LECTURE 1

INRTRODUCTION TO

CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWING

Engr. Ali Raza Khalid Civil Engineering drawing

CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWING Credit Hours: 2+2= 4

COURSE OUTLINE

Introduction: Introduction to the subject and drawing equipment. Lettering and dimensioning, graphic symbols, free hand sketches and isometric views. Method of sections including assembly sections, Introduction to machine drawing.

Projections: Development of surfaces. Orthographic projection, orthogonal projections of simple solids in simple position, oblique and auxiliary planes. Isometric and pictorial projections of solid figures, making of free hand sketches from solid objects and from orthographic projections. Intersection of surfaces.

Architectural Drawing: Introduction to Civil Engineering drawing, preparation of plan, elevation and sections for simple buildings. Pattern of laying reinforcement in structural members, plumbing and electrification details.

LAB OUTLINE Preparation of various drawing sheets related to the course outline will be carried out.

Civil Engineering drawing

RECOMMENDED BOOKS: 1. N. D. Bhatt; Engineering Drawing, 50th Edition (2010), Charotar Book Stall

2. Horchsel R. P; Engineering Drawing and Geometry, John Willy & Sons, 2nd Edition, 2002.

3. Jensen C.H and Mason F. H. S “Drafting Fundamentals”, McGraw Hill, 5th Edition.

4. Parkinson, A. C. A First Year Engineering Drawing. English language Book Society. Reprint 1964.

Civil Engineering drawing

DRAWINGS Drawing (just like photography) is one of the basic forms of visual communication. Drawing is used to record objects and actions of everyday life in an easily recognizable manner. There are two major types of drawings: artistic drawings and technical drawings.

ARTISTIC DRAWINGS These are a form of freehand representation that makes use of pictures to provide a general impression of the object being drawn. There are no hard rules or standards in the preparation of artistic drawings. They are simply drawn by artists, based more or less on one’s talent and skills. Although these drawings are often very attractive, they find very limited use in the world of science.

TECHNICAL DRAWINGS These are detailed drawings drawn accurately and precisely. They are pictures that have been prepared with the aid of mathematical instruments in order to record and transmit technical information. They provide an exact and complete description of things that are to be built or manufactured. Technical drawings do not portray the objects the way they directly appear to the eye They make use of many specialized symbols and conventions in order to transmit technical

information clearly and exactly. To understand and correctly interpret technical drawings, one needs to acquaint oneself with the

fundamentals of technical drawing – hence the purpose of this course.

Civil Engineering drawing

CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWING

• A civil engineering drawing, or site drawing, is a type of technical drawing that shows information about grading, landscaping, or other site details.

• Civil drafters prepare drawings and topographical and contour maps used in major construction or civil engineering projects, such as highways, bridges, pipelines, flood control projects, and water and sewage systems.

• Drawings used in Construction industry Architectural drawing Structural drawing

Civil Engineering drawing

Drawings used in Construction industry

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING An architectural drawing or architect's drawing is a technical drawing of a building (or building project) that falls within the definition of architecture. Architectural drawings are used by architects and others for a number of purposes: to develop a design idea into a coherent proposal, to communicate ideas and concepts, to convince clients of the merits of a design, to enable abuilding contractor to construct it, as a record of the completed work, and to make a record of a building that already exists.

STRUCTURAL DRAWING A structural drawing, a type of Engineering drawing, is a plan or set of plans for how a building or other structure will be built. Structural drawings are generally prepared by structural engineers, and informed by architectural drawings. They are primarily concerned with the load-carrying members of a structure. They outline the size and types of materials to be used, as well as the general demands for connections. They do not address architectural details like surface finishes, partition walls, or mechanical systems. The structural drawings communicate the design of the building's structure to the building authority to review. They are also become part of the contract documents which guide contractors in detailing, fabricating, and installing parts of the structure.

Civil Engineering drawing

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING

Civil Engineering drawing

STRUCTURAL DRAWING

Civil Engineering drawing

Engineering drawings Sheets are made according to a set of conventions which include particular views (floor plan, front view, isometric views, sections etc.), sheet sizes, units of measurement and scales, annotation and cross referencing.

Civil Engineering drawing

DRAWING APPRATUS

• T square (i.e. “T” shape scale) • Set squares (30o – 60o drawing triangle and 45o

drawing triangle) • Protector (180o/360o) • Lead Pencils (3H,2H,H, HB,B,2B,3B) • Compass & Dividers • Scale Card Rullers • Drawing Sheets • French Curve • Scotch Tape

Civil Engineering drawing

T square, Set square, Protectors/D

Protector (180o/360o)

T Square

Set Square

Civil Engineering drawing

Lead Pencils

• The numbers and letters label how hard or soft the lead of a pencil is. The higher the number H, the harder the lead– which means the pencil will produce a lighter line. The higher the number, with the letter B, the softer the lead, thus producing a darker line. So, for example a 4H pencil will be much harder and draw lighter than a 2B.

• So you might be wondering what a standard #2 pencils is ? To an artist, it would be labeled an “HB”, which sits right in the middle of the range.

Civil Engineering drawing

Compass & Dividers

Compass Divider

Civil Engineering drawing

Scale Cards Rulers (6”/12”)

Civil Engineering drawing

French Curves

Civil Engineering drawing

Drawing Board

Civil Engineering drawing

ACTIVITY-1

Engr. Ali Raza Khalid Civil Engineering drawing

Drawing Free-Hand lines

Sketching straight lines

ACTIVITY-2

Engr. Ali Raza Khalid Civil Engineering drawing

Drawing Free-Hand lines

Sketching Circular lines

ACTIVITY-3 Drawing a cube using set squares

Draw two basic 30 degree guidelines, one to the left and one to the right, plus a vertical guideline in the Centre of the drawing. In this example three edges of the cube have been drawn over the guidelines (they are slightly darker)

Engr. Ali Raza Khalid Civil Engineering drawing

STEP 1

Draw guidelines to help you start constructing the left and right sides of the cube. Remember to use a 30 degree set square for the 'angled' lines.

Engr. Ali Raza Khalid Civil Engineering drawing

STEP 2

Complete the top of the cube by projecting lines with the 30 degree set square as shown below.

Engr. Ali Raza Khalid Civil Engineering drawing

STEP 3