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8/13/2019 Lecture 7 Behavioral Assessment
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Behavioral Assessment
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Types of behavioral assessment
Interviews: clinician assesses behavior by askingquestions and collecting information on the
persons verbal and nonverbal responses.
Behavioral observation: psychologist collects
verbal and nonverbal information about the
person.
usually there is no verbal interaction between theobserver and the subject.
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Methodological Issues
Reactivity to measurement: the phenomenon inwhich a persons behavior changes by the mere
fact that the behavior is being observed.
Selection and training of observers. One must
select observers that are going to be good at
collecting information. This includes knowledge
about the behaviors being observed, and beingable to rate these behaviors reliably.
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Behavioral observations
Appearance physical description
dress
hygiene
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Behavioral observations
Behavior and attitude compliance
activity level
appropriateness of activity
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Behavioral observations
Verbal behavior expressive language (e.g., clarity, vocabulary,
appropriateness)
receptive language (e.g., tracking, understanding) presence of bizarre language (e.g., neologisms,
echolalia, perseverations)
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Behavioral observations
Mood and affect current mood
range of affect
Intensity appropriateness
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Behavioral observations
Cognitive processes thought process (e.g., flow of ideas, organization)
thought content (e.g., delusions, obsessions, etc)
attention orientation & memory (person, place, and time)
brief impression of intellect and insight/judgment
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Behavioral assessment
Behavioral assessment tends to be restricted tosamples of observable behavior.
The best known type of behavioral assessment
was established by B.F. Skinner in the 1950s andit is known as functional analysis.
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Functional analysis
Observation of environmental events that serveto maintain behavior (usually problem behavior).
To be a functional analysis, the observations
must be conducted within an experimental design(e.g., control of the environment and
reinforcements).
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Functional analysis
The main purpose of functional analysis is to 1. identify the stimuli that elicit the target behavior
2. determine the consequences that follow
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Functional analysis
In most cases a functional analysis involveshypothesis testing and it is conducted by
alternating control and treatment conditions (i.e.,
reversal, ABAB) to demonstrate that the effectsare consistent.
The assessment usually continues until a
consistent pattern of behavior occurs.
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Functional analysis
This type of behavioral analysis is frequentlyused with individuals whose communication
skills are not well developed (e.g., children,
individuals with developmental disabilities).
Example of problem behavior in a toddler:
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Example: control condition
This condition consists of a "free play" conditionin which the child has continuous access to toys
and attention and no demands are presented.
During this condition, motivation to engage inproblem behavior tends to be quite low and
problem behavior is usually absent.
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Example: test condition
During this condition, some reinforcement ismanipulated (e.g., access to toys, attention, etc)
either through positive reinforcement (a.k.a.
"gain" function) or negative reinforcement (a.k.a."escape" function).
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Example: test condition
test of "gain" function
Antecedent Behavior Consequence
parent ignores child
problem behavior
parent attends to child
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Example: test condition
test of "escape" function
AntecedentBehavior Consequence
demand presented
problem behavior
demand removed
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S-O-R-C
Another method of behavioral analysis is the S-O-R-Cmodel, which is similar to functional analysis with one
additional element (organismic variables).
S - Stimulus or antecedent conditions that bring on the
problematic behavior.
O - Organismic variables related to the problem behavior
(e.g., diatheses, stressors, emotional and cognitive variables)
R - Response or problematic behavior
C - Consequences of the problematic behavior
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Additional methods of
behavioral assessment
Self-report/self-monitoring
Clinical Interview
Inventories and Checklists
Direct observation
Naturalistic
Controlled
Self-monitoring