Lecture1

Introduction to WebIntroduction to Web Technology

IT1 Course Slide

TechnologyIT1 Course Slide

Instructor:

Majid Taghiloo

PurposePurpose

The purpose of this presentation is to:

• Acquaint you with the terms and concepts necessary to determine how the Web can improve your business

• Demonstrate the capabilities of Web applicationsp pp

“It’s time to take the red pill”It s time to take the red pill

Web ConceptspHow the Web Works

Let’s start with you. the user

• To use the web you must have a computer or another “web‐ready” device, ex: Palm Pilot oror another web ready device, ex: Palm Pilot or Web phones*.

*Often called Web Access Protocol (WAP) devices


• Your computer must have

communications hardware

with installed drivers (software)with installed drivers (software)– Modem card, ex: 56k Modem

– Network* or NIC** card, ex: Linksys

– Wireless Network card

* M t t k t d i t i* Most networks today communicate using Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

** Network Interface Card


• Your computer must have Web service– Modem and Dialup Internet Service Provider (ISP),

ex: AOL– *Digital Subscriber Line (DSL),

offered by phone company in non‐rural areas– *Internet Satellite, offered by satellite TV– *Digital Cable, offered by cable TVg , y– *Dedicated LAN, ex: large corp.

networks or US govtnetworks or US govt.

*These faster services are called “Broadband”


• Your computer must have Web browser software – AOL Online Software

– Microsoft Internet Explorer

Netscape Navigator– Netscape Navigator

– Other web services require

mail programs (Outlook) or

File Transfer programs p g

(WS_FTP)


• Your computer must be logged into the Web– Dialup has dialed, connected & user has logged in

OROR

– DSL/Satellite/Cable modem is on and connected

Quick Note on NetworksSimple Dialup

There are many types of network setups

• 56k Modem plugged into phone line (156k Modem plugged into phone line (1 computer)

AOL i di l i• AOL is a dialup service

DialupModem

PhoneOutlet

Computer

Note: Uses regular(RJ11)regular(RJ11) phone cable

Quick Note on NetworksSimple Cable/Satellite

• Cable/DSL/Satellite Modem plugged into cable/DSL/satellite outlet (1 computer)( p )

• Charter and SBC/Yahoo are broadband Internet servicesInternet services

Cable/DSL/Cable/DSL/SatelliteModem

Cable/SatelliteOutlet

ComputerOutlet

Note: Uses special Category 5 *Most network equipmentNote: Uses special Category 5 (Cat 5 RJ45)

Cable called patchcords

Most network equipmenthas a speed of 100Mbit/s

Quick Note on NetworksCable/DSL/Satellite with Hub

• Cable/DSL/Satellite Modem plugged into cable/DSL/satellite outlet

• Requires 2 or more Internet Protocol (IP) connections (like 2 separate phone numbers)connections (like 2 separate phone numbers)

Computer

Cable/DSLSatelliteModem

Cable/DSLSatellite Hub ComputerModemOutlet

Computer

Quick Note on NetworksCable/DSL/Satellite with Router/Switch

• Cable/DSL/Satellite Modem and Router/ Switch* plugged into cable/satellite outletp gg

• Requires only 1 Internet Protocol (IP) connection (shares a phone number saves $$)connection (shares a phone number‐saves $$)

Computer

Cable/DSLSatellite Router/

Switch

Cable/DSLSatelliteModem ComputerOutlet SwitchModem

Computer

*Switches are smarter and faster than hubs

Quick Note on NetworksCable/Satellite with Wireless Router/Switch

• Cable/Satellite Modem and wireless Router/Switch plugged into cable/satellite outlet

• Replaces switch‐to‐computer cables, requires wireless network cards*wireless network cards*

Cable/WirelessR t / Computer

Cable/SatelliteModem

Cable/SatelliteOutlet

Router/Switch

Computer*Wireless is more convenient, but slower and less secure than Cable

Quick Note on NetworksC bl /S t llit ith Wi l d R lCable/Satellite with Wireless and Regular

Router/Switch

• Cable/Satellite Modem and two Router/ Switches plugged into cable/satellite outlet

Computer

WirelessRouter/Switch

ComputerCable/SatelliteModem

Cable/Satellite ModemOutlet

C

Router/Switch

Computer

ComputerSwitch

Quick Note on NetworksFirewalls

Firewalls are like the firewall in your car, which keep the heat and noise of the engine outside the passenger compartmentnoise of the engine outside the passenger compartment

• Computer Firewalls are used to keep unwanted Internet users from accessing your network

• Once online, you are vulnerable w/o a firewallOnce online, you are vulnerable w/o a firewall– BlackIce is an example of firewall software

Firewall

Cable/SatelliteModem

Cable/Satellite

Router/Switch

&

ComputerModemSatellite

Outlet&

Firewall

Quick Note on NetworksFirewalls

• Computer Firewalls work like Caller ID

• You set up the rules of who can “call” you

• Unrecognized callers are either denied or asked• Unrecognized callers are either denied, or asked for a password

NOTE: Some software, like PCAnywhere and SQL Server require the firewall to specially q p yconfigured


Back to the Logged in computerOnce your computer is logged in, it is assigned an Internet Protocol (IP) address.

• Most networks (and all dialups) issue IPs on a per‐login basis, these are called Dynamic IPs

• Some networks issue these permanently, these are called Fixed IPs

• Your IP is a 16‐digit number which is used to identify your computer to the Internet, ex: 208.127.007.123


• Every time you request information from the I IP i i h h hInternet, your IP is sent with the request, so the Internet knows where to send the information

• Every website has an IP address. The Universal Resource Listing (URL) like, www.yahoo.com is translated to its IP address automatically for you

NOTE: Remember the router/switches that only / yneed one IP address? The router keeps track of the network users so they can share the IP yaddress.


Example:• You wants news so you types in:• You wants news so you types in:

http://www.msnbc.com/news/934483.asp?vts=072920030920

Q i k N f f h URLQuick Note on four parts of the URL:• Protocol: http is Hypertext Transfer Protocol, you will also see

https used for secure transactions. If you leave this off, the p y ,default is http.

• Domain: www.msnbc.com identifies a specific webserverFil I f ti / /934483 id tifi th ifi• File Information: /news/934483.asp identifies the specific filename on the requested website.

• Query string: ?vts=072920030920 Additional information sent y gin the request, in this case the article number called vts.


Simple Example:• You wants news so you type in: http://www.msnbc.com/news/934483.asp?vts=072920030920

• MSN‐BC receives the request, looks up the article andMSN BC receives the request, looks up the article and send it back to you.



Detailed Example (what really happens):• You (208.127.007.123) want news so you type in:


• MSN‐BC’s IP address of 207.46.150.21 is translated by aMSN BC s IP address of 207.46.150.21 is translated by a program called the Domain Name Server (DNS)

• The request is sent to http://207.46.150.21/news/934483.asp i h i d b l k• MSN‐BC receives the request, accesses its database to look up

the article and sends the article (vts=072920030920) and several graphics* back to you (208.127.007.123)

• Your browser assembles the article and graphics according to the HyperText Markup Language (HTML) code to format and display the MSN‐BC screen.display the MSN BC screen.

*Each webpage is comprised of numerous graphic files, that why we see (10 items remaining) on the status bar of a downloading page. It’s waiting for those pieces to complete the page.


Detailed Example (Other Comments):• Technically the Internet is a large network. The WorldwideTechnically the Internet is a large network. The Worldwide

Web (WWW) is an application that runs on the Internet. Whenever you type in “http://www.whatever.com” you are using the Worldwide Web The Worldwide Web producesusing the Worldwide Web. The Worldwide Web produces webpages (a combination of text and graphics).

• MSN‐BC’s website has an IP address of 207.46.150.21. It usesMSN BC s website has an IP address of 207.46.150.21. It uses the domain name of www.msnbc.com because it registered that domain name with Network Solutions or another authori ed Domain Registry company These companiesauthorized Domain Registry company. These companies maintain the databases used by the Domain Name Servers (DNS). Current annual fees are about $35.


Detailed Example (GeeWhiz Stuff):• Network messages are split up and transmitted in small• Network messages are split up and transmitted in small

sections called “packets”. TCP/IP is a “packet‐switched network”.

• JavaScript, Java and Perl are languages uses to help HTML display webpages (scrolling display, animation, etc). More on this when we talk about Web Applications.

• Flash, Shockwave, Quicktime, WAV, mpeg, RealAudio, and MP3 are all types of files that can be displayed with a webpage. Special programs, called “plug‐ins” allow your browser to display play or run these various filesbrowser to display, play, or run these various files.


Detailed Example (Security):• Webpages are secured by installing a special license and software• Webpages are secured by installing a special license and software,

called a Secure Socket Link (SSL) on the servicing website called a Web Host. This software encrypts communication between the user computer and website. Most credit card processing is transmitted using SSL. You’ll notice the protocol will be https:// or shttp:// and a “secure” or “locked” icon appears on your browser screena secure or locked icon appears on your browser screen. Current annual fee is about $400.

• Hackers monitor web requests using special software, SSL q g p ,protects financial & personal information by encrypting these messages—foiling the hackers.

$$$

https://www.bankofamerica.com

Transmission SpeedTransmission Speed

Transmission Speed is the amount of data that a line can transfercan transfer.

• A 28.8k modem transmits 28,800 bits per second (bps), a 56k modem transmits 56,000 bps (7 ( p ), , p (kbytes/s) – the maximum via normal phone lines

• An ISDN modem transmits 128k• Cable/Satellite/DSL transmit at least 384 kbps• A T1 line transmits 1.54Mbps (ISP speed)• A T3 line transmits 43 Mbps (Web host speeds)• Fiber Optics start with OC‐3 which is 115 Mbps• OC‐12 is 622 Mbps (Internet backbone speed)

Search EnginesSearch Engines

All search engines do about the same things:• Search the Internet for websites using robots which are• Search the Internet for websites using robots, which are

automated software programs that search for keyword and description META tags in the HTML code

• Allow users to search their database using keywords• Allow website administrators to suggest their sites to the

search database (no guarantees)search database (no guarantees)• Allow website administrators to buy “premium placement”

– Extra money to get to the top of the listy g p• Other companies, like Overture, also manage premium

placement or sponsored links for search engine sites.

Web ApplicationsWeb Applications

• Web pages are like online Word documents. HTML is used to display pictures format paragraphs changeused to display pictures, format paragraphs, change colors, fonts, etc.. BUT Word can’t add numbers or animate graphics.

• Web Applications are like online spreadsheets and databases. They do something. Common scripting languages used to do this are Cold Fusion Activelanguages used to do this are Cold Fusion, Active Server Pages (ASP), and PHP.

• Web Applications interact with program variablesWeb Applications interact with program variables, databases, spreadsheets, and user inputs to create dynamic web content.


• In fact, our first example was a web li tiapplication

• When the MSN‐BC server read the 934483.asp file, control moved to the ASP server and passed the variable VTS with a value of 072920030920ASP

Server

ASPServer

VTS=072920030920



• The 934483.asp file searched the news database for article number (VTS) 072920030920

Database

VTS=072920030920

ASPServer

ASPServer

VTS=072920030920



• The article text is passed back to the ASP Server• Then to the MSNBC web server

Database

VTS=072920030920

ASPServer

ASPServer

VTS=072920030920



• The article text is then inserted into the web page and sent to the requesting user

Database

VTS=072920030920

ASPServer

ASPServer

VTS=072920030920



• Web Applications can read or write to multiple databases, spreadsheets, even mail servers to databases, sp eads eets, e e a se e s tosend email confirmations

DatabaseSpreadsheet

ASPServer Database Mail

Server

WebServer

Web ApplicationsWeb ApplicationsWeb Applications include on‐line:Web Applications include on line:• Banking services• Catalogs and shopping carts• Catalogs and shopping carts• Airline ticket reservations

Ch• Chat rooms• Message Boards• Search Engines• Theater Listings• Dating Services• Mortgage Calculatorsg gTo name only a few applications.

E CommerceE‐Commerce

E‐commerce sites are basically large web applications. The ordered items go into a database, which adds up the prices, taxes, , p p , ,even shipping.

The tricky part is the credit card processing

Let’s follow a user that is placing an order.


• First, the user goes to a website and adds her desired items to the User

shopping cart• When all her desired items are in

h h i h li k hthe shopping cart, she clicks the “checkout” button

• The web application will total theWeb

ServerSecureWeb • The web application will total the

item quantities and prices, determine taxes, shipping Verification Svc

Server

, pp gcharges, and present an invoice to her.

IMA Website’sIMABank Bank

Acct


• Next, the she reviews his order and clicks the Purchase buttonUser and clicks the Purchase button

• The order request is received by h b h lk hthe web server who talks to the

secure web serverWebServer

SecureWeb

• The secure* web server sends a secure web page to accept the Verification Svc

Server

credit card and personal information


Acct *Most Web Host offer limited free SSL services to their customers


• She then inputs his credit card information and address and starts User

the credit card purchase• The credit card information and

dd i ifi d b h ifi iaddress is verified by the Verification Service, (ex: VeriSign)

• The Verification Service acts as aWeb

ServerSecureWeb • The Verification Service acts as a

messenger service couriering verified information and money to the

Server

Verification Svc yrequired places

• Verification Services cost about $20/IMA Website’s$20/moIMA

Bank BankAcct


• The verified credit card voucher is forwarded to the Internet MerchantUser forwarded to the Internet Merchant Account (IMA) bank

Th b i h IMA h h• The website has an IMA to cash the credit card vouchers. These IMA b k h d

WebServer

SecureWeb

banks charge a percentage and a per transaction fee. They also have a

i i f f $20/ h if

Server

Verification Svc

minimum fee of $20/month so if you only receive a few credit card

i ’ll d iIMA Website’stransactions, you’ll end up paying a larger fee

IMABank Bank

Acct


• The Internet Merchant Account bank will “cash” the credit card requestUser will cash the credit card request, subtracting their 2‐3% and 25‐35 cents/transaction chargescents/transaction charges

• The proceeds are deposited into the W b i ’ b k

WebServer

SecureWeb

Website’s bank account

• This bank account can be the website

Server

Verification Svc

company’s regular business bank account or a separate one


Acct


• The Internet Merchant Account bank acknowledges the transaction to theUser acknowledges the transaction to the Verification Service

Th V ifi i S i k l d• The Verification Service acknowledges the transaction to the Web ServerWeb

ServerSecureWeb

• The Web Server sends notice to the user that her transaction was

Server

Verification Svc

approved (or disapproved)


Acct


• The Verification Service will also notify the Website owner of all creditUser notify the Website owner of all credit card transactions

All di d i i i d i• All credit card activities are saved in a database. Special administrative

b ( d d) ll h

WebServer

SecureWeb

webpages (passworded) allow the website owner to reconcile credit

d i i f h b k

Server

Verification Svc

card activity, perform charge‐backs, and notify additional email addresses

f i iIMA Website’sof account activity IMA

Bank BankAcct

Website RequirementsWebsite Requirements

Requirements Collection

• One of the most important steps

• How do we the development experts collect• How do we, the development experts, collect requirements from a businessperson who k h b b h b?knows his business—but not the Web?


What Do You Want the Web to do for you?

• What information, pictures, prices, etc. do you want to show about your company?want to show about your company?

• Do you want to sell products or services from b ?your website?

• What information could you put on the Web y pthat would prevent “time‐costly” phone calls?


What Do You Want the Web to do for you?• What web applications would bring more

business to your company or make your personnel more efficient? – Tying information from multiple databases together y g p g

into a single report– Extending your business information and g y

applications to your “on the road” salespersons or technicians

– Automating boring, labor‐intensive tasks

Website RequirementsqWhat do I need for my Website?

• Web Host* – Web server where your website is hosted Prices are $10 ‐ $50 /mo depending onhosted. Prices are $10 $50 /mo depending on languages supported, databases, etc.

• Domain Registration – Registers your named URL, g g y ,www.business.com Prices are $10 – 35/year.

• Web Design ‐ Designing the content, navigation, and l f b i (f d) P i $50layout of your website (front‐end). Prices are $50 ‐$150/hour.

• Web Applications Design web application• Web Applications – Design web application functionality (back‐end). Prices are $65 – $250/hour

*This is not your Internet Service Provider (ISP). Although your ISP may also Web Host.

W b it R i tWebsite RequirementsWhat do I need for my Website? (Cont’d)

If e‐comm/credit card processing is required:

• Shopping Cart Software, ex. Miva, AbleCommerce, or custom Prices are $1000 ‐ ?

• Verification Services, ex. VeriSign Prices are a one‐time setup fee ($150) and about $20/month

• Internet Merchant Account (IMA), ex. eMerchantSolutions Prices are a one‐time setup fee ($100) and 2‐3% p ($ )and 25 cents per transaction

• PayPal, requires user signup and checking informationy , q g p g

Documents

Lecture1