Upload
sarashedid
View
218
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/3/2019 Lecture 6- Air Pollution (Part 1)
1/15
Introduction to Air Pollution
Man And the Environment-Lecture 6
8/3/2019 Lecture 6- Air Pollution (Part 1)
2/15
80
50
16A
ltitude(kilomete
rs)
Ozonelayer
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Earth
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
1000
The Atmosphere
Atmosphere is dividedinto four layersaccording to the mixingof gases and theirchemical properties, aswell as temperature
Weather
8/3/2019 Lecture 6- Air Pollution (Part 1)
3/15
Composition of the Earths
Atmosphere
Gas Chemical FormulaConcentration % by
Volume
Nitrogen N2
78.08
Oxygen O2 20.90
Argon Ar 0.934
Carbon dioxide CO2 0.0381
Other Gases
8/3/2019 Lecture 6- Air Pollution (Part 1)
4/15
Air quality Depletion of Ozone layer
Increase in earth temperature & Global Warming
Atmospheric Problems
8/3/2019 Lecture 6- Air Pollution (Part 1)
5/15
Definition of Air Pollution
Air pollution occurs when the air containsgases, dust, fumes or odour in harmfulamounts. Amounts which could be harmful
to the health or comfort of humans andanimals or which could cause damage toplants and materials.
8/3/2019 Lecture 6- Air Pollution (Part 1)
6/15
Sources/Examples of Air Pollution
8/3/2019 Lecture 6- Air Pollution (Part 1)
7/15
1. Carbon Monoxide2. Nitrogen Oxides
3. Sulfur Dioxide4. Ozone5. Particulate Material6. Lead & Other Toxic Heavy Metals
7. Volatile Organic Compounds8. CO2 & CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)
Air Pollutants
8/3/2019 Lecture 6- Air Pollution (Part 1)
8/15
1. Carbon Monoxide
Source:Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, yieldingCO instead of CO2 in cars, factories and waste burning.
Health Effect: O2 starvation
8/3/2019 Lecture 6- Air Pollution (Part 1)
9/15
2. Nitrogen Oxides
Source:Combustion of fossil fuels containing Nitrogen
Effect:
Photochemical smog (visibility)
Ozone in the air close to earth (Oxidant): irritate the lungs ifwe breathe it
It reacts in the atmosphere to form nitric acid (HNO3):damage to trees & buildings
Irritate the lungs
Smoke + Fog
Cooking Recipe: Pollutant from cars + NOx + Sun+ Humidity
Product with color (Grey, brown, yellow) +O3
8/3/2019 Lecture 6- Air Pollution (Part 1)
10/15
3. Sulfur Oxides
Source: Combustion of fossil fuels containing sulfur(electric utility power plants, cement manufacture,petroleum refining,.)
Effect:
Respiratory problems.
Acid Rain (H2SO4).
Damage to plants & buildings.
8/3/2019 Lecture 6- Air Pollution (Part 1)
11/15
4. Ozone
Ozone located in the upper layers of the atmosphere isconsidered beneficial. It protects us from harmful rays.
Ozone located close to earth is considered harmful
Effect:
Chemical Oxidant that cause respiratory problems
Damage to plants
Reduce crop yield
8/3/2019 Lecture 6- Air Pollution (Part 1)
12/15
5. Particulate Matter
Source:Dust, smoke from smoking, fires and factories.(0.1-10 m)
Effect:
Respiratory problems
Toxic matter: accumulate (smoking)
8/3/2019 Lecture 6- Air Pollution (Part 1)
13/15
6. Lead & Other Toxic Heavy Metals
Source:Combustion of fuel containing Lead
Effect:Considered toxic and negatively effect human
health & other living beings
8/3/2019 Lecture 6- Air Pollution (Part 1)
14/15
7. Volatile Organic Compounds
Example:Benzene and other petroleum products.
Effect:
Some are toxic
Some are flammable
Some has bad smell
8/3/2019 Lecture 6- Air Pollution (Part 1)
15/15
8. CO2 & CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)
CO2 linked to Global Warming
CFCs (old refrigerant gas) linked to depletion of
ozone layer Manufacturing was banned byInternational Agreement
When emitted, they migrate to the upper layers of the
atmosphere, where they are eventually broken down, releasing
their chlorine. This chlorine then reacts and destroys ozone(hole in the ozone)