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11/1/2020
1
Electromagnetics:
Microwave Engineering
Luneburg Lens
Outline
•What is a Luneburg lens?
•Numerical studies
2
Rudolf Karl Lüneburg20 March 1903 – 19 August 1949
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What is Luneburg Lens?
Slide 3
Definition of a Luneburg Lens
Slide 4
A Luneburg lens is a spherically symmetry gradient‐index lens that focuses a plane wave at a single point on the opposite side of the lens. Used in the opposite direction, it will collimate a point source placed at the edge of the lens.
2
r 2r
rR
radial position
radius of lens
r
R
2R
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Simulation of a Luneburg Lens
Slide 5
Ideal Luneburg Lens Effective Medium Luneburg Lens
Commercial Luneburg Lenses
Slide 6https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Parts_of_a_Luneburg_lens.jpg
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3D Printed Luneburg Lenses
Slide 7https://3dprintingindustry.com/news/lunewave‐3d‐printed‐lenses‐eyes‐autonomous‐cars‐120316/
Luneburg Lens at Optical Frequencies
Slide 8Zhao, Yuan-Yuan, et al. "Three-dimensional Luneburg lens at optical frequencies." Laser & Photonics Reviews 10.4 (2016): 665-672.
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Flat Luneburg Lens
Slide 9
Mateo-Segura, Carolina, et al. "Flat Luneburg lens via transformation optics for directive antenna applications." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 62.4 (2014): 1945-1953.
Numerical Studies
Slide 10
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Maximum Permittivity Tolerable
Slide 11
2
r r,min r,max r,min
rr
R
Due to manufacturing, it may not be possible to achieve permittivity exactly at 2.0 and 1.0.
It is useful to study what is tolerable.
r,max 2.25
Minimum Permittivity Tolerable
Slide 12
2
r r,min r,max r,min
rr
R
Due to manufacturing, it may not be possible to achieve permittivity exactly at 2.0 and 1.0.
It is useful to study what is tolerable.
r,min 1.30
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Microwave Engineeringhttps://empossible.net/academics/emp4301_5302/