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Lecture
Biodiversity
Lecture 4: Outline
I. Species of the Day
II. Species Definitions
III.Other Related Concepts
IV. Types of Diversity
V. Distribution\Patterns of Biodiversity
VI. Species Management: Are they all created equal?
o Keystone species
o Surrogate species
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Species of the Day
Grizzly Bear(Ursus arctos horribilis)
Species of the Day
Grizzly Bear Video
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Species Definitions
• Morphological species definition
• Biological species definition
Geographic Variation of
SpeciesRock Pocket Mouse
(Perognathus intermedius)
“In all probability more paper has been consumed on the questions of the nature and definition of the species than any other subject in evolutionary and systematic biology” ~E.O. Wiley, 1978
Other Definitions
• Species• Population• Community• Ecosystem• Biome
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Trophic HierarchyHow are living organisms on our planet connected?
Species on our planet:
Jon Feldsa (1991)Udzungwaq Partridge(Xenoperdix udzungwensis)(Xenoperdix udzungwensis)
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Species on our planet:
Coelacanth(Latimeria chalumnae)
Figure 3.6 Estimates of described species
Types of Diversity
• Species Diversity
• Genetic Diversity
• Community Diversity
“The millions of plants, animals, and microorganisms, the genes they contain, and the intricate ecosystems they help build into the living environment”
~World Wildlife Fund
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Distribution of Biodiversity
http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/
Distribution of Biodiversity
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Distribution of Biodiversity
• Climatic stability
• Environmental stability
• Complex topography
Geologic age• Geologic age
• Habitat Size
• Habitat Diversity
• Competition
• Productivity
• Disturbance
(South America)
(California)
Patterns of Biodiversity
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Altitudinal gradient of diversity
Patterns of Biodiversity
The Tropics Explained
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How do we prioritize conservation in areas with high biodiversity?
1. Do we manage for individual species?2 D f i ?2. Do we manage for rare species?3. Do we manage for all species? If so, how?4. Is the species category useful to conservation?
Keystone Species\Resources
Keystone Species
American Alligator(Aligator mississippiensis)
Wood Rat(Neotoma cinerea)
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Keystone Species\ResourcesKeystone Resources
Kakad(Muntiacus muntjac)
Surrogate SpeciesUmbrella Species
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Surrogate Species
• Indicator speciesHealthPopulationBiodiversity
Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina)
Douglas fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii )
Surrogate SpeciesFlagship Species