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8/15/2019 Lecture_3_Mapping and Scales.pdf
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Mapping
Dr Ahmed Ragheb SCM 221 – Planimetric Surveying 1Lecture 3
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Structural Department - Year 1
Dr Ahmed Ragheb
Planimetric Surveying 1)
SCM 22
8/15/2019 Lecture_3_Mapping and Scales.pdf
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Mapping
Dr Ahmed Ragheb SCM 221 – Planimetric Surveying 1Lecture 3
Basic map
1
Key Map
Map Titleم لوحة
Map
no.
8/15/2019 Lecture_3_Mapping and Scales.pdf
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Mapping
Dr Ahmed Ragheb SCM 221 – Planimetric Surveying 1Lecture 3
Project
Owner
Surveying Works
Map title
Scale
Map No.
Date
Information Table
2
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Mapping
Dr Ahmed Ragheb SCM 221 – Planimetric Surveying 1Lecture 3
Computer Advantage in drawing maps
1- No deformation in storage
2- Easy to store
3- Easy to duplicate and plot
4- Any modification can be done easily5- Choosing the appropriate scale
6- Faster than manual methods
7- Any accuracy required
8- Less required time for production
9- Deals with coordinates
3
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Mapping
Dr Ahmed Ragheb SCM 221 – Planimetric Surveying 1Lecture 3
Map Classification
A) According to purpose
1- Detail Maps (all natural and artificial features)
3- Engineering Maps (design and construction)
4-
Topographic Maps (terrain mapping)
5- Geological Maps (soil and surface rocks)
6- Geodetic Maps (taking Earth’s curvature into consideration)
7- Metrological Maps (temperature, wind and humidity)
8- Tourism Maps (leisure, museums, shopping, directions)
9- Marine Maps (water depth)
4
2- Cadastral Maps (land ownership boundaries)
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Mapping
Dr Ahmed Ragheb SCM 221 – Planimetric Surveying 1Lecture 3
B) According to material
Ao, A1, A2, A3, A4, Ao Special roles
1- Paper Map
2- Water Proof & Thermal Map
3- Transparent Map
C) According to color
1- Black and White
2- Colored
D) According to size
5
Map Classification
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Mapping
Dr Ahmed Ragheb SCM 221 – Planimetric Surveying 1Lecture 3
Scale
E) According to scale
1- Large Scale 1:100, 1:250, 1:500 (Detail Maps)
2- Medium Scale 1:1000 (City Maps), 1:2500 (Cadastral Maps),
1:5000 (Base Maps)
3- Small Scale 1:10000, 1:25000, 1:50000, 1:100000,1:500000, 1:1000000 (Geodetic & Topographic Maps)
6
1- Purpose of map
2- Importance of project
3- Required accuracy
4- Size of map sheet
Factors affecting choice of map scale
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Mapping
Dr Ahmed Ragheb SCM 221 – Planimetric Surveying 1Lecture 3
North Directions
1- Geographic (True) North
Has to be drawn on any map for orientation
Tangent to the meridian passing by the
point towards North Pole
2- Magnetic North
It is the direction pointed by the
magnetic needle of the compass
- Changes from one point to another
- Affected by any magnetic field
- True North – Magnetic North = Magnetic Declination
7
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Mapping
Dr Ahmed Ragheb SCM 221 – Planimetric Surveying 1Lecture 3
3- Grid North
- As tangent to meridians are not parallel, then North
directions are not parallel
4- Arbitrary (Assumed) NorthAssumed in any direction
- Use only one North for the whole surveyed area which
is the tangent to the mean meridian of surveyed area
8
North Directions
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Mapping
Dr Ahmed Ragheb SCM 221 – Planimetric Surveying 1Lecture 3 9
Map Arrangement
If no. of maps (n) > 1
Maps are arranged:Numerical
Alphabetical
Alpha-numeric
1
654
32
97 8
A
FED
CB
IG H
A-1 A-3A-2
1 32
AB
C
B-1 B-3B-2
C-1 C-3C-2
(1<n<10)
(10<n<26)
Any no. of maps
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Mapping
Dr Ahmed Ragheb SCM 221 – Planimetric Surveying 1Lecture 3
Is the ratio between a length on map to its correspondinglength in field
Types of Scales
Scale:
Very low accuracy
when maps Shrinks
and elongates
Net
Graphical
Numerical
Easy but needs
calculations
لقي س لعددى
طيطختل س يقل
لوط
كبش
Linear
Basic Definitions
e.g. 1:1000
10
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Mapping
Dr Ahmed Ragheb SCM 221 – Planimetric Surveying 1Lecture 3
First: a ruler was designed and drawn on map
- Shrinks and elongates with the map and
faces the same conditions
- Low accuracy
- No calculations needed
Here minimum reading = 5m
105 205 25 30
Trial
Error = 5m
11
Say Scale 1:500
MUST be 1cm
Do not scale
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Mapping
Dr Ahmed Ragheb SCM 221 – Planimetric Surveying 1Lecture 3
Linear Scale
12
Design a linear graphical scale 1:500 with accuracy 1m.
Show a reading 13m on this scale
- No calculations needed
- Overcome Shrinkage and Elongation
- Higher accuracy than ruler but to a certain limit
No. of divisions = Main accuracy
Required accuracy
= 5m
1m
= 5 divisions
Minimum reading = required accuracy
100 5 2015 255 1234
MUST be 1cm
Optional
13
Do not scale
10+3)
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Mapping
Dr Ahmed Ragheb SCM 221 – Planimetric Surveying 1Lecture 3
Measuring distances on a map
13
Show how to use this scale to
measure a distance on map?
100 5 2015 255 1234
1
23
Distance on map
using divider
Distance =13.4m
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Mapping
Dr Ahmed Ragheb SCM 221 – Planimetric Surveying 1Lecture 3
Net (Diagonal) Scale
14
Design a net graphical scale 1:500 with accuracy 0.25m.
Show a reading 12.75m on this scale
100 5 2015 255 1234
4 Hz x 5 VL
5 Hz x 4 VL
10 Hz x 2 VL
2 Hz x 10 VL
Preferred Hz div ≈ VL div.
Complete whole scale
High accuracy
MUST be 1cm
Min on Hz scale = Max on VL scale
12.75
Minimum reading = Required accuracy
No. of divisions = Main accuracy
Required accuracy
= 5m
0.25m
= 20 divisions
10+2+0.75)
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
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Mapping
Dr Ahmed Ragheb SCM 221 – Planimetric Surveying 1Lecture 3 15
100 5 2015 255 1234
2
1
Distance on map
Measuring distances on a map
Show how to use this scale to
measure a distance on map? using divider
Distance =13.75m
3
4
5
6
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
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Mapping
Dr Ahmed Ragheb SCM 221 – Planimetric Surveying 1Lecture 3
Design a linear graphical scale 1:250 with accuracy 1m.
Instead of 1cm 2.5
m …… m ke
2cm 5m
100 5 2015 255 1234
MUST be 2cm
instead of 1cm
- Scale could be with any NO. and any ACCURACY e.g. 1:25000 with accuracy 10m
- No need to mention linear or net, accuracy will determine scale used based on no.of divisions
- Max no. of Hz divisions = 10
- Nowadays this is done using AutoCAD not manual
16
Notes
No. of divisions = Main accuracy
Required accuracy
= 2.5m
1m
= 2.5 divisions
No. of divisions = Main accuracy
Required accuracy
= 5m
1m
= 5 divisions