Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4319Commenced Publication in 1973Founding and Former Series Editors:Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen

Editorial Board

David HutchisonLancaster University, UK

Takeo KanadeCarnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Josef KittlerUniversity of Surrey, Guildford, UK

Jon M. KleinbergCornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

Friedemann MatternETH Zurich, Switzerland

John C. MitchellStanford University, CA, USA

Moni NaorWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

Oscar NierstraszUniversity of Bern, Switzerland

C. Pandu RanganIndian Institute of Technology, Madras, India

Bernhard SteffenUniversity of Dortmund, Germany

Madhu SudanMassachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA

Demetri TerzopoulosUniversity of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Doug TygarUniversity of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

Moshe Y. VardiRice University, Houston, TX, USA

Gerhard WeikumMax-Planck Institute of Computer Science, Saarbruecken, Germany

Long-Wen Chang Wen-Nung Lie (Eds.)

Advances in Imageand Video Technology

First Pacific Rim Symposium, PSIVT 2006Hsinchu, Taiwan, December 10-13, 2006Proceedings

13

Volume Editors

Long-Wen ChangNational Tsing Hua UniversityDepartment of Computer ScienceHsinchu, 300 , TaiwanE-mail: lchang@cs.nthu.edu.tw

Wen-Nung LieNational Chung Cheng UniversityDepartment of Electrical EngineeringChia-Yi, 621 TaiwanE-mail: ieewnl@ccu.edu.tw

Library of Congress Control Number: 2006937888

CR Subject Classification (1998): H.5.1, H.5, I.4, I.3, H.3-4, E.4

LNCS Sublibrary: SL 6 – Image Processing, Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition,and Graphics

ISSN 0302-9743ISBN-10 3-540-68297-X Springer Berlin Heidelberg New YorkISBN-13 978-3-540-68297-4 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

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Preface

The conference of the 1st IEEE Pacific-Rim Symposium on Image and VideoTechnology (PSIVT 2006) was held at Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China, onDecember 11–13, 2006. This volume contains papers selected for presentationat this conference. The aim of this conference was to bring together theoreticaladvances and practical implementations contributing to, or being involved in,image and video technology.

PSIVT 2006 featured a comprehensive program including tutorials, keynoteand invited talks, oral paper presentations, and posters. We received 450 sub-missions from 22 countries and accepted 141 papers among those (i.e., definingan acceptance rate of 31.3%). The intention was to establish PSIVT as a top-quality series of symposia. Decisions were difficult sometimes, but we hope thatthe final result is acceptable to all involved.

Besides keynotes and invited talks, PSIVT 2006 offered 76 oral presentationsand 58 posters, according to the proper registration of these papers by the defineddeadline. We deeply appreciate the help of the reviewers, who generously spenttheir time to ensure a high-quality reviewing process. Useful comments wereprovided by reviewers, often quite detailed, and they certainly offered authorsopportunities to improve their work not only for this conference, but also forfuture research.

We thank Springer’s LNCS department and IEEE’s Circuits and SystemsSociety for efficient contacts during the preparation of the conference and theseproceedings. Their support is greatly appreciated. This conference would neverhave been successfully completed without the efforts of many people. We greatlyappreciate the effort and the cooperation provided by our strong OrganizingCommittee. We would also like to thank all the sponsors for their considerablesupport including the National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), National ChungCheng University (NCCU), The University of Auckland (UoA), National ScienceCouncil (NSC), Ministry of Education (MoE), Sunplus Technology Co., NationalCenter for High-Performance Computing (NCHC), and Institute for InformationIndustry (III).

October 2006 Long-Wen ChangWen-Nung Lie

PSIVT 2006 Organization

Organizing Committee

General Co-chairs Yung-Chang Chen (National Tsing Hua Univ.,Taiwan)

Reinhard Klette (The Univ. of Auckland,New Zealand)

Program Co-chairs Long-Wen Chang (National Tsing Hua Univ.,Taiwan)

Wen-Nung Lie ( National Chung Cheng Univ.,Taiwan)

Local Arrangements Co-chairs Chaur-Chin Chen (National Tsing Hua Univ.,Taiwan)

Shang-Hong Lai (National Tsing Hua Univ.,Taiwan)

Publicity Chair Chiou-Ting Hsu (National Tsing Hua Univ.,Taiwan)

Finance Chair Tai-Lang Jong (National Tsing Hua Univ.,Taiwan)

Publication Chair Rachel Chiang (National Chung Cheng Univ.,Taiwan)

Tutorial and InvitedSpeaker Chairs Chia-Wen Lin (National Chung Cheng Univ.,

Taiwan)Award Co-chairs Jin-Jang Leou (National Chung Cheng Univ.,

Taiwan)Chia-Wen Lin (National Chung Cheng Univ.,

Taiwan)Exhibition Chair Chung-Lin Huang (National Tsing Hua Univ.,

Taiwan)Exhibition Co-chairs Chung-Lin Huang (National Tsing Hua Univ.,

Taiwan)Charng-Long Lee (Sunplus Tech. Co.,

Taiwan)Webmaster Chao-Kuei Hsieh (National Tsing Hua Univ.,

Taiwan)Steering Committee Kap Luk Chan (Nanyang Technological Univ.,

Singapore)Yung-Chang Chen (National Tsing Hua Univ.,

Taiwan)

VIII Organization

Yo-Sung Ho (Gwangju Institute of Science andTech., Korea)

Reinhard Klette (The Univ. of Auckland,New Zealand)

Mohan M. Trivedi (Univ.of California at SanDiego, USA)

Theme Co-chairs

3D Scene ModelingDomingo Mery (Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Chile)Long Quan (The Hong Kong Univ. of Science and Technology, Hong Kong)

Image AnalysisChia-Yen Chen (National Chung Cheng Univ., Taiwan)Kazuhiko Kawamoto (Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan)

Intelligent Vision ApplicationsKap Luk Chan (Nanyang Technological Univ., Singapore)Chin-Teng Lin (National Chiao-Tung Univ., Taiwan)

Multimedia Compression and TransmissionRamakrishna Kakarala (Avago Technologies, USA)Shipeng Li (Microsoft Research Asia, China)

Multimedia Signal ProcessingYo-Sung Ho (Gwangju Institute of Science and Tech., Korea)Ya-Ping Wong (Multimedia University, Malaysia)

Panoramic Imaging and Distributed Video SystemsKenichi Kanatani (Okayama University, Japan)Mohan M. Trivedi (Univ. of California at San Diego, USA)

Sensors TechnologiesCharng-Long Lee (Sunplus Tech. Co., Taiwan)Y. Tim Tsai (ITRI, Taiwan)

VisualizationMasa Takatsuka (The Univ. of Sydney, Australia)Yangsheng Wang (CBSR, CASIA, China)

Organization IX

Program Committee

3D Scene Modeling

Chi-Fa Chen (I-Shou Univ., Taiwan)Boris Escalante (Univ. Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico)Andre Gagalowicz (INRIA, France)Nancy Hitschfeld (Universidad de Chile, Chile)Yi-Ping Hung (National Taiwan Univ., Taiwan)Atsushi Imiya (Chiba Univ., Japan)Nahum Kiryati (Tel Aviv Univ., Israel)Brendan McCane (Univ. of Otago, New Zealand)Domingo Mery (Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Chile)Luis Pizarro (Saarland Univ., Germany)Long Quan (The Hong Kong Univ. of Science and Technology, Hong Kong)Fernando Rannou (Univ. Santiago de Chile, Chile)Bodo Rosenhahn (MPI, Germany)Luis Rueda (Univ. Concepcion, Chile)Hideo Saito (Keio Univ., Japan)Robert Valkenburg (Industrial Research Ltd., New Zealand)

Image Analysis

Ruey-Feng Chang (National Taiwan Univ., Taiwan)Chia-Yen Chen (The Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand)Sei-Wang Chen (National Taiwan Normal Univ., Taiwan)Li Chen (Univ. of the District of Columbia, USA)Hidekata Hontani (Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan)Norikazu Ikoma (Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan)Xiaoyi Jiang (Univ. of Munster, Germany)Kazuhiko Kawamoto (Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan)Yukiko Kenmochi (French Natl. Center for Scientific Research, France)Yoon Ho Kim (Mokwon Univ., Korea)Anthony Maeder (CSIRO, ICT Centre, Australia)Akira Nakamura (Hiroshima, Japan)Hajime Nobuhara (Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan)Nicolai Petkov (Groningen Univ., Netherlands)Gerd Stanke (GFaI, Germany)Akihiro Sugimoto (National Instutite of Informatics, Japan)Yung-Nien Sun (National Cheng Kung Univ., Taiwan)Toru Tamaki (Hiroshima Univ., Japan)Evelyn L. Tan (Univ. of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines)Petra Wiederhold (CINVESTAV, Mexico)Huabei Zhou (Wuhan Univ., China)

X Organization

Intelligent Vision Applications

Jacky Baltes (Univ. of Manitoba, Canada)John Barron (Univ. of Western Ontario, Canada)Chris Bowman (Industrial Research Ltd., New Zealand)Thomas Braunl (The Univ. of Western Australia, Australia)Kap Luk Chan (Nanyang Technological Univ., Singapore)How-lung Eng (Institute of Infocomm. Research, Singapore)Uwe Franke (DaimlerChrysler AG, Machine Perception, Germany)Jessie Jin (Univ. of Newcastle, Australia)Ron Kimmel (Technion, Israel)Chin-Teng Lin (National Chiao Tung Univ., Taiwan)Brian Lovell (The Univ. of Queensland, Australia)Herbert Suesse (Jena Univ., Germany)Shuicheng Yan (Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA)Su Yang (Fudan Univ., China)Wei Yun Yau (Institute of Infocomm. Research, Singapore)

Multimedia Compression and Transmission

Mei-Juan Chen (National Dong-Hwa Univ., Taiwan)Markus Flierl (Stanford Univ., USA)Wenjen Ho (Institutes of Information Industry, Taiwan)Ramakrishna Kakarala (Avago Technologies, USA)Andreas Koschan (Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA)Chang-Ming Lee (National Chung Cheng Univ., Taiwan)Shipeng Li (Microsoft Research Asia, China)Vincenzo Liguore (Ocean Logic Pty Ltd., Australia)Yan Lu (Microsoft Research Asia, China)Lei Ming (TVIA Inc., USA)Philip Ogunbona (Univ. of Wollongong, Australia)Volker Rodehorst (Tenchnische Universitat Berlin, Germany)Gary Sullivan (Microsoft Corporation, USA)Alexis M. Tourapis (Dolby Corporation, USA)Feng Wu (Microsoft Research Asia, China)Chia-Hung Yeh (National Dong-Hwa Univ., Taiwan)Lu Yu (Zhejiang Univ., China)Bing Zeng (The Hong Kong Univ. of Science and Technology, Hong Kong)

Multimedia Signal Processing

Oscar Au (The Hong Kong Univ. of Science and Technology, Hong Kong)Berlin Chen (National Taiwan Normal Univ., Taiwan)Yo-Sung Ho (Gwangju Institute of Science and Tech., Korea)JunWei Hsieh (Yuan-Ze Univ., Taiwan)Hideaki Kimata (NTT, Japan)Yung-Lyul Lee (Sejong Univ., Korea)

Organization XI

Xuelong Li (Univ. of London, UK)Aljoscha Smolic (Fraunhofer-HHI, Germany)Kwanghoon Sohn (Yonsei Univ., Korea)Yeping Su (Thomson Co., USA)Masayuki Tanimoto (Nagoya Univ., Japan)Ya-Ping Wong (Multimedia Univ., Malaysia)Marcel Worring (Univ. of Amsterdam, Netherlands)

Panoramic Imaging and Distributed Video Systems

Narendra Ahuja (Beckman Institute, Univ. of Illinois, USA)Elli Angelopoulou (Stevens Inst. of Technology, USA)Naoki Chiba (SANYO North America Corporation, USA)Tomio Echigo (Osaka Univ., Japan)Tarak Gandhi (CVRR, USA)Fay Huang (National Yi-Lan Univ., Taiwan)Kohsia Huang (CVRR, USA)Naoyuki Ichimura (AIST, Japan)Kenichi Kanatani (Okayama Univ., Japan)Sangho Park (CVRR, USA)Shmuel Peleg (Hebrew Univ., Israel)Richard Radke (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA)Nobutaka Shimada (Ritsumeikan Univ., Japan)Mohan Trivedi (CVRR, USA)

Sensor Technologies

Anko Boerner (German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany)Oscal T.-C. Chen (National Chung Cheng Univ., Taiwan)Chiou-Shann Fuh (National Taiwan Univ., Taiwan)Herbert Jahn (German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany)Charng-Long Lee (Sunplus Inc., Taiwan)C.F. Lin (Yuan Zhe Univ., Taiwan)Y.T. Liu (Altek Inc., Taiwan)Bruce MacDonald (The Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand)John Morris (The Univ.of Auckland, New Zealand)Ralf Reulke (Humboldt Univ., Germany)Martin Scheele (German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany)Ewe Hong Tat (Multimedia Univ., Malaysia)Y. Tim Tsai (ITRI, Taiwan)Sheng-Jyh Wang (National Chiao Tung Univ., Taiwan)David Yuen (Univ. of Southampton, UK)

Visualization

Thomas Buelow (Philips Research Lab., Germany)Patrice Delmas (The Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand)David Dagan Feng (Hong Kong Polytech. Univ., Hong Kong)

XII Organization

Richard Green (Univ. of Canterburyh, New Zealand)Reinhard Koch (Christian-Albrechts-Univ. of Kiel, Germany)Damon Shing-Min Liu (National Chung Cheng Univ., Taiwan)Ngoc-Minh Le (HCMC Univ. of Technology, Vietnam)Andrew Vande Moere (Univ. of Sydney, Australia)Shigeru Owada (Sony CSL, Japan)Masa Takatsuka (The Univ. of Sydney, Australia)Matthias Teschner (Freiburg Univ., Germany)Yangsheng Wang (CBSR, CASIA, China)Michael Wilkinson (Groningen Univ., Netherlands)Jason Wood (The Univ. of Leeds, UK)

Reviewers

Narendra AhujaKiyoharu AizawaElli AngelopoulouMohsen AshourianOscar AuJacky BaltesJohn BarronAnko BoernerChris BowmanThomas BuelowHyeran ByunKap Luk ChanChuan-Yu ChangI-Cheng ChangKevin Y.-J. ChangLong-Wen ChangBerlin ChenChaur-Chin ChenChi-Fa ChenChia-Yen ChenChih-Ming ChenLing-Hwei ChenJiann-Jone ChenLi ChenMei-Juan ChenOscal T.-C. ChenSei-Wang ChenShu-Yuan ChenYong-Sheng ChenFang-Hsuan ChengShyi-Chyi Cheng

Cheng-Chin ChiangRachel ChiangNaoki ChibaYoon Sik ChoeChun-Hsien ChouCheng-Hung ChuangJen-Hui ChuangPau-Choo ChungPatrice DelmasTomio EchigoHow-lung EngBoris EscalanteChih-Peng FanChiung-Yao FangMarkus FlierlUwe FrankeChiou-Shann FuhZhi-Wei GaoRichard GreenNobuhara HajimeChin-Chuan HanHsueh-Ming HangYutaka HatakeyamaMahmoudReza HejaziNancy HitschfeldWenjen HoJin Woo HongHidekata HontaniYea-Shuan HuangHsu-Feng HsiaoJunWei Hsieh

Chiou-Ting HsuSpencer Y.HsuNaoyuki IchimuraNorikazu IkomaAtsushi ImiyaHerbert JahnByeungwoo JeonHong JeongXiaoyi JiangJesse JinYoungki JungRamakrishna KakaralaYasushi KanazawaLi Wei KangKazuhiko KawamotoHideaki KawanoYukiko KenmochiChnag-Ik KimDongsik KimHae-Kwang KimHyoung Joong KimJae-Gon KimJin Woong KimMunchurl KimSang-Kyun KimYong Han KimYoon Ho KimRon KimmelNahum KiryatiReinhard KochAndreas Koschan

Organization XIII

Ki Ryong KwonShang-Hong LaiNgoc-Minh LeChang-Ming LeeCharng-Long LeeJia-Hong LeePei-Jun LeeSangyoun LeeYung-Lyul LeeShipeng LiMark LiaoWen-Nung LieCheng-Chang LienJenn-Jier James LienVincenzo LiguoreChia-Wen LinChin-Teng LinGuo-Shiang LinHuei-Yung LinShin-Feng LinTom LinDamon Shing-Min LiuYuante LiuChun Shien LuMeng-Ting LuYan LuBruce MacDonaldBrendan McCaneDomingo MeryShaou-Gang MiaouAndrew Vande MoereKyung Ae MoonKen’ichi MorookaJohn Morris

Akira NakamuraPhilip OgunbonaSeung-Jun OhShigeru OwadaJeng-Shyang PanHyun Wook ParkJong-II ParkShmuel PelegNicolai PetkovLuis PizarroRichard RadkeFernando RannouRalf ReulkeVolker RodehorstBodo RosenhahnLuis RuedaGary SullivanHideo SaitoTomoya SakaiDay-Fann ShenJau-Ling ShihNobutaka ShimadaDonggyu SimKwanghoon SohnHwang-Jun SongGerd StankeMu-Chun SuPo-Chyi SuAkihiro SugimotoJae-Won SuhSang Hoon SullHung-Min SunYung-Nien SunAramvith Supavadee

Alexis M. TourapisToru TamakiEwe Hong TatMatthias TeschnerC.-J. TsaiCheng-Fa TsaiChia-Ling TsaiY. Tim TsaiChien-Cheng TsengDin-Chang TsengRobert ValkenburgChieh-Chih WangSheng-Jyh WangWen-Hao WangYuan-Kai WangMichael WilkinsonChee Sun WonJason WoodFeng WuHsien-Huang P. WuShuicheng YanJar-Ferr YangMau-Tsuen YangSu YangZhi-Fang YangWei Yun YauChia-Hung YehTakanori YokoyamaLu YuSung-Nien YuDavid YuenHuabei ZhouZhi Zhou

Sponsoring Institutions

National Tsing Hua University (NTHU)National Chung Cheng University (NCCU)The University of Auckland (UoA)National Science Council (NSC)Ministry of Education (MoE)Sunplus Technology Co.National Center for High-Performance Computing (NCHC)Institute for Information Industry (III)

Table of Contents

3D Scene Modeling

Error Analysis of Feature Based Disparity Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Patrick A. Mikulastik, Hellward Broszio, Thorsten Thormahlen, andOnay Urfalioglu

Collinearity and Coplanarity Constraints for Structure from Motion . . . . 13Gang Liu, Reinhard Klette, and Bodo Rosenhahn

Reconstruction of Building Models with Curvilinear Boundariesfrom Laser Scanner and Aerial Imagery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Liang-Chien Chen, Tee-Ann Teo, Chi-Heng Hsieh, andJiann-Yeou Rau

The Generation of 3D Tree Models by the Integration of Multi-sensorData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Liang-Chien Chen, Tee-Ann Teo, and Tsai-Wei Chiang

LOD Generation for 3D Polyhedral Building Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Jiann-Yeou Rau, Liang-Chien Chen, Fuan Tsai,Kuo-Hsin Hsiao, and Wei-Chen Hsu

Octree Subdivision Using Coplanar Criterion for Hierarchical PointSimplification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Pai-Feng Lee, Chien-Hsing Chiang, Juin-Ling Tseng,Bin-Shyan Jong, and Tsong-Wuu Lin

Dimension Reduction in 3D Gesture Recognition Using MeshlessParameterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Yunli Lee, Dongwuk Kyoung, Eunjung Han, and Keechul Jung

Target Calibration and Tracking Using Conformal GeometricAlgebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Yilan Zhao, Robert Valkenburg, Reinhard Klette, andBodo Rosenhahn

Robust Pose Estimation with 3D Textured Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Juergen Gall, Bodo Rosenhahn, and Hans-Peter Seidel

Multi-scale 3D-Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Karsten Scheibe, Michael Suppa, Heiko Hirschmuller,Bernhard Strackenbrock, Fay Huang, Rui Liu, and Gerd Hirzinger

XVI Table of Contents

Image Analysis

Boundary Based Orientation of Polygonal Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Jovisa Zunic

LPP and LPP Mixtures for Graph Spectral Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Bin Luo and Sibao Chen

The Invariance Properties of Chromatic Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128Yun-Chung Chung, Shyang-Lih Chang, Shen Cherng, andSei-Wang Chen

A Scale Invariant Surface Curvature Estimator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138John Rugis and Reinhard Klette

N -Point Hough Transform Derived by Geometric Duality . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148Yoshihiko Mochizuki, Akihiko Torii, and Atsushi Imiya

Guided Importance Sampling Based Particle Filtering for VisualTracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Kazuhiko Kawamoto

Intelligent Spot Detection for 2-DE Gel Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168Yi-Sheng Liu, Shu-Yuan Chen, Ya-Ting Chao, Ru-Sheng Liu,Yuan-Ching Tsai, and Jaw-Shu Hsieh

Gaze Estimation from Low Resolution Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178Yasuhiro Ono, Takahiro Okabe, and Yoichi Sato

Image Similarity Comparison Using Dual-Tree Wavelet Transform . . . . . . 189Mong-Shu Lee, Li-yu Liu, and Fu-Sen Lin

A Novel Supervised Dimensionality Reduction Algorithm for OnlineImage Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Fengxi Song, David Zhang, Qinglong Chen, and Jingyu Yang

Feature Selection Based on Run Covering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208Su Yang, Jianning Liang, Yuanyuan Wang, and Adam Winstanley

Automated Detection of the Left Ventricle from 4D MR Images:Validation Using Large Clinical Datasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Xiang Lin, Brett Cowan, and Alistair Young

Two Thresholding for Deriving the Bi-level Document Image . . . . . . . . . . 228Yu-Kumg Chen and Yi-Fan Chang

A Novel Merging Criterion Incorporating Boundary Smoothnessand Region Homogeneity for Image Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

Zhi-Gang Tan, Xiao-Chen He, and Nelson H.C. Yung

Table of Contents XVII

A New Local-Feature Framework for Scale-Invariant Detectionof Partially Occluded Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Andrzej Sluzek

Color Correction System Using a Color Compensation Chartfor the Images from Digital Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Seok-Han Lee, Sang-Won Um, and Jong-Soo Choi

A Comparison of Similarity Measures for 2D Rigid MR ImageRegistration Using Wavelet Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

Shutao Li, Shengchu Deng, and Jinglin Peng

Finding the Shortest Path Between Two Points in a Simple Polygonby Applying a Rubberband Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Fajie Li and Reinhard Klette

Facial Expressions Recognition in a Single Static as well as DynamicFacial Images Using Tracking and Probabilistic Neural Networks . . . . . . . 292

Hadi Seyedarabi, Won-Sook Lee, Ali Aghagolzadeh, andSohrab Khanmohammadi

Application of 3D Co-occurrence Features to Terrain Classification . . . . . 305Dong-Min Woo, Dong-Chul Park, Seung-Soo Han, andQuoc-Dat Nguyen

(2D)2 DLDA for Efficient Face Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314Dong-uk Cho, Un-dong Chang, Kwan-dong Kim,Bong-hyun Kim, and Se-hwan Lee

Automatic Skull Segmentation and Registration for Tissue ChangeMeasurement After Mandibular Setback Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Jeongjin Lee, Namkug Kim, Ho Lee, Suk-Ho Kang,Jae-Woo Park, and Young-Il Chang

Voting Method for Stable Range Optical Flow Computation . . . . . . . . . 332Atsushi Imiya and Daisuke Yamada

Shadow Removal for Foreground Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342Kuo-Hua Lo, Mau-Tsuen Yang, and Rong-Yu Lin

A Unified Approach for Combining ASM into AAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353Jaewon Sung and Daijin Kim

Variational Approach to Cardiac Motion Estimation for Small Animalsin Tagged Magnetic Resonance Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Hsun-Hsien Chang

Performance Assessment of Image Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373Qiang Wang and Yi Shen

XVIII Table of Contents

Possibilistic C-Template Clustering and Its Application in ObjectDetection in Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Tsaipei Wang

Position Estimation of Solid Balls from Handy Camera for PoolSupporting System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

Hideaki Uchiyama and Hideo Saito

Shape Retrieval Using Statistical Chord-Length Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403Chaojian Shi and Bin Wang

Multifocus Image Sequences for Iris Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411Byungjun Son, Sung-Hyuk Cha, and Yillbyung Lee

Projection Method for Geometric Modeling of High Resolution SatelliteImages Applying Different Approximations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Fahim Arif, Muhammad Akbar, and An-Ming Wu

Intelligent Vision Applications

Global Localization of Mobile Robot Using Omni-directional ImageCorrelation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

Sukjune Yoon, Woosup Han, Seung Ki Min, and Kyung Shik Roh

Computer-Aided Vision System for MURA-Type Defect Inspectionin Liquid Crystal Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

Hong-Dar Lin and Singa Wang Chiu

Effective Detector and Kalman Filter Based Robust Face TrackingSystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

Chi-Young Seong, Byung-Du Kang, Jong-Ho Kim, andSang-Kyun Kim

Recognizing Multiple Billboard Advertisements in Videos . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463Naoyuki Ichimura

Occlusion Detection and Tracking Method Based on Bayesian DecisionTheory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

Yan Zhou, Bo Hu, and Jianqiu Zhang

Pedestrian Recognition in Far-Infrared Images by CombiningBoosting-Based Detection and Skeleton-Based Stochastic Tracking . . . . . 483

Ryusuke Miyamoto, Hiroki Sugano, Hiroaki Saito, Hiroshi Tsutsui,Hiroyuki Ochi, Ken’ichi Hatanaka, and Yukihiro Nakamura

Unsupervised Texture Segmentation Based on Watershed and a NovelArtificial Immune Antibody Competitive Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

Wenlong Huang and Licheng Jiao

Table of Contents XIX

A Novel Driving Pattern Recognition and Status Monitoring System . . . 504Jiann-Der Lee, Jiann-Der Li, Li-Chang Liu, and Chi-Ming Chen

Advances on Automated Multiple View Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513Domingo Mery and Miguel Carrasco

Target Tracking and Positioning on Video Sequence from a MovingVideo Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

Chi-Farn Chen and Min-Hsin Chen

Radiometrically-Compensated Projection onto Non-Lambertian SurfaceUsing Multiple Overlapping Projectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534

Hanhoon Park, Moon-Hyun Lee, Byung-Kuk Seo,Hong-Chang Shin, and Jong-Il Park

Motion Detection in Complex and Dynamic Backgrounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545Daeyong Park, Junbeom Kim, Jaemin Kim, Seongwon Cho, andSun-Tae Chung

Effective Face Detection Using a Small Quantity of Training Data . . . . . . 553Byung-Du Kang, Jong-Ho Kim, Chi-Young Seong, andSang-Kyun Kim

A New Passage Ranking Algorithm for Video Question Answering . . . . . 563Yu-Chieh Wu, Yue-Shi Lee, Jie-Chi Yang, and Show-Jane Yen

Fusion of Luma and Chroma GMMs for HMM-Based ObjectDetection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573

Wen-Hao Wang and Ruei-Cheng Wu

Undistorted Projection onto Dynamic Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582Hanhoon Park, Moon-Hyun Lee, Byung-Kuk Seo, and Jong-Il Park

Robust Moving Object Detection on Moving Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591Ming-Yu Shih and Bwo-Chau Fu

Automatic Selection and Detection of Visual Landmarks Using MultipleSegmentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

Daniel Langdon, Alvaro Soto, and Domingo Mery

Hybrid Camera Surveillance System by Using Stereo Omni-directionalSystem and Robust Human Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611

Kenji Iwata, Yutaka Satoh, Ikushi Yoda, and Katsuhiko Sakaue

Robust TV News Story Identification Via Visual Characteristicsof Anchorperson Scenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621

Chia-Hung Yeh, Min-Kuan Chang, Ko-Yen Lu, and Maverick Shih

Real-Time Automatic Calibration for Omni-display in UbiquitousComputing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631

Dongwuk Kyoung, Yunli Lee, Eunjung Han, and Keechul Jung

XX Table of Contents

Face Occlusion Detection for Automated Teller Machine Surveillance . . . 641Daw-Tung Lin and Ming-Ju Liu

Automatic Pose-Normalized 3D Face Modeling and RecognitionSystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652

Sunjin Yu, Kwontaeg Choi, and Sangyoun Lee

Vision-Based Game Interface Using Human Gesture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662Hye Sun Park, Do Joon Jung, and Hang Joon Kim

Terminal Phase Vision-Based Target Recognition and 3D PoseEstimation for a Tail-Sitter, Vertical Takeoff and Landing UnmannedAir Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672

Allen C. Tsai, Peter W. Gibbens, and R. Hugh Stone

Detection of Traffic Lights for Vision-Based Car Navigation System . . . . 682Tae-Hyun Hwang, In-Hak Joo, and Seong-Ik Cho

What Is the Average Human Face? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692George Mamic, Clinton Fookes, and Sridha Sridharan

An Improved Real-Time Contour Tracking Algorithm UsingFast Level Set Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702

Myo Thida, Kap Luk Chan, and How-Lung Eng

Multimedia Compression and Transmission

Dynamic Perceptual Quality Control Strategy for Mobile MultimediaTransmission Via Watermarking Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712

Chin-Lun Lai

A Rate Control Using Adaptive Model-Based Quantization . . . . . . . . . . . . 722Seonki Kim, Tae-Jung Kim, Sang-Bong Lee, and Jae-Won Suh

The Design of Single Encoder and Decoder for Multi-view Video . . . . . . . 732Haksoo Kim and Manbae Kim

Vector Quantization in SPIHT Image Codec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742Rafi Mohammad and Christopher F. Barnes

Objective Image Quality Evaluation for JPEG, JPEG 2000,and Vidware VisionTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751

Chung-Hao Chen, Yi Yao, David L. Page, Besma Abidi,Andreas Koschan, and Mongi Abidi

Efficient H.264 Encoding Based on Skip Mode Early Termination . . . . . . 761Tien-Ying Kuo and Hsin-Ju Lu

Table of Contents XXI

Low-Power H.264 Deblocking Filter Algorithm and Its SoCImplementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771

Byung-Joo Kim, Jae-Il Koo, Min-Cheol Hong, and Seongsoo Lee

Rate Control Scheme for Video Coding Using Low-Memory-CostLook-Up Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780

Linjian Mo, Chun Chen, Jiajun Bu, Xu Li, and Zhi Yang

Adaptive GOP Bit Allocation to Provide Seamless Video Streamingin Vertical Handoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791

Dinh Trieu Duong, Hye-Soo Kim, Le Thanh Ha, Jae-Yun Jeong,and Sung-Jea Ko

Memory-Efficiency and High-Speed Architectures for Forwardand Inverse DCT with Multiplierless Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802

Tze-Yun Sung, Mao-Jen Sun, Yaw-Shih Shieh, and Hsi-Chin Hsin

Unequal Priority Arrangement for Delivering Streaming Videos overDifferentiated Service Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812

Chu-Chuan Lee, Pao-Chi Chang, and Shih-Jung Chuang

A New Macroblock-Layer Rate Control for H.264/AVC Using QuadraticR-D Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822

Nam-Rye Son, Yoon-Jeong Shin, Jae-Myung Yoo, andGuee-Sang Lee

Selective Quality Control of Multiple Video Programs for DigitalBroadcasting Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832

Hong-Yeon Yu, Aaron Park, Keun Won Jang, Jin Park,Seong-Joon Baek, Dong Kook Kim, Young-Chul Kim, andSung-Hoon Hong

Joint Source-Channel Video Coding Based on the Optimizationof End-to-End Distortions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842

Wen-Nung Lie, Zhi-Wei Gao, Tung-Lin Liu, and Ping-Chang Jui

A Temporal Error Concealment Method Based on Edge AdaptiveBoundary Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852

Hyun-Soo Kang, Yong-Woo Kim, and Tae-Yong Kim

Fractional Full-Search Motion Estimation VLSI Architecturefor H.264/AVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861

Chien-Min Ou, Huang-Chun Roan, and Wen-Jyi Hwang

Motion JPEG2000 Coding Scheme Based on Human Visual Systemfor Digital Cinema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869

Jong Han Kim, Sang Beom Kim, and Chee Sun Won

XXII Table of Contents

Wavelet-Based Image Compression with Polygon-Shaped Regionof Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878

Yao-Tien Chen, Din-Chang Tseng, and Pao-Chi Chang

Buffer Occupancy Feedback Security Control and Changing EncryptionKeys to Protect MOD Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888

Jen-Chieh Lai and Chia-Hui Wang

H.264-Based Depth Map Sequence Coding Using Motion Informationof Corresponding Texture Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898

Han Oh and Yo-Sung Ho

A Novel Macroblock-Layer Rate-Distortion Model for Rate ControlScheme of H.264/AVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908

Tsung-Han Chiang and Sheng-Jyh Wang

A Geometry-Driven Hierarchical Compression Technique for TriangleMeshes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919

Chang-Min Chou and Din-Chang Tseng

Shape Preserving Hierarchical Triangular Mesh for MotionEstimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929

Dong-Gyu Lee and Su-Young Han

Parameter Selection of Robust Fine Granularity Scalable Video Codingover MPEG-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939

Shao-Yu Wang and Sheng-Jyh Wang

Adaptive QoS Control for Scalable Video Streaming over WLAN . . . . . . . 949Hee Young Cho, Doug Young Suh, and Gwang Hoon Park

H.264 Intra Mode Decision for Reducing Complexity Using DirectionalMasks and Neighboring Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 959

Jongho Kim, Kicheol Jeon, and Jechang Jeong

Seamless Channel Transition for BroadCatch Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969Yukon Chang and Shou-Li Hsu

Spatial Interpolation Algorithm for Consecutive Block Error Usingthe Just-Noticeable-Distortion Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979

Su-Yeol Jeon, Chae-Bong Sohn, Ho-Chong Park,Chang-Beom Ahn, and Seoung-Jun Oh

Error Resilient Motion Estimation for Video Coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988Wen-Nung Lie, Zhi-Wei Gao, Wei-Chih Chen, andPing-Chang Jui

Table of Contents XXIII

Multimedia Signal Processing

A Novel Scrambling Scheme for Digital Video Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997Zhenyong Chen, Zhang Xiong, and Long Tang

An Electronic Watermarking Technique for Digital Hologramsin a DWT Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007

Hyun-Jun Choi, Young-Ho Seo, Ji-Sang Yoo, and Dong-Wook Kim

Off-Line Signature Verification Based on Directional GradientSpectrum and a Fuzzy Classifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018

Young Woon Woo, Soowhan Han, and Kyung Shik Jang

Automatic Annotation and Retrieval for Videos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1030Fangshi Wang, De Xu, Wei Lu, and Hongli Xu

Application of Novel Chaotic Neural Networks to Text ClassificationBased on PCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1041

Jin Zhang, Guang Li, and Walter J. Freeman

Lip Localization Based on Active Shape Model and Gaussian MixtureModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1049

Kyung Shik Jang, Soowhan Han, Imgeun Lee, andYoung Woon Woo

Multi-scale MAP Estimation of High-Resolution Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1059Shubin Zhao

Fast Transcoding Algorithm from MPEG2 to H.264 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1067Donghyung Kim and Jechang Jeong

A New Display-Capture Based Mobile Watermarking System . . . . . . . . . . 1075Jong-Wook Bae, Bo-Ho Cho, and Sung-Hwan Jung

Adaptive Data Hiding for Images Based on Harr Discrete WaveletTransform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1085

Bo-Luen Lai and Long-Wen Chang

Error Concealment in Video Communications by InformedWatermarking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1094

Chowdary Adsumilli, Sanjit Mitra, Taesuk Oh, andYong Cheol Kim

Dirty-Paper Trellis-Code Watermarking with Orthogonal Arcs . . . . . . . . . 1103Taekyung Kim, Taesuk Oh, Yong Cheol Kim, and Seongjong Choi

An Efficient Object Tracking Algorithm with Adaptive Predictionof Initial Searching Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1113

Jiyan Pan, Bo Hu, and Jian Qiu Zhang

XXIV Table of Contents

An Automatic Personal TV Scheduler Based on HMM for IntelligentBroadcasting Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1123

Agus Syawal Yudhistira, Munchurl Kim, Hieyong Kim, andHankyu Lee

Increasing the Effect of Fingers in Fingerspelling Hand Shapesby Thick Edge Detection and Correlation with Penalization . . . . . . . . . . . 1133

Oguz Altun and Songul Albayrak

Binary Edge Based Adaptive Motion Correction for Accurateand Robust Digital Image Stabilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1142

Ohyun Kwon, Byungdeok Nam, and Joonki Paik

Contrast Enhancement Using Adaptively Modified HistogramEqualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1150

Hyoung-Joon Kim, Jong-Myung Lee, Jin-Aeon Lee,Sang-Geun Oh, and Whoi-Yul Kim

A Novel Fade Detection Algorithm on H.264/AVC CompressedDomain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1159

Bita Damghanian, Mahmoud Reza Hashemi, andMohammad Kazem Akbari

A Representation of WOS Filters Through Support Vector Machine . . . . 1168W.C. Chen and J.H. Jeng

Detection Method and Removing Filter for Corner Outliers in HighlyCompressed Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1177

Jongho Kim, Kicheol Jeon, and Jechang Jeong

Accurate Foreground Extraction Using Graph Cut with TrimapEstimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1185

Jung-Ho Ahn and Hyeran Byun

Panoramic Imaging and Distributed Video Systems

Homography Optimization for Consistent Circular PanoramaGeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1195

Masatoshi Sakamoto, Yasuyuki Sugaya, and Kenichi Kanatani

Graph-Based Global Optimization for the Registration of a Setof Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1206

Hui Zhou

One-Dimensional Search for Reliable Epipole Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1215Tsuyoshi Migita and Takeshi Shakunaga

Table of Contents XXV

Sensor Technologies

Image Technology for Camera-Based Automatic Guided Vehicle . . . . . . . 1225Young-Jae Ryoo

An Efficient Demosaiced Image Enhancement Method for a Low CostSingle-Chip CMOS Image Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1234

Wonjae Lee, Seongjoo Lee, and Jaeseok Kim

Robust Background Subtraction for Quick Illumination Changes . . . . . . . 1244Shinji Fukui, Yuji Iwahori, Hidenori Itoh, Haruki Kawanaka, andRobert J. Woodham

A New Sampling Method of Auto Focus for Voice Coil Motorin Camera Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1254

Wei Hsu, Chiou-Shann Fuh

Visualization

A Fast Trapeziums-Based Method for Soft Shadow Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . 1264Difei Lu and Xiuzi Ye

Photo-Consistent Motion Blur Modeling for Realistic ImageSynthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1273

Huei-Yung Lin and Chia-Hong Chang

Integration of GPS, GIS and Photogrammetry for Texture Mappingin Photo-Realistic City Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1283

Jiann-Yeou Rau, Tee-Ann Teo, Liang-Chien Chen, Fuan Tsai,Kuo-Hsin Hsiao, and Wei-Chen Hsu

Focus + Context Visualization with Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1293Yingcai Wu, Huamin Qu, Hong Zhou, and Ming-Yuen Chan

Exploiting Spatial-temporal Coherence in the Construction of MultiplePerspective Videos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1303

Mau-Tsuen Yang, Shih-Yu Huang, Kuo-Hua Lo, Wen-Kai Tai, andCheng-Chin Chiang

A Perceptual Framework for Comparisons of Direct Volume RenderedImages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1314

Hon-Cheng Wong, Huamin Qu, Un-Hong Wong, Zesheng Tang, andKlaus Mueller

Hierarchical Contribution Culling for Fast Rendering of ComplexScenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1324

Jong-Seung Park and Bum-Jong Lee

XXVI Table of Contents

Hierarchical Blur Identification from Severely Out-of-Focus Images . . . . . 1334Jungsoo Lee, Yoonjong Yoo, Jeongho Shin, and Joonki Paik

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1343