*Using WaterCAD to analyze the pipe networksAhmad SanaVisiting
ProfessorDepartment of Civil EngineeringUET, TaxilaEmail:
[email protected]: http://ahmadsana.tripod.com
*ApplicationsUrban water supplyWater treatment plantsDomestic
pipe networkComponentsPipesPumpsReservoirs and tanksValves, bends,
junctions etc.
*Water Supply System AnalysisContinuity equationEnergy
equationRoughness formulaeRoughness coefficients
*Design of Water Supply SystemPressure (240 to 410 kPa, Maximum:
650 kPa) Water Demand (Based on population)Variation in demand (Due
to usage variation)Fire demand (Based on type of
construction)Storage facilities (For emergencies)
*Common methods to analyze pipe networksHardy-Cross
methodLimitation: Pipe flows have to be assumed such that
continuity requirement is met. Therefore suitable for small
networks.
Linear methodAll the equations are solved simultaneously without
requiring initial pipe flows. Therefore suitable for all types of
networks.
*Pipe networkNeq= Number of equations requiredNj= number of
junction nodesNl= number of loopsNf= number of Fixed Grade Nodes
(e.g. elevated tanks)
*Example :Determine the discharge in each line and the pressure
at each junction for the pipe network shown. All the pipes are made
of Galvanized iron.
*Design projectShould be completed by every student during
tutorial in the computer laboratory.
