Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Lecture 10 (2/16/2014) Slide 1

Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics

PHYS522 ECE695

(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/

Lecture 10Quantum Optics of Photons 1

Reminder: •Lecture notes taker•Seminar Friday•Next week lecture: Monday by Prof. Elliott (Chap5-6); Wednesday by David Blasing (Chap 9, light-atom)•HWK3 due in 2 weeks, see online

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Lecture 10 (2/16/2014) Slide 2

Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics

PHYS522 ECE695

(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/

Lectures Topics Lecture 1 (1/13) Overview (FQ1+) Lecture 2 (1/15) Review Classical Optics (FQ2; FS1-2) No Class on 1/20 Monday (MLK day) Lecture 3 (1/22) Review Quantum Mechanics, birth of photons (FQ3+) Lecture 4 (1/27) Quantum Information, cryptography & communication (FQ12) Lecture 5 (1/29) Radiative Transitions in Atoms & Molecules (FQ4; FS8.2) Lecture 6 (2/03) Radiative/Inter-band transition in solids (FS3, FS7.3.2) Lecture 7 (2/05) Masers & Lasers: CW, pulsed, frequency comb, Xasers Lecture 8 (2/10) Photon Statistics (FQ5) Lecture 9 (2/12) Photon Correlation (FQ6), extension to other (quasi)particles Lecture 10 (2/17) Coherent, Squeezed & Number states (FQ7,8) Lecture 11 (2/19) Resonant Light-atom interaction, density matrices, Rabi oscillation (FQ9) Lecture 12 (2/24) Solid state quantum structures: wells, wires and dots (FS6) Lecture 13 (2/26) Laser cooling of atoms & solids (FQ11+) Lecture 14 (3/03) Cold atoms & atom optics, atom lasers (given by TA R. Niffenegger) Lecture 15 (3/05) TBD (Special topics/APS/coherent control) Lecture 16 (3/10) Excitons and Polaritons (FS4+) Lecture 17 (3/12) Luminescence, Luminescence/NV centers & quantum emitters (FS5,9+) No classes on 3/17 & 3/19 (Spring Break) Lecture 18 (3/24) EIT, slow light (Agarwal) & coherent control Lecture 19 (3/26) Quantum entanglement, memory & teleportation (FQ14) Lecture 20 (3/31) Atoms in cavities, Jaynes-Cummings model (FQ10) Lecture 21 (4/02) Cavity QED/circuit QED, optomechanics Lecture 22 (4/07) Quantum Computing, photon based QC (FQ13+) Lecture 23 (4/09) Quantum Computing systems: ions, Rydberg atoms, molecules Lecture 24 (4/14) Quantum Computing systems: superconductor/cQED, quantum dots, NMR Lecture 25 (4/16) Photonics with nanomaterials: CNT, graphene & 2D materials (FS8+) Lecture 26 (4/21) Phonons/Vibrons and Raman spectroscopy, CARS (FS10) Lecture 27 (4/23) Special topics: Quantum Sensing & Photodetectors, applications Lecture 28 (4/28) Special topics: Optically synthetic gauge fields/topological/quantum

matter, quantum emulation, student presentations Lecture 29 (4/30) Special topics: Casimir, (quantum) plasmonics etc. student presentations Final Exam on (TBD)

Course OutlinePart 1: basic review:Optics+Quantum;

Part 2: Basic Light-matter interaction; laser;

Part 3: Quantum Optics of photons

Part 4: More advanced light-matter interaction

Part 5: Quantum information/photonics/applications

Subject to change;Check updates on course web/wiki

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Lecture 10 (2/16/2014) Slide 3

Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics

PHYS522 ECE695

(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/

Quantum Optics of PhotonsFQ’Chap5

Chap 7-8: coherent, squeezed, & number states

FQ’Chap6

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Lecture 10 (2/16/2014) Slide 4

Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics

PHYS522 ECE695

(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/

Photon StatisticsFQ’Chap5

Single photon detector:•PMT (photomultiplier tube)•APD (avalanche photodiode)

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Lecture 10 (2/16/2014) Slide 5

Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics

PHYS522 ECE695

(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/

How many photons (detected)?

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Lecture 10 (2/16/2014) Slide 6

Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics

PHYS522 ECE695

(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/

Coherent Light: Poisson Photon Statistics

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Lecture 10 (2/16/2014) Slide 7

Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics

PHYS522 ECE695

(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Lecture 10 (2/16/2014) Slide 8

Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics

PHYS522 ECE695

(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/

Classification of Light by Photon Statistics

(Nonclassical light)

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Lecture 10 (2/16/2014) Slide 9

Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics

PHYS522 ECE695

(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/

Superpoissonian Light1) Thermal Light (blackbody)

4( ) ~N

/( ) E kTNN E e

kT

avE kT4( ) ~u kT

Classical (Rayleigh-Jeans)

Planck (quantum):E n n / /(1 )kT n kT

nN N e e

av / 1kTE

e

2

2 3

3D photon DOS

( )gc

avDOS* E

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Lecture 10 (2/16/2014) Slide 10

Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics

PHYS522 ECE695

(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/

(focus on one mode)

Particle (Photon)“wave noise”

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Lecture 10 (2/16/2014) Slide 11

Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics

PHYS522 ECE695

(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/

(Superpoissonian)

2. “Chaotic” (partially coherent light)

Measurement time T (smaller) vs. c

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Lecture 10 (2/16/2014) Slide 12

Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics

PHYS522 ECE695

(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/

Subpoissonian Light

But: any (random) loss willrandomize the photons(det. Subpoissonian challenging)

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Lecture 10 (2/16/2014) Slide 13

Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics

PHYS522 ECE695

(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Lecture 10 (2/16/2014) Slide 14

Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics

PHYS522 ECE695

(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/

(single photon) photodetector

PMT APD

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Lecture 10 (2/16/2014) Slide 15

Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics

PHYS522 ECE695

(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/

Theory of Photodetection (semiclasical)

If I(t)=I constant

If I(t) fluctuating, superpoissonian

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Lecture 10 (2/16/2014) Slide 16

Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics

PHYS522 ECE695

(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/

Theory of Photodetection (quantum)

But: any (random) loss willrandomize the photons(det. Subpoissonian challenging)

Key: high Q.E.

Purdue University Spring 2014 Prof. Yong P. Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Lecture 10 (2/16/2014) Slide 17

Introduction to Quantum Optics & Quantum Photonics

PHYS522 ECE695

(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/

Next Lecture (10): quantum optics of photons

• FQ Chap 5.