Lecture 6 Natural Resources Governance Dev

8/9/2019 Lecture 6 Natural Resources Governance Dev.

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GHANA’S BLUE PRINT FOR A SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

FUTURE

By

HON. SHERRY AYITTEY,

MINISTER

FOR

ENVIRONMENT, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

GHANA


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Renewable Ener in Ghana: Pros ects and Challen es

Renewable energy

resources

include:

•Solar Power‐ Photo‐Voltaic PV and Thermal

•Bio Energy‐ Biomass and Biofuel

•Wind Power

•Hydro Power

•Tidal Power and Wave Power

•Geothermal Power

•Fuel Cells

•Hydrogen generation and storage

Renewable energy

is

site

specific

and

technology

driven.

Renewable energy that can be exploited in Ghana include:

Hydro power (mini, micro) solar, biofuels, wind and energy

derived

from

waste

(agricultural

and

municipal)


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Future energy development faces great challenges due to

•

•Demand for cleaner energy associated with less pollution

•

Without energy, the infrastructure which forms the basis of

develo ment would colla se: a riculture, trans ortation,

information technology,

communication

and

most

of

the

basic needs of life depend on energy.

Ghana’s Energy

Challenges

With an expanding economy and growing population, Ghana

faces major challenges in providing: the required amount of

energy w re a y an sus a na y


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Ghana’s Energy Challenges

•

Wood

fuel

consumption

is

expected

to

rise

almost

five

times

from

14

million

ones n o m on ones y

•Total petroleum demand is projected to grow from about 1.6 million tones in

2000 to 4.5 million by 2020

• Electricity demand for the domestic market is projected to exceed 4,400 MW in

2020


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Wind Energy

The availabilit de ends on the eo ra hical location of

country relative to the equator:

• Countries located further from the e uator are known

to have relatively high wind energy potential compared

to countries closer

•Another challenge

is

the

storage

of

energy

produced

durin bluster eriods

•Wind speeds below 5m/s are considered to be too low

for commercial

ex loitation

•Along the cost of Ghana wind speeds of 3‐9 m/s have

been recorded and could sustain economic ex loitation

of wind

energy


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Renewable Energy Resources in Ghana

Geothermal energy

as

in

energy

derived

from

heat

in

the

earth

crust has been harnessed for more than a century. Ghana has no

known geothermal energy resource

Solar Power

which can be harnessed in the form of heat or light. The challenge

country like

Ghana

has

been

the

initial

cost

of

procuring

the

solar

panels.

Biofuel

This is fuel that is derived from biomass. Unlike petroleum, biofuel

.

and concern for the environment has precipitated the need for

biofuel. Ex eriences from countries such as Brazil Mala sia and

Germany show

show considerable

potential

for

biofuels.


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Renewable Energy Resources in Ghana

Fue

CeThe technology involves the conversion of chemical hydrogen and

.

holds considerable potential for addressing the energy needs of

the world

in

the

future

Challenges to the Development of Renewable Energy in Ghana

Limite

Renewa e

Energy

ResourcesRenewable energy sources in Ghana consisting of small and mini‐

, , ,

only be able to supply between 380 and 500 MW delivering

between 2,500

and

3,500

GWh competitively.

This will form about a tenth of the energy requirement of Ghana

by 2020. More than 10% of renewable energy in the energy mix

wou ncrease t e cost o generat on s gn cant y


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Challenges to the Development of Renewable Energy in Ghana

•The potential of generating grid electricity from Solar PV is limited

by capital rather than resource.

•

Wind may

have

the

largest

capacity

for

development

among

the

op ons an as e po en a o con r u ng s gn can y o gr

power by about 200‐300 MW producing 600 GWh

Cost per

Kilowatt

Hour

One of the critical challenges to the adoption of renewable energy

sources is the cost per unit to consumers compared with energy

from

other

sources

(fossil

fuels).• e cos o gr connec e so ar energy per s over .

compared to US$ 0.04/kWh

•

compared to

US$500

‐1000

for

a gas

fired

thermal

power

plant


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Investment Risk

The volatility in the pricing of oil and gas on the international

market increases

the

risk

of

investment

in

renewable

energy

ac es. rop n y rocar on pr ces ero es en us asm or

investment in renewable energy sector

Competing Technologies

There is intense competition to achieve hegemony within the sub

sectors of the renewable energy market. In biofuels, lobbyists for a

corn‐

based

solution

vie

with

those

championing

cellulose,

ethanol,

o ese . n e so ar mar e , concen ra ng so ar power

systems compete with the much more popular photovoltaic


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(Continue)Not In My Backyard Syndrome

Renewable energy although provide less pollution compared to

energy from

fossil

fuel,

there

have

been

significant

backlash

from

communities regar ing t e constructing o aci ities to pro uce

renewable energy.

Many renewable

energy

sources

are

often

dismissed

because

they

can not be stored and also because they are intermittent.

Constraints to Biofuel Development

The

development

of

an

alternative

to

existing

fuel

requires

policy

rect ves an strateg es.

The main constraints are: Feedstock availability, local processing

, ,

acceptance of

new

fuel

and

cost

competitiveness


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Challenges to the Development of Renewable Energy

(Continue)Feedstock for Biofuel Production

eren ee s oc are use or o ue pro uc on n eren

countries. The general trend is that countries choose feedstock

which have other commercial value other than the production of

fuel.

In Ghana,

Palm

oil,

Jatropha curcus and

Sugar

cane

offer

significant

advantages for biofuel production.

Cost Competitiveness of Biofuel

are not competitive even with crude oil at US$73.00 per barrel.

The global market for biofuel is politically driven and relies on tax

rebates.


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Conclusion

Renewable Energy

can

be

harnessed

to

support

and

supplement

conven ona energy supp y. owever, s gn can cos , ec no ogy

and attitudinal barriers need to be surmounted before any

THANK YOU

.


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Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology

(MEST)


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MEST

Mandate

The Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology is mandated by government to

suppor na ona soc o‐econom c eve opmen goa s or e coun ry o a a n m e‐

income status through the promotion of science, technology and innovation, human

settlement planning

and

management

as

well

as

sustainable

management

of

the

economy.

Institutions

Environmental

Protection Agency

(EPA)

ounc or

Scientific and

Industrial

Energy

Commission

Planning

Department

esearc

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Lecture 6 Natural Resources Governance Dev