Lecture 9Malignant tumor and Nutrition

The maximum Japanese cause of one's death terminal cancer is feared because of incurable and acute pain

Size of Cancer cell

Inspection by PET-CT Normal inspection

Growing years

Early Progress

Generation Growing Proliferation

About 10-20 years About 1-5 years

Annual transition of Japanese leading causes of death

CancerTuberculosis

OthersUnexpected accidentDecrepitudeAffection of the liver

Ra

tio th

at o

ccup

ies it to

all de

aths (%

)

HeartDisease

Cerebrovascular disease

Pneumonia

Three million cancer patients and 300,000 cancer death people

Age of cancer

Death by infectious disease

The middle and advanced aged human is attacked by Cancer

Nu

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f d

eath

s fo

r 10

0,00

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enN

um

ber

of

dea

ths

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wo

men

Women

Men Men WomenDeath order of malignant tumor by sex Number of examples of liver by sex cancer syndrome

age

Lung, Stomach, Liver, Large intestines, Gullet

Stomach, Large intestines, Lung, Liver, Breast

(unit : Number of 100)

Benign tumor Malignant tumor

Growing slow fast

Bounary Clear（ Expansiveness）

Not clear （ Wettability ）

Metastasis none there

Cell Differentiation Aberrant type

(Irregularity)

Whole body nourishment

No influence Trouble strong cachexia

Surface Smoothness Irregularity

Movability lot few

Cancer gene A little change Activation

Tumor suppressor

gene

Flawlessness Disappearance

Benign tumor and malignant tumor

Yasuo KAGAWA. “Nourishment 　biochemistry” KAGAWA Nutrition publishing, 1970, p.276

Healthy cells are regular. The cancer cell is disorderly

Cancer cell that seems not to be bad (Breast cancer)

Good cell that seems to be bad(Mammary gland syndrome)

Cervix part of womb cancer cellCervix part of womb healthy cell

It is thought that cancer (It is malignant tumorous accurately) happens for the wound to adhere to the gene, and to lose the control of the division with a normal cell. "Carcinogenic gene" that causes cancer is being discovered about 200 kinds now, controls the cell proliferation, and about 20 kinds are known as for "Tumor suppressor gene" that perceives abnormality and restores the abnormality. These genes pile the mutation, and it appears as a sickness that man is made to die. It is thought that it takes time of 15?30 year by the time it counts backward from the speed of the cancer-cell multiplication, one cancer cell is generated, and the human is defeated

Cancer happens because of the change (mutation) in the gene of a normal soma. This is called an initiation

Cancer cell

The occurrence of cancer and abnormality of gene

Abnormality

Cell

Nucleus Base sequence AdenineGuanineCytosineThymine

Passage of carcinogenesis:The long tract of years hangs until getting cancer visible

from the mutation of a gene

Initiation → Promotion → Progrestion

Healthy Cell Cancer CellEarly Stage Cancer Progress Cancer

Appearance of symptom

Clinical periodPossible to discover

Impossible to discover

Precancerous change to a morbid state

Making to cancer happens because of both the oncogene and the tumor suppressor gene mutations

Oncogene and tumor suppressor gene

Cell

Cancer gene(accelerator)

Make to cancer

Control gene(Brake)

There are an initiator (thing to cause the initiation) and promoter (thing to cause promotion) in the cancer field material in food

The material (mutation field material) that causes the gene abnormality is called and the material that proliferates "Initiator" and a good cancer cell is called "Promoter". "Initiator" includes radiation and ultraviolet rays, virus, and fish's scorch scorching etc.The female hormone and bile acid, high salinity, cigarette, artificial sweetener, agricultural chemicals (DDT ･ BHC), and PCB, etc. are known to "Promoter".

Metastasis of cancer and proliferation with newborn blood vessel

blockading with the bead

Anticancer agent

Metastasis

Progression

Cancer cell

Proliferation of cancer with newborn blood vessel

Blood vessel

NewbornBlood vessel

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, a

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Pro

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on

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AFP=α Fetoprotein

The main tumor marker of cancer according to internal organs

Stomach

Breast

Kidney

Gullet

Pancreas

Liver

Testicle

Thyroid gland

Malignant Lymphoma

Prostate gland

Lung

Osteosarcoma

Ovary

Bile duct,　 Gallbladder

Bladder, Urinary duct

Colon, Rectum

Womb

Internal serection

Villus

Various hormones

antigen

antigen

antigen

antigen

Ferritin

calcitonin thyroglobulin

receptorSolubleNerve, retinoblastoma

Amino protein

Sifra

Small cell

squamous cell

Adenocarcinoma, Large cell Sifla

Necessity of oxygen, DNA mutation caused by active oxygen and aging promotion

Mitochondria

Vitamin C

Vitamin EManganese

ZincCopper

ResolutionActiveoxygen

Active energy

Mitochondria

Division promotion by excessive nourishment and mutation caused by

active oxygen

Nucleur Telomere “Coupon ticket”Of division

MutationRestoration

Chromosome

Promotion of telomere reduction

Various diseases are caused The defense response is caused

Aging, Carcinogenesis, Arteriosclerosis, Diabetic,

Nephritis, Cataract,Fat hepatitis etc

Adaptive response etc

ActiveOxygen

ActiveOxygenantioxidant

antioxidant

the generation of an active oxygen and a free radical and balance of defense

Injury is generated. Oxidation stress

Injury doesn't occur even if an active oxygen and a free radical have been

generated

In cancer, meal and the cigarette are often causes

Cause of cancer

Smoking

Radiation

Pollution

Meal

Unknown

Infection

Alcohol

Industrial productsMedicine

Food additive

Occupation environment

Ultraviolet raysSex act

Lung cancer, Larynx cancer, Esophagus cancer

Stomach Cancer, Large intestine cancer,Breast cancer

Cervical cancer

Liver cancer

Pre

sum

pti

on

val

ue

of

the

bes

t

Med

icine,

Med

ical

Ind

ustrial

Pro

du

cts

Fo

od

ad

ditive

En

viron

men

tal P

ollu

tion

Geo

log

ical features

and

ph

ysical factor

Alc

oh

ol

Oc

cu

pa

tion

Sex life

(Birth

. etc)

Infec

tion

Sm

ok

ing

Fo

od

Factor of stomach cancer ： foods （WCRF,1997)

Level of evidence

High risk factor Control factor Irrelevance

Certainly

Probably

Possibility

Insufficiency

Salt

StarchBroiled meat and fish

Preservation meats such as smoked food and drynessNitrosoamine

VegetablesFruitsFreezing and refrigeration preservations

Vitamin C

CarotineAllium compound

All grain cerealsGreen teaFiberSeleniumGarlic

AlcoholCoffeeTeaNitrateSugarVitamin ERetinol

Relation to cancer related to drinking custom aand drinking mortality rate

Non-smoker

Smoker

Times

No alcohol sometimes 180ml 2days 180ml everyday 360ml everyday 720ml everyday

Internal organs was excised surgically greatly in the past and it prevented a recurrence. However, it human treats by radiotherapy that keeps qualify of life (QOL).

Digestive tube

Skin

Molecule

The organ of importance such as gonads protects only cutting

while irradiating it

Transfusion with marrow 1.5L which the HLA antigen

is near. A normal blood corpuscle is made from the stem cell 1-3 months after

Because the infection resistance power decreases, it puts in an aseptic sickroom,

and the antibiotic and the antibody are used

It is necessary to nurse strong Anorexia and other symptoms in

a large amount of irradiation

The X-ray check is avoided until 2 weeks and 15 weeks of the

pregnancy before the menstruation

Death of central nerve

Death of Lung

Death of digestive tube

Death of bone narrow

Radical formationIonizing radiation

Ion

Cancer organization

A general person during year is 1mSv. The medic assumes 100mSv or less for five years

Lethal dose of whole body(Infection death in several weeks)

The cell of leukemia is irradiated by the twice the lethal dose and the bone marrow transplantation killing afterwards

(Several days after, Diarrhea)

A day after

more Several seconds-several minutes

LymphocyteSperm

Sweat gland hair

Ma

rro

w (

blo

od

fo

rmat

ion

)

Especially, the HO radical etc. can be done with the water molecule

Chemical reaction

Indirect

action

Biomolecular resolution and constructing a bridge such as DNA, etc

Secondaryereclron

Ioni-zing

Direct action

Nonstochastic effect

Various following changes

Lymphocyte and a sperm decrease (The number of red blood corpuscles doesn't decrease at once because it has a long life)

The ratio of amount of the focus gland/amount of the skin gland is raised by the multi gate irradiation etc

Erythema and depilation(The hands and feet's irradiation is not fatal)

It irradiates it to cancer 20 times for two months 3Sv

It appears by 5Sv1 1Sv several-time times

Stochastic effect

Inheritance, carcinogenesis, and aging

Sec.Sec.

Sec.Natural radioactivity 1mSv/year

Early detection and treatment by new and powerful machines

Helical CT

Lung cancer of one

centimeter in diameter

-20

-10

0

10

20

Bad change in food group intake　（１９９５→２００２）

Brightly colored vegetables

Beans Seafood

Am

ou

nt of

increase

an

d

decre

ase

Potato

（％）

A decrease in necessary food intake for cancer prevention

Healthy Japan 21,”Tentative nearest results value in healthy Japan 21 to target value (2005)”, Available from <http://ml-www.kenkounippon21.gr.jp/kenkounippon21/ugoki/houkoku/pdf/0410mokuhyou_zanteiti.pdf>, (accessed 2007-11-4)

Japan-U.S. comparison of consumption of vegetable a person

Japan US

1985 1990 1995 2000

a year)

The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 「 Food supply and demand figures」

Transition of death rate by cancer

US

Japan

Death rate

Death rate

Morbidity rateper 100,000 p

eop

lep

er 100,000 peo

ple

per 100,000 p

eop

leUS NCI

The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

LIFELet’s eat vegetable and fruit everyday!

男女の口腔癌

野菜 /果物目標達成

Co

lon

Ce

rvic

al

Bre

as

t L

un

g A

ll

Big success in the United States cancer prevention (green pillar)

Vegetable and grain intake increase

Accomplishment rate 250%

in the cancer field of healthy

people 2000. (green)

A vegetable intake decrease of Japan.

The idea of the adult smoking reducing

by half was deleted in healthy Japan 21.

The cigarette of Japan is 270 yen

a box. Is Europe and

America 700-900 yen a box

To prevent Cancer : 12 Point(The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare)

Yasuo KAGAWA. “Easy nourishment study” KAGAWA Nutrition publishing, 2006, p.139

It makes to the table with various foods, and nourishment where be able the balance is taken. It will be conventional. Eating habits with the change are done every day

The delicious one is made a proper quantity. The overeating is avoided, and fat is done with unassuming modesty

Alcohol healthily enjoys the proper quantity

No smoking is borne in mind. Especially, a new smoking habit is stopped

Enough brightly colored vegetables are taken. A lot of vitamin of proper quantity

and fibered things are taken from food Health mind!The body to cleanness

Let's throw a good sweat. and exercise moderately

It doesn't get some sun too much. The sun is a little harmful

The one that mold grew is noted. It checks it without fail before it eats

A burned part is avoided. The mutation is caused

It eats the salty one few, and after it cools it, it eats the too hot one. Treat the stomach and the gullet kindly