Lecture Slides Week1 Lecture2

7/28/2019 Lecture Slides Week1 Lecture2

1/12

O

HO

CH3

morphine

morphine

Drugs and the Brain

miniLecture 2

What is a drug?

Types of drug molecules

2012 California Institute of Technology


2/12

drugnoun Origin: Middle English drogge Date: 14th century

1 a . . .

b : a substance used as a medication or in the preparation of medication

, ,

(1) : a substance recognized in an official pharmacopoeia or formulary(2) : a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment,

or preven on o sease

(3) : a substance other than food intended to affect the structure or function of

the body

2 . . .

, ,marked change in consciousness

Merriam-Webster, Inchttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/drug


3/12

Trivial names and Structural Formulas

botulinum toxinnicotine procaine morphine

H2C

NH3CH2C CH2CH3

HO

CH3N

O

CH2

C OO

HOCH3

morphine

NH2


4/12

This sessions drugs exemplify the concepts in Drugs and the Brain

Drugs Activate (nicotine) and block (procaine) ion channels

Drugs act on G protein pathways (morphine)

Part 3: Drugs activate genes (nicotine, morphine)

Protein drugs may become more useful for neuroscience diseases(botulinum toxin)

Not treated in this session:


5/12

Atomic-scale Structures

nicotine procaine botulinum toxinmorphine

N

CH3N

http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=4914&loc=ec_rcs



http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/mmdb/mmdbsrv.cgi?uid=26967


6/12

Each moiety in a drug molecule has importance.Example: procaine

Charged amine:

H C

HNH3CH2C CH2CH3+

charged groups or

electronson the protein

O

CH2

terminate drug action

C O

Aromatic: may bind to

NH

nonpolar groups onthe receptor protein


7/12

Formulas and molecular weights (MW)

nicotine procaine botulinumtoxin

morphine

C13H20N2O2

236

C10H14N2

162 ~150,000

C17H19NO3

285.3


8/12

Trademark Names

nicotine procainebotulinum

toxinmorphine

MarlboroCamel Astramorph,

uraca neNovocainNicorette

Kapanol,Skenan


9/12

Type of CompoundType of Compound

nicotine morp ne

alkaloid

(Alkaloids are a group of nitrogenous organic compoundsthat have physiological effects on humans).


10/12


local anesthetic

yn e c organc compoun


11/12


toxin

rotein:

Chain of amino-acid residues joined by peptide bonds


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HO

N

O

HOmorphinemorphine

Drugs and the Brain

What is a drug?

End of module 2

Types of drug molecules

2012 California Institute of Technology

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Lecture Slides Week1 Lecture2