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Autumn 2013Humanitas College, Kyung Hee UniversityKorea in the World: Land & People

Lecture 5: Population and Society

Sungjae Choo

Professor of Geographysjchoo@khu.ac.kr

Copyright 2013 by Choo.All Rights Reserved.

mailto:sjchoo@khu.ac.krmailto:sjchoo@khu.ac.kr

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What are the unique characteristics ofKorean people, comparing with your

country?

in terms of family structure and value

in terms of age and genderin terms of residential pattern (location,density, housing, moving, etc.)

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Population issues

size, density and distributiongrowth rate

population structure

fertility and mortality

migration

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Population issues

size, density and distributiongrowth rate

population structure

fertility and mortality

migration

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population

Population: size

48,580,293 (2010, census)- 26th (0.7%) of the world

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population

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Population: density

486/(2010, census)- 3rdof countries with 15million+

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Densest_populations_by_country

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population

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Distribution

urbanization- 82.0% urbanization rate (2010)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanization_by_country

concentration in SMA

39.1%(85) 42.8%(90) 45.3%(95)

46.3%(00) 48.2%(05) 49.1%(10)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanization_by_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanization_by_country

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Source: Statistics Korea

Population growth of SMA

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Distribution(2005) Density(2005)

Source: National Geographic Information Institute, Republic of Korea

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Population density: 1985, 2005

Source: National Geographic Information Institute, Republic of Korea

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_diaspora

Korean diaspora

about 7,000,000 (2010)China, U.S., Japan, Canada, Russia

migration, marriage, adoption, warhttp://www.okf.or.kr/portal/OkfMainView.do

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_diasporahttp://www.okf.or.kr/portal/OkfMainView.dohttp://www.okf.or.kr/portal/OkfMainView.dohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_diaspora

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Population: growth rate

0.8% (1985-2005 annual average)decreasing

- 1.4%(85-90) 0.7%(95-00)

0.5%(00-05) 0.5%(05-10)

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Population growth in Korea

Source: Statistics Korea

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Population: growth rate

0.8% (1985-2010 annual average)decreasing

- 1.4%(85-90) 0.7%(95-00)

0.5%(00-05) 0.5%(05-10)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_growth_rate

low fertility rate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_growth_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_growth_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_growth_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_growth_rate

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Population: growth rate

high growth rate in Seoul MetropolitanArea(Capital Region)

high growth rate in metropolitan cities

minus growth rate in rural provinces

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Populationgrowth rate

(2005-2010)

Source: Statistics Korea

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Population issues

size, density and distributiongrowth rate

population structure

fertility and mortality

migration

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Population structure

sex structure- sex ratio (male/female) decreasing101.5(1966) 99.5(2005) 98.7(2010)

- differentiated by age and region

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_sex_ratio

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_sex_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_sex_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_sex_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_sex_ratio

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Sex ratioby age

Source: National Geographic Information Institute, Republic of Korea

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Age structure

decreasing rate of young age group

increasing rate of old age group

- young: 42.9%(1960) 16.2%(2010)

- old: 3.3%(1960) 11.3%(2010)median age rising

- 21.7(80) 38.1(10)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_median_age

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_median_agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_median_agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_median_agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_median_age

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Proportion ofaged(65+)

people(2010)

Source: Statistics Korea

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Population issues

size, density and distributiongrowth rate

population structure

fertility and mortality

migration

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Number of births and crude birth rate

Source: Statistics Korea

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Fertility

total fertility rate (TFR) decreasing6.3(55-60) 1.76(80-85) 1.15(09)1.22(10)

regional variations in TFR

- lowest in Seoul, Busan, Daegu

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_by_fertility_rate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_by_fertility_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_by_fertility_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_by_fertility_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_by_fertility_rate

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Total fertility rate

Source: Statistics Korea

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Why low fertility in Korean society?

general tendency of the worldchanges of life style

child care, educationopportunity cost

womens participation

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Mortality

life expectancy increasing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy

- 65.7(80) 76.0(00) 80.1(08)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy

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Cause of death

cancerbrain & blood disease

heart disease

suicidediabetes

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Suicide problem

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Suicide problem

8th(2000) 4th(2010)

1stfor 10s, 20s, 30s

more men than

womenmental disease,stress, competition,

social pressure

Source: Statistics Korea

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Population issues

size, density and distribution

growth rate

population structure

fertility and mortality

migration

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Migration: major flows

In-migrantion from China (early days)

Migration by policy from Gyeongsangto Hamgyeong area (Joseon Dynasty)

Forced out-migration to Manchuria,Siberia & Japan (1920s to 1940s)

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Source: National Geographic Information Institute, Republic of Korea

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Migration: major flows

migration from rural to urban areas(, )

- to Seoul and SMA

- to MAs and industrial citiessuburbanization (, )

- from Seoul to SMA(other than Seoul)

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1985 2003

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Migration: major flows

Out-migration to North America, Europe,South America, Oceania

- to U.S.A.

- to Canada- to Germany (guest workers)

- to Brazil and Argentina

- to Australia and New Zealand

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Migration: major flows

In-migration from Asian countries

- work, marriage, education

- multi-cultural society

- multi-cultural landscape

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by force or policy

Why migrate?

political or ideological reasons

economic reasons

education-related reasonsmixed reasons: new opportunities

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Population issues in Korean society

concentration in the SMA

low fertility rate

aging society

multi-cultural societyhttp://movie.naver.com/movie/bi/mi/mediaView.nhn?code=80866&mid=16106

http://movie.naver.com/movie/bi/mi/mediaView.nhn?code

=72648&mid=13868

http://movie.naver.com/movie/bi/mi/mediaView.nhn?code=80866&mid=16106http://movie.naver.com/movie/bi/mi/mediaView.nhn?code=80866&mid=16106http://movie.naver.com/movie/bi/mi/mediaView.nhn?code=72648&mid=13868http://movie.naver.com/movie/bi/mi/mediaView.nhn?code=72648&mid=13868http://movie.naver.com/movie/bi/mi/mediaView.nhn?code=72648&mid=13868http://movie.naver.com/movie/bi/mi/mediaView.nhn?code=72648&mid=13868http://movie.naver.com/movie/bi/mi/mediaView.nhn?code=80866&mid=16106http://movie.naver.com/movie/bi/mi/mediaView.nhn?code=80866&mid=16106