LECTURE: COMING TO AMERICA

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A M E R I C A .

FIRST PERMANENT SETTLEMENT

A-St. Augustine, Florida (Also called Fort Mose)

1-Settled by Spanish

OTHER SETTLEMENTS

A-Why build settlement/colonies?

1-Religious freedom

2-system of mercantilism

A) Policy of careful government regulation of the

economy in order to fill the nation’s treasury with

money (generally gold and silver)

B) Achieved through a favorable balance of trade

1) Sell more than buy (export more than

import)

2) Selling to colonies was considered

exporting, however bring items from the

colonies to the main country was not

considered importing

OTHER SETTLEMENTS

3- Hope of getting rich

A) gold

B) crops such as tobacco & cotton

C) timber

D) fish

4-Natural Resources

A) Would not have to buy them from other countries

5-Free land

OTHER SETTLEMENTS

B-Walter Raleigh

1-1585: Takes 100 men & boys to

form a colony in what is today

Virginia

A) Settles on Roanoke Island

B) Had rough winter

C) Settlers left in the Spring

when Sir Francis Drake

arrived with supplies

1) Problem: most men

were rich and did not

know how to do work

for themselves

OTHER SETTLEMENTS

2-1587: Returns with second group of men, women & children

A) Raliegh returns to England to get supplies

B) did not return until 1590

C) When he returned, there was no sign of any human life

except the word “CROATOAN” written on a post and “CRO”

written on a tree

D) This is still a mystery today of what happened to the people

1) In 2015, some archeologists have claimed to find

some remains of the Roanoke Colony

OTHER SETTLEMENTSC-1606: Jamestown founded

1-Named after King James I of England

2-built as a fort

3-location was easy to defend

4-Malaria led to many deaths

5-Soldiers were part of “high society” and not used to hard manual labor

6-poorly set for first winter-only 400 of 2000 settlers survived

7-chief crops: tobacco & potatoes

OTHER SETTLEMENTSC-1606: Jamestown founded

8-”Starving Time”

A) Period when Jamestown settlers ran our of food and could not

trade with Natives because of conflicts

B) Many tried to “run away” but supply ships saved them but many

did die

9-John Rolfe

A) Soldier/Leader at Jamestown

B) Marries Pocahontas

C) Creates process for curing tobacco, thus making Jamestown

profitable

OTHER SETTLEMENTS

D-Religious groups

1-1620: Pilgrims (a.k.a separationists)

A) Established Plymouth Colony (in modern-day Massachusetts)

B) Mayflower Compact

1) Not a government

2) an agreement to discuss matters that affect the

community

C) Leader: William Bradford

D) Native Americans helped Pilgrims survive by showing them how to grow new crops

1) Squanto: Leader of Native Americans who help Pilgrims

E) 1691: Becomes part of Massachusetts Bay Colony

OTHER SETTLEMENTS

2-1630: Puritans

A) Formed Massachusetts Bay Colony

B) 11 ships, 900 colonists

1) by 1640, 20,000 colonists

C) Anne Hutchinson

1) claimed to have revelations from God which

superseded the Bible

2) Arrested and tried for “Antinomian teaching”

(salvation achieved through faith, not following rules)

3) Banished from Mass. Bay Colony

4) Helped found Providence (Rhode Island)

OTHER SETTLEMENTS

2-1630: Puritans

D) Half-Way Covenant (1690’s)

1) Allowed grandchildren of those who did not have

personal conversion to participate in some church

affairs

2) Prior: only those who experienced conversion

could participate

3) demonstrated decline of “zealous piety”

E-Salem Witch Trials (1692-1693)

1) Accusations of people accused of being witches

2) 26 convicted (5 were pardoned; 1 escaped, 20

executed)

OTHER SETTLEMENTS

3-Quakers

A) 1681: Founded Pennsylvania under the direction of

William Penn

OTHER SETTLEMENTS

4-Roger Williams

A) Did not agree with Puritan

views

B) Kicked out of

Massachusetts

C) Bought land in 1636 and

founded Rhode Island

D) Accepted all religions

including Quakers and Jews

1) Catholics were

allowed to settle but

not allowed to

vote

OTHER SETTLEMENTS

5-Catholics

A) 1632: Maryland formed by Rich Catholics

B) 1649: Toleration Act

1) first colony to give religious freedom to Catholics

and Protestants

6-Connecticut

A) Founded by John Winthrop, migrated from Mass. Bay

7-New Hampshire: Settled in 1623

8-Carolinas: Settled by people who migrated from Virginia

9-Georgia: Set up as a penal colony, with strong agriculture and NO

SLAVES (called the Oglethorpe Plan)

OTHER SETTLEMENTS

E-Non-British

1-France

A) 1608: Quebec established

2-Netherlands

A) 1624: New Netherlands established

B) 1664: New Netherlands surrendered to the British and renamed New York,

then split into what becomes New York, New Jersey and Delaware

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIESA-Dutch West India Company

1-Joint-Stock Company that ran the colonies which became New Netherlands ((Later

New York)

A) Joint-Stock Company

1) Business system used by some explorers to raise money

2) People Invested with the hopes of profits

3) Much like modern “stocks” of corporations

2-Successful due to fur trade with Iroquois

B-Headright System

1-System used by Virginia Company to attract settlers

2-Promised 50 acres of land to each person AND 50 acres for each servant brought to

America

A) Encouraged Indentured Servatude

GOVERNING THE COLONIES: VIRGINIAA-House of Burgesses

1-Representative Assembly in Virginia

A) Voting began with all free men (Later changed to all free men

who owned land

B-Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

1- Led by Francis Bacon (Lived in Western Virginia)

2- Royal Governor, William Berkeley, enforced Royal Laws but was accused of not

protecting those living in Western Virginia from Native American attacks

3-Bacon let two raids on Native tribes and Berkeley had him arrested

4-Bacon’s forces attacked Jamestown, Berkeley barely escapes

5-British Troops put down revolt

RELIGIOUS CHANGES IN THE COLONIES

A-The Enlightenment (Late 1600’s-early 1700’s)

1-consists of the beliefs of Deism, where God created world and left it to

be explained by reason (no supernatural oversight of world)

2-Began in Europe and spread to Colonies and helped develop culture,

society and intellectualism

3-Included writings from:

A) Isaac Newton: Principia Mathematica

B) John Locke: Essay Concerning Human Understanding

C) Rene DesCartes: “I Think, Therefore I Am” concept

RELIGIOUS CHANGES IN THE COLONIESB-The First Great Awakening (1720-1750)

1-Series of Religious Revivals (In New England mostly)

2-Personal Repentance and faith to avoid Hell

3-Created Conflict among various religions, but helped bring them together to discuss similarities

4-Helped create early colleges (Princeton, Brown, Rutgers)

5-Main Preachers: George Whitefield & Jonathan Edwards

A) Jonathan Edwards

1) Promoted Personal religions experience,

predestination and reliance on God and divine Grace

2) One of his widely read sermons: “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

JOHN PETER ZENGER

A-Journalist who printed New York Daily Weekly Journal

1-1733: Zenger Arrested for Libel

A) Zenger published articles critical of the Royal Governor, William Cosby

B) Spent 8 months in jail waiting trial

C) When trial ended, jury took 10 minutes to determine verdict: Not Guilty

D) Basis of “Freedom of the Press” in Constitution