Lecture -5

Revision Interacting exercises on Harvard

referencing system (HRS)

Course: English writing skillsBBA 1

REVISION OF HRS

HRS – In text referencing

When you cite sources of information in the text of your assignment—regardless of whether you

quote, copy or paraphrase—you should include: 1. the author’s surname (family name) 2. the year of publication (latest edition) 3. page numbers when directly quoting or closely

paraphrasing an author’s words/material 4. correct punctuation and spacing. Example: A recent study (Oshagbemi, 2004,p.2) also

suggests that older managers can bring more balance to a management team as compared to younger managers.

HRS – two ways of citation

1. Direct quote – use ‘quotation marks’.2. Paraphrase – without quotation marks

Example of Direct quote It has been argued that ‘socialism rejected the liberal ideals of individualism and competition’ (Cowie 1996, p. 91).

Example of ParaphraseUnlike capitalism, socialism promotes the good of the whole before the good of the individual (Cowie 1996).

HRS – A quotation is used if:

1. misinterpretation would result from a change to the words

2. a major argument needs to be recorded as evidence.

3. it is important to comment on, contest or analyse the ideas expressed.

4. it is a particularly elegant or forceful phrase.

Example: As Shakespeare (1955) observed, ‘All the world’s a stage …’

HRS – Short quotations

Short quotations (fewer than 30 words) should: 1. be incorporated into your sentence without

disrupting the flow of your paragraph.2. have ‘single quotation marks’. 3. have the full stop after the citation.4. keep the same font size.

Example: The church is not the only setting where the soul may be nurtured. As Jones (1998, p. 89) suggests, ‘the soul also finds nutrition in more domestic settings, like the family home’.

HRS – Long quotations

Long quotations (more than 30 words) should: 1. No quotation marks are used2. be introduced in your own words 3. begin on a new line.4. be fully indented by default from the left margin.4. be in single line spacing.

Example: Friere (1998, p. 3) summarises the effects of reducing literacy to a set of tools or skills when he states that: merely teaching men to read and write does not work miracles: If there are not enough jobs for men able to work, teaching more men to read and write will not create them.

HRS – Acronyms and initialisms

Acronyms: Acronyms are initial letters pronounced as a word. Examples are SAT, UNICEF, UNESCO and so on. These must appear both in-text and in the reference list.

Example:United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)has announced the making of new rocket having 10 times more power than the earlier ones. UNESCO will soon make it public (UNESCO 2001).

HRS – Acronyms and initialisms

InitialismIf a work contains numerous references to a particular resource with a long title, for example, Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the initialism may be used, RSPCA.

Other examples are WWF, EUand USA. These must appear both in-text and in the reference list.

Example:The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) has a policy on removing injured animals. The RSPCA is permitted to enter a property at any time following a report of complaint (RSPCA 1999).

HRS – Rule for Acronyms and initialisms

Rule: The first citation in-text must include both the full title and the acronym or initialism, and thereafter the acronym and initialism will suffice. Write these without full stops.

ACRONYM: United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)has announced the making of new rocket having 10 times more power than the earlier ones. UNESCO will soon make it public (UNESCO 2001).

Initialism: The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) has a policy on removing injured animals. The RSPCA is permitted to enter a property at any time following a report of complaint (RSPCA 1999).

HRS – Bibliography for Acronyms and initialisms

In the reference list, both the long title and the acronym or initialism must be included,

Example: ACRONYM: Bokova I., United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO), 2001, declaration conference on scientific development, France, Specialized agency.

Initialism: Brisbane J., Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) 1999, Policy statement on removal of animals at risk, Nigeria, Brisbane.

INTERACTING EXERCISE

(1)

1. The following sentence could be used in your essay where you refer to ideas detailed in a book by Lori K. Garrett.....written in 2011. Title of the book is “Skills for nursing and healthcare students”, published by Pearson Education in Harlow.In-text citation

It has been suggested that classical music can help to create a calm study environment in which students can focus on their work .

It has been suggested that classical music can help to create a calm study environment in which students can focus on their work (Garrett,2011) OR Garrett(2011).

OR It has been suggested by Garrett (2011) that classical music can help to create a calm study environment in which students can focus on their work (Garrett,2011) OR Garrett(2011).

1. The following sentence could be used in your essay where you refer to ideas detailed in a book by Lori K. Garrett.....written in 2011. Title of the book is

“Skills for nursing and healthcare students”, published by Pearson Education in Harlow.

• Bibliography (detailed reference):

• Garrett, L. K., 2011,”Skills for nursing and healthcare students” Harlow, Pearson Education.

INTERACTING EXERCISE

(2)

2. A section of your essay could look like this .... While stakeholder theory has its origins in the commercial world, it has been used in and transferred into a socio-political context and in the public sector (Adam, 2003). Based on stakeholder theory Adams originally proposed a definition “those who can affect or are affected by the achievements of the firm’s objectives” (1984, p.24). According to Brown, White and Redding (1984) a definition of stakeholders can be very broad and could include, in the commercial setting, competitors, media and environmental activists. Further details:

1 Donalso Jack Adam, in 2003 wrote in Royal Journal of Management from page 34-36, an article with the title “Stakeholder analysis today”.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1 Adam, D.J., 2003, “Stakeholder analysis today”, Royal Journal of Management, pp.34-66.

2. A section of your essay could look like this .... While stakeholder theory has its origins in the commercial world, it has been used in and transferred into a socio-political context and in the public sector (Adam, 2003). Based on stakeholder theory Adams originally proposed a definition “those who can affect or are affected by the achievements of the firm’s objectives” (1984, p.24). According to Brown, White and Redding (1984) a definition of stakeholders can be very broad and could include, in the commercial setting, competitors, media and environmental activists. Further details:2 Donalso Jack Adam in 1984 wrote a book with the title ‘Stakeholder’s analysis’.

It was his book’s 2nd edition published by Oxford University Press in oxford.BIBLIOGRAPHY: 2 Adam, D.J., 1984, “Stakeholder analysis”. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University

Press, pp.24.

2. A section of your essay could look like this .... While stakeholder theory has its origins in the commercial world, it has been used in and transferred into a socio-political context and in the public sector (Adam, 2003). Based on stakeholder theory Adams originally proposed a definition “those who can affect or are affected by the achievements of the firm’s objectives” (1984, p.24). According to Brown, White and Redding (1984) a definition of stakeholders can be very broad and could include, in the commercial setting, competitors, media and environmental activists.

Further details:3 Modern management.[e-book] written by Gustave Brown, Gustave White

and Gustave Redding, in 1984. Published by Redfern Press, London. Available through: Anglia Ruskin University Library <http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk> was accessed on 9 July 2011.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: 3 Brown,G. White, G. and Redding.G., 1984, “Modern management”.[e-

book] London: Redfern Press. Available through: Anglia Ruskin University Library <http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk> [Accessed 9 July 2011]

INTERACTING EXERCISE

(3)

3. These flowcharts can be found in Harris, R.,2001, The plagiarism handbook: strategies for preventing, detecting and dealing with plagiarism, Pyrczak, Los Angeles. (These diagrams can be found on pages 155 & 158 of this text.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Harris.R., 2001, “The plagiarism handbook: strategies for preventing, detecting and dealing with plagiarism”, Los Angeles: Pyrczak, p.p.155 & 158.

INTERACTING EXERCISE

Bibliography for one or more authors

For Home assignment(4)

HRS – For one author

A recent study (Elder 1995) found that rock samples …Or

Elder (1995, p. 14) claims that ‘…’.Further details: Benjamin Elder, wrote in The magic of

Australia, published by Beaut books in sydneyBIBLIOGRAPHY: Elder, B. 1995, The magic of Australia, Sydney, Beaut Books.

When an author has two or more initials, the entry would look like:Further details: Benjamin John Elder , wrote in The magic of Australia, published by Beaut books in sydney.

Elder, B.J. 1995, “The magic of Australia”, Sydney, Beaut Books.

HRS – For two authors

A recent study (Yeric & Todd 1989, p.17) predicted that …or

Yeric and Todd (1989, p. 17) suggest that ‘…’. Further details: Jason Yeric and John Todd wrote an article in

Vol 2 of the magazine “the public opinion”, with the title “the visible politics by Peacock Publishers in Chicago.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Yeric, J. & Todd, J. 1989, “The visible Politics”, Public opinion,vol 2: pp.17, Chicago: Peacock Publishers.

HRS – For three authors

A recent study highlighted the fact that … (Yeric, Todd & Muller 1999). or Yeric, Todd and Muller (1999, p. 28) stated that ‘…’. Further details: Jason Yeric ,John Todd and Muller,P wrote a

book on political perspective published by Peacock Publishers in Chicago.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Yeric, J., Todd, J. & Muller, P., (1999), “Political perspectives”,

p.p.28, Chicago: Peacock Publishers.

HRS – For more than three authors

Jones et al. (1999, p. 34) suggested in their comprehensive study that ‘…’.

Further details: Philip Jones, Anderson Smith, Terry Hudson, Jack Etherton and jane Gardener in 1999, book is Business management for the new era, Wyland Publishing, Germany

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Jones, P., Smith, A., Hudson, T., Etherton, J., & Gardener, J. (1999), “Business management for the new era”, Germany, Wyland Publishing.

Important For further practice

http://www.uow.edu.au/content/groups/public/@web/@health/documents/doc/uow025425.pdf

THE END