode) when it is left out
in the hot sun ?
B. Why would fish die in water that gets too warm?
LecturePLUS Timberlake 11
Solution S2
A. Gas in the bottle builds up as the gas becomes less soluble in water at high temperatures, which may cause the bottle to explode.
B. Because O2 gas is less soluble in warm
water, the fish may not obtain the needed
amount of O2 for their survival.
LecturePLUS Timberlake 12
Soluble and Insoluble Salts
A soluble salt is an ionic compound that dissolves in water.
An insoluble salt is an ionic compound that does not dissolve in water
LecturePLUS Timberlake 13
Solubility Rules
1. A salt is soluble in water if it contains any one of the following ions:
NH4+ Li+ Na+ K+ or NO3
-
Examples:
soluble salts
LiCl Na2SO4 KBr Ca(NO3)2
LecturePLUS Timberlake 14
Cl- Salts
2. Salts with Cl- are soluble, but not if the
positive ion is Ag+, Pb2+, or Hg22+.
Examples:
soluble not soluble(will not dissolve)
MgCl2 AgCl
PbCl2
LecturePLUS Timberlake 15
SO42- Salts
3. Salts with SO42- are soluble, but not if
the positive ion is Ba2+, Pb2+, Hg2+ or Ca2+.
Examples:
soluble not soluble
MgSO4 BaSO4
PbSO4
LecturePLUS Timberlake 16
Other Salts
4. Most salts containing CO32-, PO4
3-, S2-
and OH- are not soluble.
Examples:
soluble not soluble
Na2CO3 CaCO3
K2S CuS
LecturePLUS Timberlake 17
Learning Check S3
Indicate if each salt is (1)soluble or (2)not soluble:
A. ______ Na2SO4
B. ______ MgCO3
C. ______ PbCl2
D. ______ MgCl2
LecturePLUS Timberlake 18
Solution S3
Indicate if each salt is (1) soluble or
(2) not soluble:
A. _1_ Na2SO4
B. _2_ MgCO3
C. _2_ PbCl2
D. _1_ MgCl2