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Occupied France and the Battle of Britain
1. Recap: The War from Poland to Paris
2. Collaboration in Europe: The Birth of Vichy France
- - - Marshal Philippe Pétain – Patriot or Traitor?
- - - Pétain’s National Revolution
- - - The Jewish Statutes (October 1940)
- - - Vichy and the War Effort
3. The British Empire Stands Alone
- - - The Plan: Operation Eagle and Operation Sea Lion
- - - The Battle of Britain and the Blitz
- - - The Civilian Experience
- - - The Survival of Great Britain and its Implications
4. Hitler and his Ideological goals in the East
German Troops March in Poland, September, 1939
Iconic Image of Defeat: Watching the Nazis Enter Paris
Hitler dances the jig?
Marshal Philippe Pétain
Hitler enters the same train car in which Germany had accepted defeat in 1918, in order to present the French with an armistice.
The division of France following the armistice
General (and future President) Charles de Gaulle fled to Great Britain, to lead the Free French Forces against the Germans
Pétain and Hitler shake hands
Vichy Propaganda Poster for the National Revolution
Newspaper announcing the Jewish Statutes, October 1940
Antisemitic Poster, 1941
Caricature mocking Petain as a traitor and Nazi puppet
Members of the Vichy Militia (the Milice) arrest members of the resistance
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in 1940
Plans for Operation Sea Lion, the amphibious invasion of Britain, to be undertaken once the Luftwaffe had control of the skies…
A German bomber over London, 1940
Damage following the first bombing of Berlin, August 1940
Luftwaffe Chief Herman Goering
Seeking shelter in a London subway station during the Blitz
London ablaze during “The Blitz”
A London home during the Blitz..
A downed German plane during the Battle of Britain
Mussolini and the War in the Mediterranean1. Mussolini’s Foreign Policy
- - The Invasion of Ethiopia, 1935
- - The Rome-Berlin Axis and The Pact of Steel
2. Italy at Enters the War
- - The Invasion of France, June 1940
3. The War in North Africa
- - The Italian invasion of Egypt, September 9, 1940
- - Rommel, the Afrika Corps, & Germany to the Rescue
- - - - General Montgomery and Allied Recovery
4. The War in the Balkans (1940/1941)
- - Italian Invasion of Greece and the German Bail-Out
- - The Invasion of Crete & Nazi Dominance in Europe
A New Roman Empire?
Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie during the war with Italy, 1935
Protesters in New York draw attention to Italian atrocities
Ethiopian troops preparing to defend their homeland, 1935
Mussolini and Hitler’s emerging alliance: “The Rome-Berlin Axis” in November 1936;
and “The Pact of Steel”, May 22, 1939
Mussolini and Churchill
Mussolini declares war on France, June 10, 1940
French alpine infantry trying to keep the Italians back…
The Italians attack British-held Egypt from neighboring Libya, September 9, 1940, hoping to capture the Suez Canal
Generals Rudolfo Graziani and Archibald Wavell
Italian tanks drive into Egypt
Italian forces move only 80 km into Egypt, and stop at Sidi Barrani
British forces pound the Italians at Sidi Barrani during “Operation Compass”, December 1940
The British push the Italian troops off of Egyptian soil, from Sidi Barrani all the way back to
El Agheila (far left)
Italian POWs in Libya, 1941
Field Marshall Erwin Rommel, known as the “Desert Fox”, is sent by Hitler to lead the “Afrika Corps” and bail out the Italians
Afrika Corps tanks, providing mobility and speed in the desert
A German tank crew surrender in the desert dust
A British tank approaches a burning German tank during Operation Crusader, 1941/42
An Italian soldier surrenders to a British Indian Army soldier
Rommel’s Match: General Bernard Montgomery
Hitler didn’t want trouble in the Balkan region (south-eastern Europe) before launching his attack on the Soviet Union
The Italian invasion of Greece from Albania, to begin October 28, 1940
Stiff resistance being offered up by Greek artillery
German artillery during the fight for Greece, April 1941
Members of the Yugoslavian infantry surrender to German troops, April 1941
Hitler moves to secure Crete in Operation Mercury, beginning May 20, 1941
German paratroopers over Crete
A dead German paratrooper
Executed civilians in Crete, 1941
Nazi-dominated Europe, May 1941