Lecture 6. VCL 155

MANUSCRIPT

INTRODUCTION There is a manuscript culture which is recognizably

Islamic, written on paper in the Arabic script, with books

laid out in typical Muslim fashion, with symmetrically

decorated double pages and triangular tapered

colophons, often beautifully illuminated.

Manuscripts as unique sources for many aspects of Malay culture and society

In the Malay manuscript, illumination usually takes the form of purely ornamental patterns using floral, foliate

and geometric motifs in a range of colours, sometimes

with the addition of gold but rarely with silver.

In Al-Quran manuscript illumination, the interesting area is in muwajjah page.

Muwajjah or frontispiece as a first page with full page of design.

Muwajjah without sentence known as a symbolic meaning

Western researchers named it as a carpet pages because the concept of carpet represent a garden Al-Firdausi garden.

Shamsa also important element of Islamic manuscript.

Shamsa in Arabic language means as a sun.

Shamsa design as a symbolism to concept of light.

History of malay literature in malay arhicpelago

Malay Literature was started in the middle of 13th century.

Hikayat Raja Pasai, the oldest manuscript was created in the middle of 14th century.

Malay literature was developed in Islam era in Malay Archipelago.

People in Malay Archipelago started to use Arabic alphabet and stop to used Palava (normally use in Hindu literature)

Manuscript was wrote and copied for reading among the aristocrat or public.

Manuscript Al-Quran Manuscript Hikayat

Manuscript Syair Manuscript Hukum Kanun

MANUSCRIPT AL-QURAN

In Southeast Asian, the manuscripts are almost invariably overshadowed by much larger numbers of older or finer Kufic,

Mamluk, Safavid, Ottoman or Mughal

The art in Al-Quran also defined as a manuscript design.

Characteristics of al- Quran ornament design in Malay

archipelago Characteristics: Colour

Normally used red and gold colours. Also used blue,green and black. They also used yellow to

replace gold.

Format

Overall composition are simplicity and calm All layout format in square shape and straight

In straight square shape will full of shape of lines.

Organic shape to represent flora in frame.

Characteristics of al- Quran ornament design in malay archipelago

Full design format

Full of design until jidar area.

Just only a small area are not been coloured

Each side of Frame layout was draw with waving lines

Format with round frame based from the pages will produce oval shape.

This format are full with flora motifs with Malay aesthethics.

Motif Sulur in outside, head and tail of jidar especially in left and right of triangle shape

Normally motif sulur draw in outside jidar

Motif sulur always start from the middle area until in the middle of text frame

Design in category of motif sulur With a format of thin panel Have dome shape in outside,head and tail of jidar. Dome shape also can be defined as tebar layar

Ilumination AL-Quran ( no date) from Tanoh Abee,Acheh

Collection : Pesantren Library

1

2

3

4

Inside Jidar

Head Jidar

Outside Jidar

Tail Jidar

Design in category of motif sulur With a format of thin panel Have dome shape in head and tail of jidar. Sulur motif in between dome shape or tebar layar in outside jidar

Ilumination AL-Quran ( no date) Collection : Tengku Muhammad Daud Zamzani,Banda Acheh

Design in category of motif sulur With a format of thin panel Have dome with neck shape in the middle of outside jidar. Similar manuscript in Jakarta and Acheh. Format layout drawn in square frame with three layers

Ilumination AL-Quran ( no date) from Jakarta

1

2

3

Design frame

Texts frame

Design in category of motif sulur With a format of thick panel Motif sulur inside dome shape. Beside jidar surrounding with flora design Frame shows open window to represent lighting acceptation This design also can be defined as Malay traditional graveyard every life creature will be die.

Ilumination AL-Quran ( no date) from East Java

Design in category of motif sulur Dome draw at the head and tail jidar. Tebar layar was design at the outside jidar Motif sulur was used to design in tebar layar and panel.

Illumination AL-Quran ( no date) from West Java

Design in category of free design Design not followed conventional style such as design with a group of motif sulur or without sulur.

Illumination AL-Quran ( no date). A gift from a teacher Abdul Aziz to Alor Gajah District Museum, Malacca.

Design in category of motif sulur The motifs used at dome shape or tebar layar at the outside jidar. Shape of potong wajik used as a design frame in the middle of the layout.

Motif sulur appeared at the potong wajik frame At the top of the head and tail jidar, the design are normally can be seen at perahu payang Terengganu carving.

Illumination AL-Quran ( no date) Terengganu Museum collection Design in this page used gold ink to shows richest to the motifs and colour combination

Used conventional flipped design but still have unsimilarity of flora motifs between pages.

In this situation, the style not in a pairs concept. Its become single design or pola bujang

Illumination AL-Quran ( no date) been sold and the price same as a bufallo Penghulu Jasin District, Malacca gave this manuscript to Culture Museum, Malacca as

a gift.

Design still followed conventional layout format in Malay World. Used motifs influenced from India. Dome or tebar layar draw in small wave . Full designed in outside , head and tail jidar

Illumination AL-Quran ( 1877) owned by Md Noordin Merican.

Collection : Penang Museum

Design in side pages shows square structure with oval frame Each sides full with flora and dark colour. Flora motif draw inside frame. Viewers will concentrate to the texts

Illumination AL-Quran ( no date) was found in Sanggung Mosque,Temerloh,Pahang. Owned by Qadi Abu Bakar bin Shabudin (Tuan Sanggung -1850) Keep in Sekolah Agama Berhala Gantang Library. In 1983 , this manuscript was give to Sultan Abu Bakar Museum. This manuscript was produced in the middle of 18th century. A gift from Tuan Haji Hassanuddin bin Muhammad from Berhala Gantang Village, Termerloh.

Ending pages Surah al Falaq and al-Nas

Center pages : Surat al- Kahf

Opening pages : Surat al Fatithah and beginning of Surah al- Baqarah

Single volume Quran Mindanao, Philippines Dated : 1882 AD/1229 AH 2001.1.177 35 cm x 22cm x 6.5cm

Opening pages : Surat al Fatithah and beginning of Surah al- Baqarah

Single volume Quran Patani, Southern Thailand Dated : 19th century AD / 13th century AH 1998.1.3500 22 cm x 18cm x 5cm

Opening pages : Surat al Fatihah and beginning of Surah al- Baqarah

Single volume Quran Terengganu, Malay Peninsula Dated : 1871 AD / 1288 AH 1998.1.3427 43 cm x 28cm x 6.5cm

Center pages of Al-Quran

Single volume Quran Terengganu, Malay Peninsula Dated : 19th century AD / 13th century AH 1998.1.3446 30.5 cm x 219.5cm x 5cm

Opening pages : Surat al Fatihah and beginning of Surah al- Baqarah

Single volume Quran Patani, Southern Thailand Dated : 19th century AD / 13th century AH 1998.1.3486 21 cm x 18.5cm x 6.5cm

HIKAYAT

Taj al Salatin, Penang , 1824 Written by Bukhari Johori in 1603. Copied by Muhammad bin Umar Syeikh Farid in Pulau Pinang, date in 4 Zulhijjah 1219 (31 July 1824)

Ink colours and gold on burnished English paper,191ff ; 25 x 18 cm Front and back pages colourful, beatiful design and gold Written in gold,blue and red frame. Famous artwork in Arab genre. An artwork shows law and guideline to the king and government,

Hikayat Hang Tuah, 1882 Dated 1882 in Malacca. Ink and colours on English Paper , 2 vols

Hikayat Raja Iskandar Dhulkranain, Malacca, 1817 Written by Encik Yahya bin Abdul Wahid on the orders of W.Farhuhar Date : 28 Rabiulawal 1232 (15 February 1817) Ink and colours English paper,Raidway 1813,Tstains 1815,3 Vol,202 +112pp,225 x175mm

Hikayat Parang Puting 18810 Copied by Ibrahim fro T.S.Raffles Dated 29 Syawal 1220 (20 January 1806) Ink, pencil and colours on European Paper , 63 ff.,300 x184mm

The first Edition of the Hikayat Abdullah,1849 Hikayat Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Munsyi,Singapore Lithographed at the Mission Press, 1849.Proudfoot (1992:93

British Library,ORB 30/445.pp. 1-2

Hikayat Perjalanan Sultan Ahmad Dated :1805 Collection : National Library and Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka

HUKUM KANUN

Hukum Kanun Pahang Year : 1592 -1616 Collection : Pahang Museum

Tuhfatun Nafis Naskah Terengganu (1991) Measurement : 32 x 22.5 sm Collection : Malaysia Museum Department

Syair Surat kirim kepada perempuan Copied by Ibrahim Ink and colours on English papers,1796,G R.ff.36v-45v,200 x 145 mm. RV 91977:123)

British Library,MSS.Malay. B.3,ff.36v-37r

A Papuan Maidservant Illustration in a Javanese manuscript, Serat Selarasa Dated : 24 Sapar A.J.1731 (4 June 1804) Ink,colours and gold on European paper, 148ff.,310 x200mm British Library. MMS Jav.28,f.52v

Tebar layar

Buah butung