Introduction to Engineering Profession

Introduction to Engineering ProfessionLecture 1MHA,2015,AAiTCourse OutlineChapter One: Engineering Profession1.1. Definition of Engineering1.2. Short History of Engineering1.3. Fields in Engineering and Historical Development1.4. Wonders of EngineeringChapter Two: Branches of Engineering2.1. Biomedical Engineering 2.2. Civil & Environmental Engineering 2.3. Chemical & Bio Engineering 2.4. Electrical and Computer Engineering 2.5. Information Technology &Software Engineering 2.6. Mechanical & Industrial EngineeringChapter Three: Engineering in Ethiopia 3.1. History of Engineering in Ethiopia3.2. Current Status of Engineering in Ethiopia3.3. Engineering Codes in Ethiopia3.4. Engineering Associations in EthiopiaChapter Four: Code of Ethics Chapter Five: Duties of Engineering Graduates

MHA,2015,AAiTCourse Objective Familiarize the students with the meaning, history and different aspects of engineering.Help the students explore future career and provide resources for job opportunities.Introduce professional practice, responsibilities, health and safety and engineering ethics in academia and in the workplace. Help the students gain a rewarding engineering education that will give them a better chance for employment.MHA,2015,AAiTCourse OutcomeUnderstanding of professional and ethical responsibilities.Ability to study effectively.Ability to think critically, being innovative/creative and apply engineering reasoning to problem solving.Ability to communicate effectivelyMHA,2015,AAiTBenefits of this courseShort term basic ideas about your prospective work and your academic performanceLong term prepare yourselves for future work be prepared to get engineering licensebe a good engineer MHA,2015,AAiTIntroduction Definition of EngineeringHistory of EngineeringResponsibilitiesThe value of the engineering professionThe legal framework of the engineering professionEngineering MajorsMHA,2015,AAiTWhat is an Engineer? The word Engineer has its roots in the Latin word Ingeniator which means ingenious, to devise in the sense of construct or craftsmanship. NAE of the US defines Engineer 2020 as understands the principals of inquiry-based scientific methods and engineering under constraint and be able to apply them in the technological societyMHA,2015,AAiTEngineeringThe art and science by which the properties of matter are made useful to man, whether in structures, machine, chemical substances or living organisms The discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problems MHA,2015,AAiTHistory of EngineeringAncient EraMiddle EraRenaissance EraModern eraMHA,2015,AAiTAncient Era

The Pharos of Alexandria, the pyramids in Egypt, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Acropolis and the Parthenon in Greece, the Roman aqueducts, Via Appia and the Colosseum, Teotihuacn and the cities and pyramids of the Mayan, Inca and Aztec Empires, the Great Wall of China, the Buddhist Stupa and Yoda Canal in Sri Lanka,Axum Obeliscs , Fasil Gimb, Lalibela Churches in EthiopiaMHA,2015,AAiTAncient Era

the pyramids in Egypt

the Hanging Gardens of Babylon

the Acropolis and the Parthenon in Greece

the ColosseumMHA,2015,AAiTAncient Era

theGreat Wall of China

A Roman aqueductMHA,2015,AAiTAncient Era

The obelisks of Axum

The Rock hewn churches of Lalibela

The Wall of JugolFasiledes CastlesMHA,2015,AAiTMiddle EraAn Artuki by the name ofAl-Jazaribuilt five machines to pump water for the kings of theTurkishArtuqid dynastyand theirpalaces. Besides over 50 ingenious mechanical devices,Al-Jazarialso developed and made innovations to segmental gears, mechanical controls,escapementmechanisms, clocks, robotics, and protocols for designing and manufacturing methods.MHA,2015,AAiTMiddle Era

Al-Jazaris two-piston suction pumpMHA,2015,AAiTRenaissance Era

The firstelectrical engineeris considered to beWilliam Gilbert, with his 1600 publication ofDe Magnete, who was the originator of the term "electricityThe firststeam enginewas built in 1698 bymechanical engineerThomas Savery. The development of this device gave rise to the industrial revolutionin the coming decades, allowing for the beginnings ofmass production.With the rise of engineering as aprofessionin the 18th century, the term became more narrowly applied to fields in which mathematics and science were applied to these ends. Similarly, in addition to military and civil engineering the fields then known as themechanic artsbecame incorporated into engineering.

MHA,2015,AAiTRenaissance Era

Thomas Saverys mobile steam engineWilliam Gilbert electricity inventionMHA,2015,AAiTModern Era Electrical Engineeringcan trace its origins in the experiments of Alessandro Voltain the 19th century, the experiments ofMichael Faraday,Georg Ohmand others and the invention of theelectric motorin 1872. The work ofJames MaxwellandHeinrich Hertzin the late 19th century gave rise to the field ofElectronics. The later inventions of the vacuum tubeand thetransistorfurther accelerated the development of Electronics to such an extent that electrical and electronics engineers currently outnumber their colleagues of any other Engineering specialty.ModernMechanical Engineering. The inventions of Thomas Savery and the Scottish engineerJames Wattgave rise to Chemical Engineering, developed in the 19th century during theIndustrial Revolution.[3]Industrial scale manufacturing demanded new materials and new processes and by 1880 the need for large scale production of chemicals was such that a new industry was created, dedicated to the development and large scale manufacturing of chemicals in new industrial plants.T he role of the chemical engineer was the design of these chemical plants and processes.Aeronautical Engineering andAerospace EngineeringIts origins can be traced back to the aviation pioneers around the turn of the 20th century Early knowledge of aeronautical engineering was largely empirical with some concepts and skills imported from other branches of engineering. Only a decade after the successful flights by theWright brothers, the 1920s saw extensive development of aeronautical engineering through development ofWorld War Imilitary aircraftThe firstPhDin engineering (technically,applied science and engineering) awarded in the United States went toWillard GibbsatYale Universityin 1863; it was also the second PhD awarded in science in the U.S.In 1990, with the rise ofcomputertechnology, the firstsearch enginewas built bycomputer engineerAlan Emtage.MHA,2015,AAiTModern Era

MHA,2015,AAiTPre-Scientific RevolutionThe forerunners of engineers, practical artists and craftsmen, proceeded mainly by trial and error. Yet tinkering combined with imagination produced many marvelous devices and monuments. The ancient Egyptians temples and monuments such as the great Pyramids are examples of craftsmanship and intuitive engineering ingenuityThe prehistory of modern engineering features ancient master builders and Renaissance engineers such as Leonardo da Vinci.MHA,2015,AAiTIndustrial RevolutionFrom the eighteenth through early nineteenth century, civil and mechanical engineers changed from practical artists to scientific professionals.This phase of engineering lasted through the First Industrial Revolution, when machines, increasingly powered by steam engines, started to replace muscles in most production. While pulling off the revolution, traditional artisans transformed themselves to modern professionals.MHA,2015,AAiTSecond industrial revolutionIn the century before World War II, chemical, electrical, and other science based engineering branches developed electricity, telecommunications, cars, airplanes, and mass production.The second industrial revolution, symbolized by the advent of electricity and mass production, was driven by many branches of engineering.MHA,2015,AAiTInformation Revolution As engineering science matured after the war, microelectronics, computers, and telecommunications jointly produced information technology.Microelectronics, telecommunications, and computer engineering joined force to precipitate the information revolution in which intellectual chores are increasingly alleviated by machines.MHA,2015,AAiTResponsibilities of the Professional Engineer Safety of the publicWelfare of the society Environmental concernsAbide by laws, regulations, standards and ethical codeProduce products/devices that have the following characteristics:Adequate performanceCost-efficientLow operating and maintenance costLongevity/durabilityMHA,2015,AAiT

The Value of the Engineering Profession

Engineers are responsible of development of civilizations. They provide:SheltersInfrastructureCommunication to link peopleProducts to make our lives easier and more enjoyable.MHA,2015,AAiT

The Legal Framework of the Engineering Profession

Codes and standards set minimum requirements to ensure public safety and adequate performance.Example of the first structural design code: the code of Hammourabi (a well-preservedBabylonianlaw codeof ancientMesopotamia)Code of ethics of the profession such as conflict of interest.MHA,2015,AAiT

Engineering Majors :Traditional

Civil EngineeringEnvironmental EngineeringMechanical EngineeringElectrical EngineeringComputer EngineeringChemical EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringConstruction EngineeringMHA,2015,AAiTEngineering Majors:Non TraditionalBiomedical EngineeringBuilding EngineeringMaterials EngineeringCommunication Systems EngineeringManufacturing EngineeringEnergy & Renewable Energy EngineeringEngineering PhysicsPetroleum EngineeringGenetic EngineeringMHA,2015,AAiT