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Lecture 3 PMBP_2

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  • Project Time Management

    The Project Management

    Knowledge Areas

  • Project Time Management

    Session Objectives

    Understand definitions and terminologies

    Understand the basic sequence of work necessary

    to produce a Precedence Diagram

    Appreciate the basic mechanics of scheduling using

    the Critical Path Method (CPM)

    Draw Network Diagrams

  • Project Time Management

    What is Time Management?

    Project Time Management includes the processes required to ensure timely completion of the project

    PMBOK Guide

  • Project Time Management

    Project Time Management Processes are: Activity Definition Activity Sequencing Activity Resource Estimation Activity Duration Estimation Schedule Development Schedule Control

  • Project Time Management

    Processes

    Activity Definition

    Identifying ALL and ONLY the activities that must be done to ensure that the deliverables are achieved

    Identifying and documenting all the activities and sub-level activities as per WBS

    Identifying and documenting the work to be done

    Identifying activities to the lowest level WBS

    Ensure that the project objectives are met

    PMBOK Guide

  • Project Time Management

    Processes

    Activity Sequencing Identifying and documenting the dependencies of

    activities

    Identifying and documenting the activities

    Taking the WBS work packages and showing the sequence of activities, in the most logical order

    Identifies dependencies, parallel and sequential activities

    Exposed to resource limitation

    PMBOK Guide

  • Project Time Management

    Processes

    Activity Resource Estimating

    Estimating the type and quantity of resources required to perform each schedule activity

    PMBOK Guide

  • Project Time Management

    Processes

    Activity Duration Estimating

    Estimating the number of units of time to accomplished a

    particular activity

    Modular approach - use WBS to breakdown into smaller units

    Benchmark job technique - based on recorded times for similar works

    Modelling technique use data from past experiences adjust based variables

    Computerised Data Base Estimating System

    (CDES) technique- specialist software package

  • Project Time Management

    Processes

    Schedule Development Analysing the activity sequences, durations and

    resource requirements to develop a project schedule

    Set the start and end dates for the activities. It is an iteration process where the schedule is refined until it is acceptable.

    The parameters modified in each iteration include the resource assignments, duration estimates, activity sequencing, working time, productivity

    PMBOK Guide

  • Project Time Management

    Processes

    Schedule Development

    o Network Diagrams with dates shown

    o Gantt Charts

    o Milestone charts

  • Project Time Management

    Processes

    Schedule Control

    o Controlling changes to project schedule

    o Status with the project schedule

    o Influencing the factors causing schedule changes and ensuring that changes are agreed upon

    o Determining that the schedule has changed

    o Managing the actual schedule changes

    PMBOK Guide

  • Project Time Management

    What are the Tools and Techniques for activity sequencing? Precedence Diagram

    o Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) is also known as Activity-on-Node (AON)

    o Nodes/Boxes are used to represent tasks

    o Arrows are used to show the task dependencies

    o Dummy activities are not used

  • Project Time Management

    What are the Tools and Techniques for activity sequencing? Precedence Diagram Relationships

    o Finish-to-Start a task must finish before the next can start

    o Finish-to-Finish a task must finish before the next can finish

    o Start-to-Start a task must start before the next can start

    o Start-to-Finish a task must start when the next can finish

  • Precedence Relationships

  • Precedence Relationships

  • Project Time Management

    What are the Tools and Techniques for Activity Sequencing?

    Arrow Diagram o Activity-on-Arrow (AOA) or Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM)

    uses arrows to represent task

    o Circles represents "events. An event marks the beginning or end of a task. Thus, events are nodes that separate tasks.

    o Only Finish to Start relationships are used

    o Uses Dummy Activities where necessary

    o Dummies are shown by a dotted line and show dependencies between tasks only.

  • Project Time Management

  • Project Time Management

    Schedule Development: Tools and Techniques

    Critical Path Method (CPM) The critical path is the longest path through any

    network.

    The duration of the critical path defines the expected duration of the project

    It is used to produce the draft master schedule

    It uses deterministic calculations i.e. time can be calculated or known with reasonable accuracy

  • Project Time Management

    Schedule Development: Tools and Techniques

    Critical Path Method (CPM) Assign durations to each activity

    Identify the start and finish window for each activity

    Earliest Start (ES) - forward pass, latest option is taken

    Latest Finish (LF) - backward pass, earliest option is taken

  • Project Time Management

    Schedule Development: Tools and Techniques

    Critical Path Method (CPM)

    Identify those activities with no window (critical path) Difference between ES and LF is the float

    The path through the network with zero float is the critical path

    Critical path is the longest time overall time to complete the project

    Critical path is considered in terms of trade-offs

    or crashing or pre-planning

  • Project Time Management

    Schedule Development: Tools and Techniques

    Critical Path Method (CPM) Re-plan as necessary if client does not approve of

    schedule

    Rationalize resources in terms of Leveling resources to optimize availability

    Form Draft Master Schedule (DMS)

    Redefine the draft to form a Project Master Schedule (PMS)

  • Project Time Management

    Compression shortening of the project schedule without changing the project scope. This technique includes:

    o Crashing cost and schedule tradeoffs are analyzed to determine how to obtain the greatest amount of compression for the least incremental cost.

    o Fast-tracking phases or activities that normally would be done in sequence are performed in parallel.

  • Project Time Management

    What-if Analysis a schedule network analysis is performed using the schedule model to compute different scenarios.

    Resources Leveling - used to address a situation where shared or critical resources are only available at certain times or are only available in limited quantities, or to keep selected resource usage at a constant level

  • Project Time Management

    Project Management Software widely used to assist with schedule development. It automates the calculation of the mathematical forward pass and backward pass critical path analysis and resource leveling.

    Adjusting Leads and Lags

    o Lead allows an acceleration of the successor activity, e.g. a technical team can begin writing the second draft of a large document 5 days before they finish writing the entire first draft.

    o Lag a delay in the successor activity, e.g. to account for a 10-day curing period for concrete.

  • Project Time Management

    Construction of Network Diagrams

    Conventions Activity on Arrow (AOA)

    Activity on Node (AON)

  • Project Time Management

    Construction of Network Diagrams

    Definitions ES - Earliest Start

    o Calculated from the beginning of the network

    LF - Latest Finish

    o Calculated from the end of the network

    EF - Earliest Finish

    o Calculated from the ES plus the duration

    LS - Latest Start

    o Calculated from LF minus the duration

  • Project Time Management

    Construction of Network Diagrams

    Definitions FLOAT

    o Difference between the time available for the activity and the time required

    Time available o LF ES

    Time required o D = duration

    Float o LF ES - d (AON) o Same as LS-ES or LF-EF

  • Project Time Management

    Forward Pass calculate early dates; move from left to right adding the task durations.

    Backward Pass calculate late dates; move from right to left subtracting the task durations.

    Slack (Float)

    o Total Float the amount of time an activity may be delayed from its ES without delaying the project finish date.

    o Free Float - the amount of time an activity may be delayed without delaying the ES of any activity that immediately follow.

  • Project Time Management

    Construction of Network Diagrams

    Definitions

    Critical Path

    o Critical Path is the longest path through a network and is therefore the path with the minimum float time

  • Project Time Management

    Construction of Network Diagrams

  • Project Time Management

  • Project Time Management

  • Project Time Management

  • Project Time Management

  • Project Time Management

  • Activity on Node

  • Activity on Node

  • Activity on Node

  • Activity on Node

  • Activity on Node

  • Activity on Node (AON)

    Network

  • Activity on Node Example-

    Black Box

  • Example- Drilling a Well

  • Project Time Management

    Schedule Management Plan

    o Part of the Project Management Plan Schedule Baseline

    o Develop a baseline position

    o Measure and report schedule performance against the baseline

    Performance Reports

    o used to determine if scheduled dates are being met.

    o what corrective action are required if schedule are not being met

    PMBOK Guide

  • Project Time Management

    Change Requests o Change requests come from various stakeholders in

    many forms

    o The impact on the schedule will have to be determined, shortening or lengthening

    o Update the schedule baseline

  • Project Time Management

    Schedule Change Control System

    o Detail the procedures and authorizations needed for schedule changes.

    o Tracking system

    o Integrated with the Change Control System

  • Project Time Management

    Performance Measurement

    o Measured performance against baselines

    o To assess variances

    o To identify if corrective action is required.

  • Project Time Management

    PM Software (e.g. MS Project, Primavera etc.)

    o Tracks scheduled dates and actual dates

    o Allows comparison

    o Allows the forecast on schedule changes

  • Project Time Management

    Variance Analysis

    o Analysis of scheduled dates and actual dates

    o Allows for determination of corrective actions

  • Project Time Management

    Schedule Control Schedule Baseline ( Updates )

    o Changes are tracked and compared with baseline position

    o Stakeholders must be apprised

    o Revisions to start and finish in response to scope changes

    o Re-baselining is possible, but must be done only if significant changes are being made

    o It is important to maintain older copies of such schedules

  • Project Time Management

    Exercise#10 Using the components in the WBS

    Identify the activities for the project

    Determine the sequence of these activities.

    Identify the resources required

    Determine the duration for each activity

    Draw a Network Diagram (Using AON) and

    identify the critical path

  • Example

  • Example

  • End of Presentation