Lecture 8Young Adulthood

OBJECTIVES

1. Define young adulthood.

2. State the developmental tasks of young adulthood.

3. Name the physiological changes that occur in young adulthood.

4. State at least four priority health issues related to the young adult stage of the

life cycle.

5. List the reproductive health issues of young adulthood.

6. Utilize knowledge of men's health need in applying-gender appropriate care

and guidance

7. State two health screening preventative programs important during young

adulthood.

8. Discuss the role of schools in helping individuals adjust and cope with

tasks and challenges of young adulthood.

9. Describe the psychosocial tasks of young adulthood as described by

Erikson.

10. Explain Paget's theory of cognitive thinking in young adulthood.

11. Describe Kohlberg's theory of moral development in the young adult.

12. Discuss piglets formal operational thinking as it applies to the young

adult.

13. Trace the growth and development of a parent.

14. Design teaching techniques that will contribute to successful learning

in the young adult.

Definition

• Young adulthood is most often defined as the age

between 20 and 40 years.

• The stage may also be referred to as early adulthood.

• The legal age of adulthood is 18 years, when the

individual can vote ,be drafted into the military, and enter

into marital relationships without parental consent.

Developmental tasks of young adulthood

The major developmental task or crisis of young adulthood is

- Intimacy versus isolation.

- Transition from the safety of the parents, home and the

structure of the high school to achieve the tasks of self-

support.

-Independence.

- By age 21 some adults live separately from parents,

- Establish a commitment to a work identity

- Develop an adult social role of their own design

Physiological changes

• Physical growth in height and weight and organ and sexual maturation are

generally complete by young adulthood .

• Physical health, motor coordination, and physiological performance typically

peak between ages20 and30 .

• Hard physical work and exercises are often enjoyed and are productive.

• Wise food choices provide optimum nutrition, and regular exercise can help

maintain health and prevent obesity or cardiovascular disease.

• The priority areas include maintaining physical activity , fitness , and nutrition ;

decrease in use of tobacco and alcohol ; positive mental heath health

practice ; and adequate information concerning family planning options

Physiological changes

The priority areas for health promotion during the young adulthood years include:

• Maintaining physical activity

• Fitness and nutrition

• Decrease use of tobacco and alcohol.

• Positive mental health practices.

• Adequate information concerning family planning

The major cause of death in young adulthood are most often

related to accident or violence and are both preventable

WOMEN HEALTH ISSUES

- Women have great influence on childrearing and learning. Maintaining

women's health, there fore, may enable them to influence generation of

children to practice good health habits and choose health lifestyles.

- The major risk factors contributing to the mortality rate include lack of

prenatal care, inadequate knowledge of health needs , and poor

nutrition.

-Recent public education effort have increased awareness of the need for

testicular self examination (TSE) and Breast self examination as a part of

gender specific preventive health programs.

-Encouraging breast self-examinations and mammograms at appropriate intervals can lead to early detection and early intervention for breast cancer

-Violent behavior against women is an epidemic and contributes to the morbidity and mortality statistics of young adult women

Cycle of Violence

Phase II explosion no

control

Minor incident

Minor incident

Minor incident

Minor incident

Minor incident

External influences

Minor incident

Phase ITension BuildingLimited control

Phase IIIHome moon

Calming, loving, respectLonger than phase II but shorter than 1

Men’s Health Issues

• Men’s may be higher risk for injury due to their

work environment .

• Men may also smoke and drink alcohol more

often as compared with women, contributing to

the development of many health problems.

• Education concerning the harmful effect of

smoking, alcohol, substance abuse and obesity .

Psychosocial developmentThere are many developmental tasks and challenges that occur during the

young adult years. These tasks include

• developing mature sense of right and wrong.

• successful separation from family control.

• initiating lifestyle practice.

• establishing friends.

• intimate relationships.

• deciding on marriage and career goals.

• and developing parenting skills.

Psychosocial development

Intimacy

• Erikson described establishing intimacy as one of the major

tasks of young adulthood .

• It includes the ability to develop warm, trusting, honest

relationship with another person with whom it is a safe to be

open and express and share private thoughtsCognitive ability

• The young adults cognitive process involves realizing that

knowledge is the integration of multiple points of view

Moral reasoning;

Kohlberg was theorist who believed that the individual must be capable of

the formal operational level of thought before achieving mature moral

reasoningParenting

In today's society, not all adults achieve or desire marriage and family. When

parents learn they are to have baby, both positive and negative feelings are

evoked. The may want the baby and want to be perfect parents.

Teaching techniques for the young adult

Successful adult learning always involves relating the

information to the appropriate develop- mental tasks they are

experiencing .

Teaching goals should be made clear, outlining how the new

knowledge can be applied and how it will benefit their current

life roles. learning is lifelong process. Teaching techniques for

young adult should be interactive, problem oriented, and

related to daily psychosocial tasks at work, home ,or school