Lecture 1 Overview of Course - In Class(1)

8/10/2019 Lecture 1 Overview of Course - In Class(1)

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VTPB 489Eukaryotic Cell Processes 1

• Exams – given on Wed and Thurs PM

(only take the exam once), 6:00 – 8:30 PM,VMS 210

• Office location: VMS 206B• Office hours: see syllabus

• *Review/Help Sessions: Mondays, 6:00 – 8:00 PM, VMS

210. Not required but will take roll. No review/help

session the Monday before an exam – ask questionsinstead. If close to the next letter grade and you attended

most (>85%) review sessions, the higher grade will prevail.

(Points for effort)



Exams

• 4 topical Exams: ~120 points each; several versions of the

same exam;• Comprehensive final: 120 points (counts the same as a

regular exam). Follow university schedule. You MUST take

the final. All exams are normalized to 100%.

• Al l reading assignments wi l l be covered on the exams –

no t l i t t le detai ls – concentrate on the major po ints.

• Every exam counts.

• Excused absences are needed for missed exams – based

on University rules. Only one makeup exam time.

• If > 75% of students miss a given question – that

question will be dropped. If you have it correct –

counted as extra points.



Quizzes/Homework

• Quizzes: 8 quizzes 20 points eachlowest 2 grades are dropped6X 20 pts = 120 pts (equivalent to an exam)

If you miss a quiz – that quiz is one of your droppedscores.

• You canNot make up quizzes (even if officially excused).• If you miss more than 2 quizzes and have an excused

absence for all quizzes missed - extra points will be

included on the final exam to make up the points.

• Quizzes will be given at different times duringclass.

• Homework: 2 assignments X 25 points. Done ingroups of 2-4. Set them up TODAY or ASAP.

• Names in your group are due Friday.



More on Quizzes and Grade

• If there is a prolonged illness, etc., I will workwith you, DON’T PANIC.

• Good idea – review your notes beforecoming to class.

• Quizzes sometimes are announced ahead oftime. Other times not.

• Some may be open book – usually NOT.

• Unlike the exams, quizzes are timed.

• Unlike exams, 2 quizzes are dropped.



Testing Format

• Exams and quizzes have a variety of questions-

matching, multiple choice, short answer, fill in the

blank, discussion, and true and false

NOTE: in true/false you will be asked to fix thefalse statements to make them true.

Grades are curved.

– Discussion questions

Whenever possible – partial credit is given.

Carefully read the questions and directions.



e ampus

Grades will be posted on eCampus.

Includes a link to the syllabus, slides, email,assignments, and supplemental readings, as well aspractice problems.

For each lecture, a copy of most of the slides (not all)

will be uploaded to webCT.

Important: Slides shown in class and

downloaded will be very similar – but NOT

identical. In addition, information will be

given in class that are not on the slides.

You need to come to class and TAKE

NOTES. Information discussed in class will

be included on quizzes and exams.



Textbook

• Several textbooks are on reserve at MSL for your use(including several editions of the Garrett and

Grisham textbook ) – can use the fourth or fifth

edition, but page numbers slightly differ; you are

responsible of finding the appropriate page numbersto read; supplemental handouts on line.

• NO extra credit or assignments will be given at

the end of the semester . DO NOT WAIT UNTIL THE

END OF THE SEMESTER TO GET POINTS!! Pleasedon’t ask.



My Philosophy

• I want you to do well – I want you to learn.

• Studying t ip : understand and grasp the concepts

first, have a clear understanding of how things work,then systematically learn the details. Information builds.Will be taught this way.

• NOTE – a small amount of credit is given for effort at the

end of the semester (recitation and help sessionattendance; do readings, ask questions, etc.). Attendanceis taken at help sessions and recitations. ONLY useful ifyou are on the border between 2 grades (1-3 points) – good attendance – will get the higher grade.

• Ask questions – There is no dumb question! I may notbe able to answer all questions but will look them upfor you.

• My role is to help you understand and integrate

the material.



• I know this course is hard – there is a lot of material to

learn – it is not impossible – make up your mind now that

you have to study and go over the material step by step

and frequently and you will do GREAT!

Please be respectful

• If late, come in quietly.

• You will Not be allowed to enter once a quiz has started

until the quiz is taken up. Then you may enter.

• Please turn off cell phones and beepers – OK to have

on vibrate.

• Please don’t carry on conversations during lecture.

• I will openly admit I don’t know it all and that I’m not

perfect. There will be occasional mistakes on grading,

but all mistakes will be rectified – don’t get upset.

They will be fixed!!



Please be respectful

• If late, come in quietly.

• You will Not be allowed to enter once a quiz has started

until the quiz is taken up. Then you may enter.

• Please turn off cell phones and beepers – OK to have on

vibrate.

• Please don’t carry on conversations during lecture.

• I will openly admit I don’t know it all and that I’m not

perfect. There will be occasional mistakes on grading,

but all mistakes will be rectified – don’t get upset.They will be fixed!!



Expected to know organicnomenclature

Review Organic chemistry (see handout). You

are expected to know the nomenclature.

Bonds that link biomolecules

Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic cells

For first exam, learn the functional groups of

alcohol, alkene, aldehyde, ketone, ester,

ether, amino



Review: Organic Chemistry

• You should know the functional groups of an alkane,

alkene, alkyne, alcohol, ether, amine, aldehyde, ketone,

carboxylic acid, ester, amide, etc. and how organic

compounds are named.

• Carbon atoms are tetravalent – can form 4 bonds

• O atoms are divalent – can form 2 bonds

• H and halogen atoms are monovalent – form 1 bond

• Valence (noun) = number of bonds an atom can

form; This is NOT equal to valence electrons,which is an adjective (adj) – number of electrons

in the outer shell.



The Periodic Table

www.dayah.com/periodic



The Periodic Table

• Important groups IA-VIIA

• IA: 1e , forms 1 bond; H (1s1), Li (3s1)

• IIA: 2e-, forms 2 bonds; Mg (3s2), Ca (4s2)

• IIIA: 3e-, forms 3 bonds (compare to VA)

• IVA: 4e-, forms 4 bonds; C (2s22p2)

• VA: 5e-, 3 bonds + 1 pair e-; N:(2s22p3)

• VIA: 6 e-, 2 bonds + 2 pair e-; ¨O: (2s22p4), ¨S:

(2s2

2p4

)• VIIA: 7 e-, 1 bond + 3 pairs of e-, :Cl¨: (3s23p5),

:I¨: (5s25p5)





H

2.20

Electronegativity Values

for Some Elements

Li

0.98

Be

1.57

B

2.04

C

2.55

N

3.04

O

3.44

F

3.98

Na

0.90

Mg

1.31

Al

1.61

Si

1.90

P

2.19

S

2.58

Cl

3.16

K

0.82

Ca

1.00

Ga

1.81

Ge

2.01

As

2.18

Se

2.55

Br

2.96

Electronegativity (ability to attract

electrons)

The higher the electronegativity, the greater the pull for ions.



Biomolecular Bonds

• Are considered as weak bonds (strongest of the weak

bonds). Actually a range of strengths.• Covalent bonds – sharing of electrons; vary in

strength (can be weak to strong); Covalent strength

is greatest amongst atoms of similar

electronegativity. Why?• If electronegativity is very different – not an equal

sharing. Variation of electron sharing – electronegativity.

• Weaker end - low boiling temps and low meltingpoints (ethanol); at stronger end (diamond and

quartz) – very high boiling temps and meltingpoints. Bond strength influences properties!



Covalent bond formation

by e- pair sharing: Bond

energy up to 946 kJ/mol inbiomolecular molecules.

Lowest is 142 kJ/mol, then

292 kJ/mol; average of

421 kJ/mol. Distancebetween nuclei = bond

distance.

◄

◄



Weak Bonds (1) H

Biomolecular bonds are weak:1. H bonds – (H-OH bonds); polar covalent bond thatinvolves H; bond between H covalently bound to anelectronegative atom (O or N) and a secondelectronegative atom that serves as the H bond acceptor.

H Donor H Acceptor (O or N)carboxyl H ketone O

alcohol H ether O

secondary amine H phosphate O

Are directional, bond forms between a H donor , andelectronegative acceptor .



H Bond donors andacceptors

H bonds have 0.26-0.31 nm bond length

(average o f 0.28 nm )

Note molecules thatdonate and accept H.

What do they have in

common?

Recall – covalent

bonds

measured

between

nuclei.

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Lecture 1 Overview of Course - In Class(1)