PARTITIONS

LECTURE THREE

PARTITIONS

•Gypsum Wallboard •Lath and Plaster •Plaster •Masonry •Glass Block

How are these materials installed? Framing is used for Gypsum Wallboard, Lath, and Plaster.

FRAMING-WOOD

•It is the support for finish surfacing. •It is the skeleton that provides support for the flesh of a building or an individual construction element. •Framing is most commonly thought of as being the studs used in partition construction. •Framing can also be used for walls, ceilings, soffits, woodwork, enclosures, or any construction where the finish material cannot support itself.

FRAMING-WOOD

•In Residential it is typically wood construction.

Wood framing is commonly 2”x4” studs 2”x6” studs 2”x2” furring

FRAMING-WOOD

•Use of wood in the structure depends on the area covered and whether the space has sprinklers or not.

•In a commercial space, certain parameters exist for it’s use to be permitted.

•References to confirm will include IBC, SFLBC and American Wood Council.

FRAMING-WOOD

SOURCE: American Wood Council

FRAMING-WOOD

SOURCE: American Wood Council

FRAMING-WOOD

•For most commercial buildings, the IBC size limits rarely prohibits the use of wood framing.

•Beyond Type V construction, heavy timber (Type IV) and Type III constructions have greater allowances than Type V.

•Exterior wall, typically, must be of noncombustible materials or fire retardant treated wood.

FRAMING-WOOD

FRAMING- METAL

FRAMING- METAL

FRAMING- METAL

FRAMING- METAL

•Steel framing is a practical, code approved solution to many of the limitations that builders face today when using traditional building materials.

•The strength and ductility of structural cold-formed steel (CFS) framing, along with the holding power of CFS connections, make it the ideal material for construction in high wind speed and seismic zones such as the U. S. eastern seaboard, the Gulf Coast states, California and Hawaii.

FRAMING- METAL

WHAT IS CFS?:

•Cold-formed steel framing is sheet steel that is formed into shapes and sizes that are similar to what builders are accustomed to seeing in dimensional lumber (2x4, 2x6, 2x8, 2x10, 2x12 etc)

•Steel framing members are formed in a process called roll forming by passing sheet steel through a series of rollers to form the bends that make the shape, e.g. the web, flanges, and lips of a stud or C-shape.

•Because this process is done without heat (also called “cold forming”) the studs and joists are made stronger than the original sheet steel.

FRAMING- METAL

Advantages:

•Characteristics such as non-combustibility, termite resistance, and dimensional stability can lower construction and project costs.

•Warranty call-backs are minimized because steel does not shrink, split, or warp. As a result, there are no nail pops or drywall cracks to fix after the structure is completed.

• Consistent quality means that scrap is drastically reduced (2% for steel versus 20% for wood). These savings also translate into lower costs for jobsite culling of wood materials and haul off and disposal of discarded material. • Discounts on builders risk insurance for steel framed structures can result in significant cost savings for builders & client.

FRAMING- METAL

Advantages:

•Each piece of CFS shipped to the jobsite contains a minimum of 25% recycled content and is 100% recyclable at the end of its lifespan.

•a recent study, conducted by the NAHB Research Center, showed that the zinc coating on steel framing materials can protect against corrosion for hundreds of years.

•Good indoor air quality (IAQ) is promoted because steel does not emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

•The non-combustibility of steel allows a significant density increase in commercial and multi-family structures, offering building owners with the potential for higher revenue.

FRAMING- METAL

•In Commercial it is typically steel construction.

Steel framing is light guage steel. Typical sizes are: 2.5” studs 3 5/8” studs 4” studs 6” studs 8” studs

FRAMING- METAL

• Framing can form walls that extend from the floor to a suspended ceiling (1).

• It can also form walls that

extend from the floor to the underside of the structural floor above, passing through the ceiling (2).

FRAMING- METAL

• Building occupation classification will affect how the walls are built and the type of wall.

• Buildings or portions of

buildings may consist of more than a single occupancy, in which case the code may require fire separation between the occupancies.

FRAMING- METAL

• Framing can be suspended from the structure to form vertical surfaces for a change in ceiling height (3).

• Framing can stop short of the

ceiling to form a low wall (4).

FRAMING- METAL

• Framing can run horizontally as well as vertically to form soffits or small areas of a ceiling (5).

• Framing can also easily form

diagonal or curved surfaces (6).

FRAMING- METAL

FRAMING- METAL

FRAMING- METAL

In most cases, framing provides support for gypsum wallboard, but it can also provide the backing for lath and plaster, wood paneling, or prefabricated finish construction such as fiberglass-reinforced gypsum. When framing extends above the ceiling, the drywall only extends far enough to provide a finished look or a surface on which to attach ceiling angles (3, 5). The exception to this is a fire-rated partition where the drywall extends to the structural floor above (1).

FRAMING- METAL

In all cases, the basic concept in designing and detailing is the same. The framing must: • be securely anchored to the structure of the building • form a self-supporting structure before the finish is applied • be spaced and positioned appropriately for the material it is supporting With most finish materials, especially gypsum wallboard, every edge must have support framing behind it.

FRAMING- METAL

Framing, whether wood or metal, consists of two primary groups of components •The first group consists of continuous runners or plates; runner is the term for a metal piece, while a wood piece is called a plate. •The second group consists of the intermediate members, usually called studs, that are placed perpendicular to the runners or plates and fastened to them.

FRAMING- METAL

Whether the framing is vertical, as for a wall, horizontal, as for a soffit or ceiling, or diagonal, the concept is always the same: Intermediate members (studs) are attached to continuous members (runners or plates).

FRAMING - METAL

FRAMING - METAL

Most everything else is a variation of this simple concept. When detailing complex framing, just the general configuration needs to be shown. There are standard ways of building walls and openings in walls, but for other kinds of constructions, every carpenter or framer may have a slightly different way of building something, and it may not be the way you have detailed it. The drawings should show the general configuration, not the cut and bend of each individual piece of metal.

FRAMING - METAL

FRAMING - METAL

http://www.usgdesignstudio.com/download-details.asp?catId=28878

The spacing of the studs or intermediate framing members will depend on the size, configuration, and material of the framing, as well as on the thickness of the finish material and structural requirements of the construction assembly. Typically, wood framing is spaced at 16 in on center and metal framing is spaced at 24 in on center. These dimensions are used because they are even divisions of standard 4 ft × 8 ft and 4 ft × 12 ft sheets of drywall, plywood, and other panel products. For stronger framing, members can be spaced at 12 in (300 mm) on center (o.c.).

FRAMING - METAL

FRAMING - METAL

The size of the framing depends on the height of the wall (or the length of the other construction being supported), the strength required, and whether anything will be recessed into the wall. Thicker gauges are also used if the wall is structural.

COMMON FRAMING MEMBERS

FRAMING - METAL

FRAMING - METAL

This full height partition with one hour fire rating is used as a nonrated partition when moderate security and slightly improved acoustical properties are desired. STC range is 35-39 For STC 45 + 1 ½” sound insulation and continuous acoustic tape

FRAMING - METAL

This full height partition with one hour fire rating is used as a nonrated partition when moderate security and slightly improved acoustical properties are desired. STC range is 35-39 For STC 45 + 1 ½” sound insulation and continuous acoustic tape

FRAMING - METAL

FRAMING - METAL

Two hour fire rated partition with double-layer gypsum board.

FRAMING - METAL

FRAMING - METAL

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STEEL AND WOOD FRAMING: •Steel framing is usually spaced at 24” O.C. and wood framing is typically spaced at 16” O.C. • C section studs replace wood studs and single tracks replace top and bottom wood plates. •Studs are connected to track flanges with screws, or pins, installed through the face of the track flange into the stud flange. Three threads or 3/8” of the screw should be visible on the back side of the connection. • Headers are built up from multiple steel members just like with wood, or by using time saving L-headers.

FRAMING - METAL

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STEEL AND WOOD FRAMING: •Layouts proceed just as they do with wood frame construction. Installation is typically handled by building a wall section on the deck and later raising it.

•With panelized construction many of these steps are eliminated, reducing the framing responsibility to positioning and fastening the pre-assembled components.

• The only major differences in building with steel framing are in-line framing techniques, the tools, fasteners and accessories used, and the need for foam insulation on the exterior side of the wall studs in some geographic regions.

• In addition, MEP trades will see minor differences in how they install wiring and plumbing.

FURRING - METAL

Consists of smaller framing members (wood [R] or metal [C]), that provide only a base for attaching GWB to one side on the construction assembly which is not appropriate for direct attachment of the wallboard. Furring is attached to the substrate, concrete or masonry wall, and then the wallboard on screwed on to the furring. Furring is usually spaced 16” or 24” o.c.

FURRING - METAL

FURRING - METAL

FURRING - METAL

TRIMS

Standard Trims

TRIMS

TRIMS

http://fryreglet.com/reveals-and-moldings/

GWB Finishing Different Levels have been standardised in the industry. Level 0 – No taping or accessories. Level 1 – Joints and interior angles have tape & joint compound with the surface free of excess compound (Used in areas not normally exposed). Level 2 – Similar to level 1, but with tape embedded and a separate coat of compound applied. Used where water resistant backing board is used as a substrate. Level 3 – Similar to level 2, but with two coats of joint compound. Used where the surface will receive heavy or medium textured finishes or heavy grade wall coverings will be applied. Level 4 – Sim. to level 3, but with three coats of joint compound. Used where light textures or wallcoverings will be applied or economy is a concern. Not recommend with any pain but flat. Level 5 – Sim. to level 4 but with joint compound over the entire surface. Used with all types of paint or where sever lighting conditions exist.

PARTITIONS

PARTITIONS

Main qualities of GWB – FIRE RESISTANCE: •GWB is inherently fire resistant because of it’s manufactured content.

•In the event of a fire, area separation walls must ensure that fire does not spread from one area to the next.

•Building codes mandate that area separation walls are fire tested according to specific test standards, such as ASTM E119, “Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials,” or its equivalent.

•Fire resistance testing ensures that this critical performance component will not be compromised when the system is properly installed.

•Fire testing results in the following: – UL Classification of all gypsum panel components for fire resistance – UL listing of system fire resistance for 2 hours

PARTITIONS

Typical Area Separation Wall Assembly

PARTITIONS

Fire resistance : Partition fire ratings can be specified as 1 hour, 2 hour, 3 hour and 4 hour. A partition is built and subjected to a standard test fire and the results are measured. In the same manner, when designing partitions, you build it with the ratings you need. •For Interior construction most partitions are 1 hour rated – e.g. corridors and different occupancy types •Vertical shafts (stairways and elevators) are 2 hour rated walls. http://www.usg.com/content/dam/USG_Marketing_Communications/united_states/product_promotional_materials/finished_assets/usg-fire-resistant-assemblies-catalog-en-SA100.pdf

http://www.usgdesignstudio.com/download-details.asp?catId=29046

PARTITIONS

Main qualities of GWB - SOUND: •Sound rating - GWB is very dense, making it a good barrier for sound transmission.

•Sound control test data demonstrate the effectiveness of USG area separation wall systems in attenuating sound. This means that occupants of adjacent buildings will have more privacy. STC ratings up to 60 are available.

PARTITIONS

Main qualities of GWB – MOISTURE/MOLD: •The best way to minimize damage from moisture and mold is to minimize or eliminate exposure to water before, during and after construction. In all cases where moisture intrusion occurs, eliminate all sources of moisture immediately.

•Sheetrock Mold Tough gypsum liner panels have a noncombustible, moisture- and mold-resistant core encased in a moisture- and mold-resistant, 100% recycled blue face and black paper.

•Sheetrock glass-mat liner panels have a noncombustible, moisture- and mold-resistant gypsum core that is encased in a moisture- and mold-resistant glass-mat.

•When used in conjunction with good construction practices, these products will minimize, but not eliminate, the risk of moisture and mold damage.

Le Fin