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Basic Psychological Needs TheoryBasic Psychological Needs Theory

The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Well-Being

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Basic Psychological NeedsBasic Psychological Needs

Needs versus desires

Essential to growth and wellness

Universal rather than cultural

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Basic Psychological NeedsBasic Psychological Needs

and Welland Well- -BeingBeing

Well-Being

Autonomy

Competence

Relatedness

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The Importance of Need SatisfactionThe Importance of Need Satisfaction

I n various domains:Work, athletics, education, parenting, prosocial behavior,relationships, health care

Across the lifespan:Early childhood, adolescence, old age

Across cultures:Bulgaria, Russia, Canada, Brazil, South Korea, China

Across gender Across social class

Further, the balance of need satisfaction is conducive well-beingSheldon & Niemiec (2006), Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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SDT and HealthSDT and Health

Each year, ~300,000 Americans contribute to their own premature mortality

Thus, motivation is an important consideration in thepromotion of healthy behavior

SDTs focus in the health-care domain is broadTobacco useDiabetes self-managementPhysical activityDental care

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The Smokers Health StudyThe Smokers Health Study

Based on the principles of SDT

Autonomy is the clinical goal

Facilitate internalization of ASR and PC

Effects on long-term tobacco abstinence

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3030--month Tobacco Abstinencemonth Tobacco Abstinence

Williams, Niemiec, Patrick, Ryan, & Deci (2009), Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37 ,

315-324.

Treatment Condition

Change in PerceivedCompetence

.61***

.24***

.29***

.15***

.09**

.08*

Change in Autonomous Self-Regulation

.14***Medication Use 24-month Prolonged Abstinence

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Diabetes Self Diabetes Self- -ManagementManagement

Williams, Patrick, Niemiec, et al. (2009). T he Diabetes Educator, 35 , 484-492

.15***.42***

.05.13 -.31***

-.33***

.35***

.29***

PerceivedCompetence

Quality of Life Non-HDLCholesterol

GlycemicControl

Autonomy Support Autonomous Self-Regulation

.18

.13 .09

DP CP DS CS

MedicationAdherence

.30 .14 .15 .11

HbA1c Glucose

.87 .44

.11

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L ife Goals, or AspirationsL ife Goals, or Aspirations

Organize and direct behavior over extended periods of time(Kasser & Ryan, 1993, 1996)

Two classes of aspirations: intrinsic and extrinsic

Intrinsic = personal growth, close relationships, communitycontribution, physical health

Extrinsic = money, fame, image

The relation of aspirations to basic psychological needs

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Aspirations andAspirations and

Psychological HealthPsychological HealthImportance of intrinsic, relative to extrinsic, aspirations isrelated to:

Self-actualization, vitality, positive affect, satisfying relationshipsDepression, physical symptoms, narcissism

Kasser & Ryan, 1993, 1996, 2001

Intrinsic, relative to extrinsic, work value orientation:Dedication, vitality, satisfactionShort-lived satisfaction, work-family conflict, emotionalexhaustion, turn-over intentionAssociations are mediated by BPN satisfaction

Vansteenkiste, Neyrinck, Niemiec, et al. (2007), J ournal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 80 , 251-277

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Aspiration AttainmentAspiration AttainmentNiemiec, Ryan, & Deci (2009),Niemiec, Ryan, & Deci (2009), J ournal of Research in Personality, 43 J ournal of Research in Personality, 43 , 291, 291--306.306.

-.66**

.00

Ex trinsic Attainment

F IM

.21 .45 .49

.44

Ill-Being

PS NAAN

.92 .30 .74

.29

Ex trinsic Importance

F IM

.49 .54 .69

Time 1 Time 2 Time 2

.67**

Intrinsic Importance

PG CI PHCR

.12 .29 .15 .54

.51**

Well-Being

SE PALS

.63 .58 .60

.59

.77**

Intrinsic Attainment

PG CI PHCR

.69 .50 .36 .51

.26

.38**

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ConclusionsConclusions

The importance of self-awarenessThe ancient Greek aphorism, Know thyself

Inscribed above the entrance to the Temple of Apollo at Delphi

L ife withoutexamination is not worth livingSocrates assertion made to those who sentenced him to death;

Plato, T he Last Days of Socrates

He who knows himself is enlightenedL au Tzu, T ao T e Ching