Lecture 12 Internet services authoring languages - XML •XML(Extensible Markup Language): is a more friendly language based on HTML and allows the designer to use his own tags that

Lecture 12Internet services

Email

WWW (World Wide Web)

Other important services

E-commerce

Internet Telephony

Dr. Nazih Abdallah - Modern business computer 1

Lecture objectives

• Understand how the Internet operate.

• Understand email and different email features

• Understand how the WWW performs: HTTP, Browser and Search engine

• Different WWW services • E-commerce and its Web tools including cookies.

• Social networking

• Understand other important Internet services• Instant messaging

• Chat and chat rooms

• Blogs


Introduction

• Internet VS transportation network

• Agencies that oversee the Internet standards

• IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)• Volunteer members approved by the board

• Develops Internet standards

• RFCs (Request for Comment) detail and define the established standards

• W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)• Created and headed by the Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee

• Member agency (351 members) stationed at MIT (Massawhere it was created.


Other important agencies

IEC ((International Electro-technical Commission) private non-profit agency that prepares and publishes international standards for electronic

and electrical technologies.

ISO (International Standardization Organization) based in Geneva (Switzerland) prepares and promotes international commercial and

industrial standards.

VeriSign (Symantic): operates a diverse array of network infrastructure, including two of the Internet’s thirteen

root name servers

The generic top-level domains for .com and .net

a variety of security and telecom services:

Digital certificates considered as electronic ID for businesses.

Payments processing.

Managed firewalls

Downloadable digital content for mobile devices.


E-mail

• Early Email systems:

• Many attempts to developing network email systems resulted in some of the following

• Network should have compatible devices

• Networks should be similar (same topology)

• Both sender and receiver should be online to be able to send and receive.

• Address and protocol were specific to each network

• technologies specifications:

• These limitations were not acceptable to satisfy military need of fast mailing system using Arpanet which resulted in the creation of an interoperability mailing system in 1971.

• This system was based on the work of Ray Tomlinson who is credited with using the

sign @ for the first time to separate the name of the subscriber from the name-address of the machine.

• Tomlinson system on the ARPANET is the forerunner of modern email service that uses the Internet pathways.


Modern Email service

• Modern email service is based on “store-and-forward” technology.

• Email messages are coded using ASCII format.

• Email service provider or Internet service provider (ISP) maintain 2 mailboxes for each subscriber: One for the incoming mail and another for the outgoing mail.

• Sent emails use a protocol known as SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) which is used only to deliver your sent emails to the servers of their recipients.

• To get incoming mail from their mailboxes, subscribers use one of two available protocols: POP (Post Office Protocol) or IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)


POP (Post Office Protocol)

• Access the mailboxes and download emails to your computer (all available emails together)

• This allows you to leave the Internet connection and read your emails at your ease.

• The latest version is POP3.• Messages must be deleted with the possibility to leave

copies on the server.• Too many copies left will result in your mailboxes being

full and mail reception denied while the boxes are not emptied.


IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

IMAP is a client server protocol that allows emails to be received and held by the server of your ISP (Internet Service Provider) and allows you to:

• Work with the server mailboxes as if they were on your own computer.

• Download each email message alone from the Inbox folder and work offline like POP and the message doesn’t have to be deleted like in POP.

• Create folders or mailboxes and classify emails as: “deleted”, “answered”, “sent items”, “flagged”, “favorites”, etc… and file them in organized folders

• Access same email from multiple computers


Email important features

• Email important features for business include:

• CC (Carbon copy): allows you to send the email to many addressees simultaneously. Each addressee will see the addresses of all other recipients.

• BCC (Blind Carbon copy): Addresses of BCC recipients are hidden from all other recipients. This feature is extensively used in business and government.

• Attachment: The most important feature that enables email to carry along all type of files including multimedia non-ASCII format files.

• To be able to travel with plain text ASCII formatted emails, non-ASCII files are converted into ASCII format using a technology known as MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)


Importance of MIME

- Before MIME Email message was supposed to be plain English text

- No characters of other languages and no attachments were possible

- MIME made this possible by operating as follows:

• At the sender end: • Check the email message for the presence of Non-English items and converts them into

ASCII code.

• Check about the presence of attachments and treats each of them separately converting it into ASCII code.

• Inform the receiver end about what to expect to make reverse operation as easy as possible.

• At the receiver end MIME performs the reverse operation and displays the message and attachments in their original format.


Mailing lists or distribution lists

• This is the most used feature in business and consists of sending email messages simultaneously to a group of people or businesses or a combination of both using only one collective address.

• List software is available with MS Outlook and similar application software that enables you to build your own mailing lists.

• Businesses and organizations of all types use this feature to build several mailing lists that contribute to improving their productivity.

• Many people and businesses abuse mailing lists by selling them as a commodity in the marketing industry and or in the black market. Customer awareness is highly necessary so that whenever you disclose your email

address anywhere for any reason and most importantly in commercial and service businesses, you must ask: where your address will end up?

will it be part of a mailing list sold in the black market without your own knowledge or your own consent?.


Email service provider

• There are many ways to get email services that can be summarized by the following:

• ISPs (Internet service provider) like AT&T, AOL, Bright house, etc… provide email service as part of other services in the same package.

• Webmail provided by:• Web-host services: provide room for email service associated with the website itself.

• Free standing website that have its own domain name, servers and database.

• Large webmail services each of which has its pros and cons. We will consider the most prominent and popular of them next:

• When using any webmail service it is strongly recommended that you download all emails to your computer instead of leaving them online otherwise your allowed storage will be filled very fast.


Email service providers

• Hotmail of Microsoft: lately was configured as part of Windows Live:

• First free webmail

• Provide as much space as you need (Inbox capacity increase automatically with your need)

• No instant notification program offered.

• Yahoo mail:

• Free Yahoo site webmail

• Unlimited storage

• No excessive email usage permitted.

• Charges for POP access to download incoming mail.

• Easy to use interface.

• Gmail of Google is the newest webmail with several unique features and offers the following:

• Free webmail

• 7 gigabytes of storage space

• Free POP to download your emails to your PC.

• “Gmail Notifier” software notifies you upon arrival of new email.Dr. Nazih Abdallah - Modern business computer 13

WWW (World Wide Web)http://www

• The Web service is the most prominent service of the Internet

• population of the web and its too many tools have had their astounding effects on Internet popularity especially as a means to get news and information.

• Tim Berners-Lee invented the web service over many steps:• 1980 he wrote a program called “ENQUIRE” that link computer information

points to each other.• He wrote “Information management” hypertext that became later the WWW.

And he published the first web page.• 1990 he declared the invention of:

• The World Wide Web • HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) to format web pages• A global hypertext and hypertext Graphical user interface browser based

on “WYSIWYG” (What You see Is What You Get) web editor to convert and display HTML tagged web pages.

• He performed the first HTTP client server communication using the Internet.


WWW (World Wide Web)http://www

• 1993 CERN (European Committee for Nuclear Research) and Tim Berners-Lee donated the Web invention to the world. And the first commercial browser MOSAIC (became later Netscape navigator) was created.

• 1994 Berners-Lee who is now a professor at MIT created the W3C that oversees the Web standards and he serves till now as the head of that consortium.

• 1996 Microsoft launched its Internet Explorer and its Hotmail webmail service and in 1999 Microsoft and its IE overtook Netscape navigator and blogger publishing service was launched.

• 1998 search engine Google started and performed over 3 million searches/day

• 2003 more than 3 billion web pages posted on the WEB. And 2004 Mozilla launched the newest browser FIREFOX

• 2006 the number of Web pages approached the 10 billions


Website- Web page


• Hyperlink

• Element in an electronic document that when clicked, opens a related document

• Hypertext, hypermedia

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): Stateless protocol work as a mailman to control communication between browsers of Web clients and Web servers

Website- Web page

•A website is a collection of web pages it is like a folder of HTML files (public- HTML)

•A web page is an HTML file that can be opened by a browser

• Items in each page are linked with other items in the same page or in other pages by means of hyperlinksthat was behind the hypertext file and hypertext protocol names.


Web tools

• Web browser: has 2 roles• Use URL and HTTP to request Web pages from Web servers• Display the pages on your monitor.• If pages are not available it displays a message about that.

• Plug-in: Works with a Web browser to offer extended services where enables users to view animations and videos, and interact with games and other multimedia content (Flash is a popular plug-in)

• Player: Software that enables the browser to open and play multimedia files (Microsoft media player)

• Players and plug-in are known as helper applications that extend the power of the browser in dealing with multimedia files.

• Content streaming: Media begins playing while the file is being delivered• Web server

• Stores Web pages and files related to other Web services• Delivers requested Web pages to HTTP


Web authoring languages - HTML

• HTML5 or XHTML is the latest version• Uses predefined formatting tags

• Tags are used in pair between brackets

• The example below shows how this language works.

• <!DOCTYPE HTML><html><head><title>Title of the document</title></head><body>The content of the document......</body></html>


Web authoring languages - XML

• XML(Extensible Markup Language): is a more friendly language based on HTML and allows the designer to use his own tags that are usually more related to the content of the page. This is a web friendly language. See the example below:

• <Grocery><Grocery type="seafood"><fish>red snapper</fish><origin>wild caught</origin><place>Alaska</place><price>12.99</price>

</Grocery>


Web authoring languages - WML

• WML(Wireless markup language): • Designed for mobile devices and web applications for mobile computing and smart

phones.• uses Select tag to define the selection and it is based on the XML a sample program is

written below:

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.2//EN"

"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml12.dtd">

<wml>

<card title="Selectable List">

<p> Select a Tutorial :

<select>

<option value="htm">HTML Tutorial</option>

<option value="xml">XML Tutorial</option>

<option value="wap">WAP Tutorial</option>

</select>

</p>

</card>

</wml> Dr. Nazih Abdallah - Modern business computer 21

Web authoring software

•Many WYSIWYG web authoring software:• following templates that is already built using tags

• do it by yourself approach so you don’t have to start from scratch with HTML or XML

• Very convenient and very fast in authoring webpages

• Templates almost make the web site authoring very easy automatic task.

• The most important software are listed below:• MS Front page

• MS Expression

• Adobe Dreamweaver and Adobe Creative suite CS6.


Web authoring software

•Services that design and complete the website for you •They are expensive and the follow-up is always a

problem•On the other hand thousands of templates are

available for you on the Web to choose from and you usually have 2 options:• You buy the template entirely so that nobody else can use

it and the price in this case will be between 2 and 10 thousand dollars and may be more.

• You use the template one time to author your web page and the price will be few hundred dollars or less.


Web addressing

• IP address • Four numbers (0 to 255) separated by periods, such as

64.233.161.104• 4 bytes are used to store the IP address

• The number in each byte cannot exceed 255• The number of IPs available is 256^4

• Domain name is an associated English names assigned to IP addresses

• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)• Acts as a Web page address• Incorporates domain name of Web server and location of

Web page file on server

http://www.cs.ucf.edu/courses/cgs2100


http://www.cs.ucf.edu/courses/cgs2100

Search Engine

• Search engine: like Google help the browser in finding website addresses for clients

• Software tool that finds related documents from diverse Internet sources using keywords

• Scour the Web with bots (automated programs) called spiders: Crawling

• Meta search engine allows users to run keyword searches on several search engines at once

• Synchronous communication: People communicate in real time exchanging thoughts in a flowing conversation

• Asynchronous communication: Allows participants to leave messages


Chat & Instant messaging

• Chat and Instant messaging • Synchronous one-to-one text-based communication over the Internet• Instant messaging software supports the following services

• Instant messages• Chat• Nudges, animated winks, and graphics• Web links• Image, sounds• Files and file sharing• Talk• Streaming content

• Chat: Synchronous text messaging between two or more users• Channels or chat rooms: Topic-related forums• Virtual chat: Provides a virtual world to chat and interaction with others:

Avatar provides 3D representation of yourself in the virtual world


Other web services

• Text messaging (Short Message Service or SMS): Method for sending short messages between cell phones: Not longer than 160 characters.

• Web Logs (Blogs): Sites created to express the views and opinions of an individual

• Originally used as online journals, but as they became more mainstream, tools were developed to aid users in creating blogs and RSS reader is a tool used to subscribe to a blog


E-commerce or E-business

E-commerce consists of a system that supports electronically executed business transactions. It is known as clicks and mortar by analogy with the regular bricks and mortar business and its physical location• E-store: Business website used to promote electronic

transactions is considered equivalent to a bricks and mortar location in the

• E-storefront: is considered to be the home page of the website e-store. Which necessitate that special attention must be given to the design of the front page and its content that must be:• Informative• Rich with interesting topics• Appealing for visitors to come again.• entertaining

• E-shopping cart: is a collection of cookies created by the web server and stored on individual hard disks of users.


Cookies• Cookies are:

• Small text files generated by web servers and stored on your computer HD.

• Can contain data or unique identifier that can be used to look up your personal profile in a database and dispatch pop-ups and other advertisement material to your desktop

• Only web server that created it can access it.

• May be a threat to security and privacy

• Your computer can deny cookies.

• Cookie sample:

cckcookie3ddhetherewww.fastmode.com/233300292347023478221143780103098710307*


Types of e-commerce

• Business-to-consumer e-commerce (B2C): Connects individual consumers with sellers that result in the following:

• Dis-intermediation: eliminating middlemen and brokers and most of the wholesale chain of commerce.

• consumer benefits:

• Access to variety of products and services without constraints of time or distance

• Lower cost

• business benefits

• get customer feedback and personalize offerings to customer's profile

• higher sales income

• Business-to-business e-commerce (B2B): Supports business transactions across private networks, the Internet, and the Web (Raw materials, tools, parts, machinery, office equipment, transportation and shipping).

• Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce (C2C): Connects individual sellers with people shopping for used items (e-bay)

• Mobile commerce: M-commerce

• Use of smart phones and other high mobility devices to buy online.

• E-commerce over smartphones and pad computers

• Take advantage of mobile Internet and extensive Web applicationsDr. Nazih Abdallah - Modern business computer 30

Dis-intermediation (B2C)

• Sell products to consumers without using traditional retail channels

• Enables companies to maximize benefits by eliminating middleman


E-commerce• Mobile commerce: M-commerce

• Use of smart phones and other high mobility devices to buy online.

• E-commerce over smartphones and pad computers

• Takes advantage of mobile Internet and extensive Web applications.

• Cybermall: the online equivalent of the regular bricks and mortar shopping mall or shopping center and consists of a huge website where you can lease online space instead of running your own website. The advantages are:

• Strengths:

• High exposure (any customer of any business is a potential customer of all other businesses.

• More effective marketing

• Higher standards

• Cons:

• Higher cost

• Needs to abide by mall standards

• Less freedom to behave on your own and apply your own policy.

• E-tailing (Electronic retailing) When a retailer use Internet services (email solicitations, websites, social media, etc…) to sell his products or services.

• It is a retail business to consumer e-commerce.

• Retailer must be able to:

• Keep the market informed about products and prices

• Deliver on time to customers doorsteps

• Most retailers practice e-tailing that sometimes extend his market far beyond neighborhoods, cities, counties and states.

• Good examples of e-tailing businesses are: Wal-Mart, Target, Macy’s, etc…Dr. Nazih Abdallah - Modern business computer 32

Internet telephony

• Internet Telephony

• Introduction: This technology also called IP telephony or VoIP telephony consist of converting telephone analog audio waves into digital format that will be cut into packets and abide by the Internet standards.

• VoIP evolution:

• Internet telephony continues to gain increasing popularity every year This technology started its journey in 1995 with VoIP software released by a small software company “Vocaltec”.

• VoIP growth was slow (less than 5%) annually until 2007.

• Since 1997 until today annual growth exploded to more than 15%.

• Reason for this growth may be summarized by the following:

• Low cost with an ultimate target to offer it for free in the future.

• Video telephony is becoming ubiquitous, easy and available to all Internet users as part of their Internet subscription with no additional cost.

• Mobility: It is available from any Internet access point.

• Easy control and back-up.

• Abundance of Internet apps and VoIP service providers.

• The industry is estimated to be more than $ 15 billon today.


VoIP• Cable companies are the most important providers and claim more than 60% of the

market• Other providers include:

• Phone Power• VoIPo• Phone.com and many others

• VoIP important applications• Skype: Pioneered the video telephone service that contributed heavily to the

popularity of this technology.• Vonage: offer hardware and software with a local telephone number that can be

used anywhere in the world if you have Internet access and a PC.• I-phone Viber is cross-platform software app protocol for VoIP that offers video

telephony over I-phone and all other smartphones that are able to run the app.• What’s app messenger is a cross platform software app that offers texting only with

the possibility to exchange multimedia files.• Face-time app offers video telephone on I-phone or any smart phone that is able to

run iOS mobile operating system.• Many other applications add up to VoIP apps arsenal making VoIP available

everywhere around the clock. • The list comprises: Tango, ooVoo, Yahoo! Messenger, Vtok, Quick Video, WeTalk,

Vichat, Camfrog Vive and Paltalk

•


Documents

Lecture 12 Internet services authoring languages - XML •XML(Extensible Markup Language): is a more friendly language based on HTML and allows the designer to use his own tags that