Digital Image ProcessingDigital Image Processing

Lecture 1 Lecture 1

IntroductionIntroduction

Autumn 2010Autumn 2010

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IntroductionIntroduction

►► What is Digital Image Processing?

Digital Image— a two-dimensional function

x and y are spatial coordinates

The amplitude of f is called intensity or gray level at the point (x, y)

Digital Image Processing— process digital images by means of computer, it covers low-, mid-, and high-level

processes

low-level: inputs and outputs are images

mid-level: outputs are attributes extracted from input images

high-level: an ensemble of recognition of individual objects

Pixel— the elements of a digital image

( , )f x y

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Origins of Digital Image ProcessingOrigins of Digital Image Processing

Sent by submarine cable between London and New York, the transportation time was reduced to less than three hours from more than a week

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Origins of Digital Image ProcessingOrigins of Digital Image Processing

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Sources for ImagesSources for Images

►► Electromagnetic (EM) energy spectrumElectromagnetic (EM) energy spectrum

►► AcousticAcoustic

►► UltrasonicUltrasonic

►► ElectronicElectronic

►► Synthetic images produced by computerSynthetic images produced by computer

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Electromagnetic (EM) energy spectrumElectromagnetic (EM) energy spectrum

Major uses

Gamma-ray imaging: nuclear medicine and astronomical observations

X-rays: medical diagnostics, industry, and astronomy, etc.

Ultraviolet: lithography, industrial inspection, microscopy, lasers, biological imaging,and astronomical observations

Visible and infrared bands: light microscopy, astronomy, remote sensing, industry, and law enforcement

Microwave band: radar

Radio band: medicine (such as MRI) and astronomy

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Examples: GamaExamples: Gama--Ray Imaging Ray Imaging

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Examples: XExamples: X--Ray Imaging Ray Imaging

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Examples: Ultraviolet Imaging Examples: Ultraviolet Imaging

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Examples: Light Microscopy Imaging Examples: Light Microscopy Imaging

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Examples: Visual and Infrared Imaging Examples: Visual and Infrared Imaging

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Examples: Visual and Infrared Imaging Examples: Visual and Infrared Imaging

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Examples: Infrared Satellite Imaging Examples: Infrared Satellite Imaging

USA 1993USA 2003

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Examples: Infrared Satellite Imaging Examples: Infrared Satellite Imaging

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Examples: Automated Visual InspectionExamples: Automated Visual Inspection

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Examples: Automated Visual InspectionExamples: Automated Visual Inspection

The area in which the imaging system detected the plate

Results of automated reading of the plate content by the system

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Example of Radar ImageExample of Radar Image

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Examples: MRI (Radio Band)Examples: MRI (Radio Band)

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Examples: Ultrasound ImagingExamples: Ultrasound Imaging

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Fundamental Steps in DIPFundamental Steps in DIP

Result is more suitable than the original

Improving the appearance

Extracting image components

Partition an image into its constituent parts or objects

Represent image for computer processing

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Components of Image Processing Components of Image Processing

SystemSystem