Lecture 5 Synthesis Writing Part II

8/10/2019 Lecture 5 Synthesis Writing Part II

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Lecture 5

SYNTHESIS WRITING

-What to cite and Why

-General rules of APA

-Parahrasin! " Su##arisin!

-$uotin!

Title of essay: Violent movies should be banned as they are the

major cause of violence.

Thesis: Violent movies are not the cause of v iolence.

Topic sentence: Violence has always been around with or without

movies.

Supporting Point:

Movies date bac to the early !"#$%s &yet violence has always been a

part and parcel of humanity. 'or e(ample& history illustrates the

)oman wars and their emperors. *aligula& has murdered more men

than +itler himself. ,hich movie did he watch

Movies date bac to the early !"#$%s only& yet violence has always

been a part and parcel of humanity.Shan /$!#0 claimed that history

illustrates the )oman wars and their emperors. *aligula& has

murdered more men than +itler himself. ,hich movie did he watch


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Whenever you use a source, provide inparenthesis:

the authors name and the year of publication

Eg: (Stephen, 2012)

Though feminist studies focus solely on womensexperiences, they err by collectively perpetuating themasculine-centered impressions (Fussell,1975).

Fussel (1975) claimed that though feminist studiesfocus solely on womens experiences, they err bycollectively perpetuating the masculine-centered

impressions

1. Introduce quotations with signal phrases, e.g.

According to X. (2008), . (p.3).

X. (2008) argues that (p.3).

Use such signal verbs as:

acknowledge, contend, maintain,respond, report, argue, conclude, etc..

Use the past tense or the present perfect tense ofverbs in signal phrases

Sin!le author The theory %as first considered

in &''' (Pash) &''*+ ,

Pash (&''*+ clai#ed that

& authors Roit#an and La.ontaine (&'/&+

0R 1 to achie2e

consistency1 (Roit#an "

La.ontaine) &'/&) 3 45+

)4)5 authors 6on7in! et al3 (&'//+ su!!ested

that0R (6on7in! et al3) &'//+

In-text citations help readers locate the citedsource in the References section of the paper.

Aears at the end of the aer

0n a searate a!e

List all sources you 8uote) arahrase or

su##ari9e in your aer

Arran!ed in alha:etical order


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Pash(&''*+ clai#ed that Pash) 63 (&''*+3 The last %hale3

North .re#antle) WA; .re#antle

Press

1to achie2e consistency1

(Roit#an " La.ontaine)

&'/&) 3 45+

Roit#an)


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Giraffes li7e Acacia lea2es and hay and they can

consu#e @5 ounds of food a day3

A !iraffe can eat u to @5 ounds of Acacia lea2es

and hay e2eryday3

.or effecti2e co##unication) it is necessary to ha2e a

fairly accurate idea of %hat our listeners 7no% or do not

7no% that is ertinent to the co##unication3 If %e

assu#e that eole 7no% so#ethin! they do not) then

#isco##unication and erhas e#:arrass#ent #ay

result (Nic7erson) /+3

In order to co##unicate effecti2ely) one #ust ha2e a

reasona:ly accurate idea of %hat they do and do not

7no% that is ertinent to the co##unication3 Treatin!

eole as thou!h they ha2e 7no%led!e that they do not

ha2e can result in #isco##unication and erhas

e#:arrass#ent3 (Nic7erson) /+

In order to co##unicate effecti2ely) one #ust ha2e a

reasona:ly accurate idea of %hat they do and do not

7no% that is ertinent to the co##unication3 Treatin!

eole as thou!h they ha2e 7no%led!e that they do not

ha2e can result in #isco##unication and erhas

e#:arrass#ent3 (Nic7erson) /+

Nic7erson (/+ su!!ests that effecti2e co##unication

deends on a !eneral ly accurate 7no%led!e of %hat the

audience 7no%s3 If a sea7er assu#es too #uch 7no%led!e

a:out the su:Bect) the audience %ill either #isunderstand or

:e :e%ilderedC ho%e2er) assu#in! too little 7no%led!e a#on!

those in the audience #ay cause the# to feel atroni9ed


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!.1se synonyms different vocabulary with

same meaning0

It can :e difficult to choose a suita:le lace to

study En!lish

It is often a challen!e to ic7 u a rele2ant

school to learn En!lish

/. Substituting phrases with words

An e#loyee %ith an a#:ition to

An a#:itious e#loyee

2s you carefully read what you have written to

improve your wording and catch small errors of

spelling& punctuation& and so on& the thing to do

before you do anything else is to try to see where

a series of words e(pressing action could replace

the ideas found in nouns rather than verbs.

2s you carefully read what you have written to

improve your wording and catch small errors of

spelling& punctuation& and so on& the thing to do

before you do anything else is to try to see where

a series of words e(pressing action could replace

the ideas found in nouns rather than verbs.

As you edit) first find no#inali9ations that you

can relace %ith 2er: hrases3

/. Passive to activevice versa0

An account %as oened :y Drs3 Si##s3(Passi2e+

Drs3 Si##s oened an account3(Acti2e+

Your fi!ures %ere chec7ed :y the research

deart#ent3(Passi2e+

The research deart#ent chec7ed your

fi!ures3(Acti2e+


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Acti2ity

Refer to Task 1

from Worksheet

Lecture 5

Include only the #ain oints of the ori!inal assa!e

o not %orry a:out follo%in! the ori!inal order of

ideas3

?ee the len!th do%n to no #ore than half the len!th

of the ori!inal3

Hei!ht connotes status in #any arts of the %orld3

E=ecuti2e offices are usually on the to floorsC the

underlin!s %or7 :elo%3 E2en :ein! tall can hel a erson

succeed3 Studies ha2e sho%n that e#loyers are #ore

%illin! to hire #en o2er F feet tall than shorter #en %ith

the sa#e credentials3 Studies of real-%orld e=ecuti2es and

!raduates ha2e sho%n that taller #en #a7e #ore #oney3

In one study) e2ery e=tra inch of hei!ht :rou!ht in an e=tra

/)'' a year3 ut :ein! too :i! can :e a disad2anta!e3 A

tall) :ra%ny foot:all layer co#lained that eole foundhi# inti#idatin! off the field and assu#ed he 1had the

:rains of a T%in7ie31

Topic sentence: 3+eight connotes status in many parts of

the world.4

Main point: 35ven being tall can help a person succeed.4

Main point: 35(ecutive offices are usually on the top4

Main point: 3being too big can be a disadvantage4


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Throu!hout the %orld) :ein! tall %ill lead to rofessional success3

In fact) research sho%s that e#loyers are #ore li7ely to hire

taller #en and to ay the# #ore) as co#ared to shorter #en

%ith the sa#e 8ualifications

This su##ary is too :rief3 .urther) it

chan!es the #eanin! sli!htly) !i2in! the

i#ression that :ein! tall !uarantees

success3

In #ost countries) hei!ht su!!ests status3 .or instance) hi!her

e=ecuti2es nor#ally use to floors of office :uildin!s3 .urther)

research sho%s that #en o2er si= feet tall are #ore li7ely to :e

hired than those shorter than the# :ut %ith the sa#e

8ualifications3 Taller #en also recei2e !reater inco#es) ossi:ly as

#uch as /)'' a year #ore than those only one inch shorter than

the#3 Ho%e2er) as a tall and #uscular foot:all layer oints out) a

disad2anta!e to :ein! tall is that so#e indi2iduals #ay ercei2e

you as threatenin! or e2en du#:

This su##ary is too lon!3 Instead of focusin! on the #ain

oints) it includes all of the details that are in the ori!inalassa!e3

Thou!h hei!ht #ay connote slo%ness to so#e eole) in the

:usiness %orld) it is al#ost uni2ersally associated %ith success3

.or e=a#le) taller #en are #ore li7ely to :e hired and to ha2e

!reater salaries3 .urther) those in to ositions %ithin a co#any

are #ore li7ely to %or7 on the to floors of office :uildin!s3

This su##ary is the #ost effecti2e3 In addition to includin! all

of the #ain oints) it lea2es out the uni#ortant details

Acti2ity

Refer to Task 2

from Worksheet

Lecture 5


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6ohnson /$!#0& in his study regarding e(istence of

aliens& said& 7The alien spaceship appeared to be in a

shape of a doughnut with caramel topping.7

8ased on a study regarding e(istence of aliens& 6ohnson

/$!#0 stated that an alien space ship is shaped lie a

doughnut with caramel topping.

End of Lecture 5

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Lecture 5 Synthesis Writing Part II