GK 101 Lecture 3, Unit 1Indias Wars Post-Independence

Indo-China War 1962: Background Conflict basis was on border dispute in 2fronts Aksai-Chin (West) and Tawang (East)

Borders drawn up during British time Macartney-Macdonald line, McMahon line

India gives asylum to Dalai Lama India erects outposts across Chinese LoC India makes clear its support for Tibets causeduring and after 1959 uprising

Conflict basis was on border dispute in 2fronts Aksai-Chin (West) and Tawang (East)

Borders drawn up during British time Macartney-Macdonald line, McMahon line

India gives asylum to Dalai Lama India erects outposts across Chinese LoC India makes clear its support for Tibets causeduring and after 1959 uprising

Minimal Warning Signs Nehrus proclamations of British lines asofficial border not disputed by China

Burmese PM warns Nehru about Zhou Enlai After asylum, Mao gets Xinhua to producereports of Indian expansionists in Tibet

In 1959, 10 Indian soldiers killed Krushchevs support irks Mao, suspects all Zhou offers to withdraw from Arunachal inreturn for Aksai Chin

Nehrus proclamations of British lines asofficial border not disputed by China

Burmese PM warns Nehru about Zhou Enlai After asylum, Mao gets Xinhua to producereports of Indian expansionists in Tibet

In 1959, 10 Indian soldiers killed Krushchevs support irks Mao, suspects all Zhou offers to withdraw from Arunachal inreturn for Aksai Chin

Lead-up to the War Chinese prepare for war to:

Show their willingness to resist territory gain Humiliate Nehru and damage his prestige Expose Krushchevs duality in supporting India

Cuban Missile Crisis ensured US-USSR away Sympathy for India turns to suspicion of beingbred in the British ways of imperialism

Chinese prepare for war to: Show their willingness to resist territory gain Humiliate Nehru and damage his prestige Expose Krushchevs duality in supporting India

Cuban Missile Crisis ensured US-USSR away Sympathy for India turns to suspicion of beingbred in the British ways of imperialism

Events of the War - 1 Summer 1962: incidents continuously occur Probing action to gauge Chinese, test Sovietsupport, woo the US

Occupation of Thag La Chinese occupy seatsoverlooking Indian outposts Indian reaction slow, troops carrying 35kg packs Senior troops not convinced territory was Indian

3 October: Zhou Enlai promises no war 10 October: Sikh regiment patrol of 50surrounded by 3000, 25 casualties

Summer 1962: incidents continuously occur Probing action to gauge Chinese, test Sovietsupport, woo the US

Occupation of Thag La Chinese occupy seatsoverlooking Indian outposts Indian reaction slow, troops carrying 35kg packs Senior troops not convinced territory was Indian

3 October: Zhou Enlai promises no war 10 October: Sikh regiment patrol of 50surrounded by 3000, 25 casualties

Events of the War 2 20th October: China attacks Arunachal, 3regiments overcome 1 battalion, run to Bhutan

25th October: China takes Tawang 24th October: China takes Aksai Chin in West Zhou Enlai stops fighting to make new offer toNehru, Nehru refuses on 14th Nov, US backing

China reach Aksai Chin claim line on 28th Nov,reach Tezpur (Assam) in the east

20th October: China attacks Arunachal, 3regiments overcome 1 battalion, run to Bhutan

25th October: China takes Tawang 24th October: China takes Aksai Chin in West Zhou Enlai stops fighting to make new offer toNehru, Nehru refuses on 14th Nov, US backing

China reach Aksai Chin claim line on 28th Nov,reach Tezpur (Assam) in the east

Fallout of the War Unilateral ceasefire and withdrawal by China,boundaries re-drawn as per conquest

No use of navy or air-force, barely a war Pakistan gets cozy with China, renegotiates itsown disputed border

Indias focus on economic development,ignoring military, backfires

Indias intelligence failure, poor estimation ofmilitary might, exposed

Unilateral ceasefire and withdrawal by China,boundaries re-drawn as per conquest

No use of navy or air-force, barely a war Pakistan gets cozy with China, renegotiates itsown disputed border

Indias focus on economic development,ignoring military, backfires

Indias intelligence failure, poor estimation ofmilitary might, exposed

Questions - 1 Nathu La, Khardung La, Rezang La what is themeaning of La?

Mountain Pass Who was the founding father of the ChinesePeoples Republic, also called Chairman?

Mao Zedong Which Lata Mangeshkar song on the China warmoved Jawarharlal Nehru to tears?

Ae Mere Watan ke Logo

Nathu La, Khardung La, Rezang La what is themeaning of La?

Mountain Pass Who was the founding father of the ChinesePeoples Republic, also called Chairman?

Mao Zedong Which Lata Mangeshkar song on the China warmoved Jawarharlal Nehru to tears?

Ae Mere Watan ke Logo

1965 Pakistan War - Background Started with Pakistans attempted occupationof desert area in the Rann of Kutch

Conflict resolved in June 1965, Pakistanawarded 350 sq.km. instead of 3500

Pakistan turns eye to Kashmir, thinks war canbe started by some infiltrators

Operation Gibraltar, Pak President believedIndia could not withstand a lightning attack

Started with Pakistans attempted occupationof desert area in the Rann of Kutch

Conflict resolved in June 1965, Pakistanawarded 350 sq.km. instead of 3500

Pakistan turns eye to Kashmir, thinks war canbe started by some infiltrators

Operation Gibraltar, Pak President believedIndia could not withstand a lightning attack

Events of the War 1 30,000 Pakistani soldiers dressed as Kashmiricivilians cross into Kashmir

Sep 1: Pakistan launches Operation GrandSlam to capture Akhnoor in Jammu

India lets loose air force on superior tanks,begins attack on Punjab border

India in striking distance of Lahore airport, UScalls for temporary ceasefire

30,000 Pakistani soldiers dressed as Kashmiricivilians cross into Kashmir

Sep 1: Pakistan launches Operation GrandSlam to capture Akhnoor in Jammu

India lets loose air force on superior tanks,begins attack on Punjab border

India in striking distance of Lahore airport, UScalls for temporary ceasefire

Events of the War 2 Both India and Paks premier divisions sufferdefeats at Sialkot and Amritsar

Pak held 210 sq.km. of desert land, India held 790sq.km. of fertile land

IAF and PAF both lose 50+ aircraft, Pak loses 800more men than India

IAF deployed in the East to thwart China, attacknever came, leaving Pak alone

Pak holding of Khem Karan pushed back in Battleof Asal Uttar

Both India and Paks premier divisions sufferdefeats at Sialkot and Amritsar

Pak held 210 sq.km. of desert land, India held 790sq.km. of fertile land

IAF and PAF both lose 50+ aircraft, Pak loses 800more men than India

IAF deployed in the East to thwart China, attacknever came, leaving Pak alone

Pak holding of Khem Karan pushed back in Battleof Asal Uttar

Fallout of the War Neutral assessments state India won the war,but not decisively enough

US and USSR broker peace, LB Shastri signsTashkent agreement to withdraw forces

India miscalculated Pak presence in Sialkot,could have won if not miscalculated arms

Pak miscalculated Kashmiri dissatisfaction, wargame feedback was totally wrong

Neutral assessments state India won the war,but not decisively enough

US and USSR broker peace, LB Shastri signsTashkent agreement to withdraw forces

India miscalculated Pak presence in Sialkot,could have won if not miscalculated arms

Pak miscalculated Kashmiri dissatisfaction, wargame feedback was totally wrong

Fallout of the War 2 India regains lost prestige out of China loss Defeat led to arms race between India & Pak US neutrality convinced Pak to depend moreheavily on China thereafter

China advises Pak to not attack Kashmir for20-30 years, strengthen economy & military

Dissatisfaction in East Pakistan starts overobsession with Kashmir

India regains lost prestige out of China loss Defeat led to arms race between India & Pak US neutrality convinced Pak to depend moreheavily on China thereafter

China advises Pak to not attack Kashmir for20-30 years, strengthen economy & military

Dissatisfaction in East Pakistan starts overobsession with Kashmir

Questions 2 Who was the President of Pakistan during war? General Ayub Khan Which country does Tashkent belong to today? Uzbekistan Tanks named after which American General wereblown up in Khem Karan?

General George Patton area called Patton Nagar

Who was the President of Pakistan during war? General Ayub Khan Which country does Tashkent belong to today? Uzbekistan Tanks named after which American General wereblown up in Khem Karan?

General George Patton area called Patton Nagar

Assignments 3 of each department, different for eachassignment At least 1 with home computer access Departmental points to be accumulated Peer rating & teacher rating Language correctness worth only 20%

3 of each department, different for eachassignment At least 1 with home computer access Departmental points to be accumulated Peer rating & teacher rating Language correctness worth only 20%

Assignment Topics Sukumar Sen Mao Zedong Dalai Lama

GK 101 Lecture 3, Unit 1Indo-China War 1962: BackgroundMinimal Warning SignsLead-up to the WarEvents of the War - 1Events of the War 2Fallout of the WarQuestions - 11965 Pakistan War - BackgroundEvents of the War 1Events of the War 2Fallout of the WarFallout of the War 2Questions 2AssignmentsAssignment Topics