Lecture 01

EECE 407 Microprocessor and Interfacing

Level – 4/Term – II30 June, 2013 – 01 December 2013

Course Teacher

Shuvro Chowdhury

Lecturer

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

http://teacher.buet.ac.bd/schowdhury

http://teacher.buet.ac.bd/schowdhury

About the Course

• 3 credits, 3 hours/week

• Scheduled class time

• Wednesday at 8.00 A.M. – 10.50 A.M.

• Class duration is 3 hours.

EECE 407 Microprocessor and Interfacing Shuvro Chowdhury, Lecturer, Dept. of EEE, BUET 2

Course Outline

Introduction to microprocessors.

Intel 8086 microprocessor: Architecture, addressing modes,

instruction sets, assembly language programming, system design

and interrupt.

Interfacing: Programmable peripheral interface, programmable

timer, serial communication interface, programmable interrupt

controller, direct memory access, keyboard and display interface.

Introduction to micro-controllers.


Marks Distribution


Category Total

marks

Percentage

(%)

Attendance 30 10

Class test

(best 3 will

be counted)

4 20 × 3 = 60 20

Term final

exam

1 210 70

Total 300 100

Grade Distribution


Marks (%) Grade Point Letter Grade

80 - 100 4.00 A+

75 - 79 3.75 A

70 - 74 3.50 A-

65 - 69 3.25 B+

60 - 64 3.00 B

55 - 59 2.75 B-

50 - 54 2.50 C+

45 - 49 2.25 C

40 - 44 2.00 D

< 40 0.00 F

Reference Books

Text Books:

1. Digital Computer Electronics –Albert P. Malvino and Jerald A. Brown (3rd Edition)

2. Assembly Language Programming and Organization of the IBM PC – Ytha Yu and

Charles Marut

3. Microprocessor and Interfacing Programming and Hardware – Douglas V. Hall

Reference Books:

1. Microprocessors and Microcomputer-Based System Design– Mohammed

Rafiquzzaman (2nd edition)

2. The Intel Microprocessors – Barry B. Brey (6th Edition)

3. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems – M. A. Mazidi, J. G. Mazidi, R.

D. McKinlay


For Further Contact

Shuvro ChowdhuryLecturerDepartment of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringBangladesh University of Engineering and TechnologyDhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

Room No.: 431 (Fourth Floor), ECE BuildingWest Palashi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Mobile: +880 1717 225412E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]


mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Components of a Computer System

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Basic Elements of a Computer System


Memory

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Control Unit

InputDevices

OutputDevices

Von Neumann Machine

• Data and instructions are stored in a single set of read‐write

memory

• Contents of memory are addressable by memory address, without

regard to the type of data contained

• Execution occurs in a sequential fashion, unless explicitly altered,

from one instruction to the other


Three key concepts

Computer System Components

• Memory

• Stores instructions and data

• Input/Output

• Called peripherals

• Used to input and output instructions and data

• Arithmetic and Logic Unit

• Performs arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction)

• Performs logical operations (AND, OR, XOR, SHIFT,ROTATE)


Computer System Components

• Control Unit

• Coordinates the operation of the computer

• System Interconnection and Interaction

• Bus — A group of lines used to transfer bits between the microprocessorand other components of the computer system. Bus is used to communicatebetween parts of the computer. There is only one transmitter at a time andonly the addressed device can respond.

• Types

• Address

• Data

• Control signals


Microprocessor

A silicon chip that contains a CPU. In the world of personal

computers, the terms microprocessor and CPU are used

interchangeably. At the heart of all personal computers and most

workstations sits a microprocessor. Microprocessors also control the

logic of almost all digital devices, from clock radios to fuel-

injection systems for automobiles.


Microprocessor

• is a semiconductor device consisting of electronic logic circuits

• manufactured by using various fabrication schemes

• capable of performing computing functions

• capable of transporting data/information

• is a programmable device

• the programmer selects instruction from the list and determines the sequence

of execution for a given task.

• can be divided into 3 segments:

• Arithmetic and Logic Unit

• Register Unit

• Control Unit


Differentiating Characters of Microprocessors

• Instruction set: The set of instructions that the microprocessor

can execute.

• Bandwidth : The number of bits processed in a single instruction.

• Clock speed : Given in megahertz (GHz), the clock speed

determines how many instructions per second the processor can

execute.


CPU Components

• Generates control signals which are necessary for execution of aninstruction.

• Connect registers to the bus.

• Controls the data flow between CPU and peripherals (includingmemory).

• Provides status, control & timing signals required for the operation ofmemory and I/O devices to the system.

• Acts as a brain of computer system

• All actions of the control unit are associated with the decoding andexecutions of instructions (fetch and execute cycles).


Control Unit

CPU Components

• Hold data, instructions, or other items

• Various sizes

• Program counter and memory address registers must be of same

size/width as address bus

• Registers which hold data must be of same size/width as memory

words


Registers

CPU Components

• Executes arithmetic and logical operations.

• Accumulator is a register associated with ALU.

• Source of one of the operands of an arithmetic or logical operation.

• serves as one input to ALU.

• Final result of an arithmetic or logical operation is placed in

accumulator.


Arithmetic Logic Unit

Arithmetic and Logic Unit

ALU performs the following arithmetic & logical operations:

• Addition

• Subtraction

• Logical AND

• Logical OR

• Logical EXCLUSIVE OR

• Complement(logical NOT)

• Increment (add 1)

• Decrement (subtract 1)

• Left shift, Rotate Left, Rotate right

• Clear etc.


Functions

Simple As Possible ComputerVersion 1(SAP - 1 )

SAP – 1

• Designed for the beginners.

• Main purpose is to introduce all the crucial ideas behind computer

operation avoiding too much details.

• There are three generations of SAP. SAP-1 is the first stage

towards the evolution of modern computers.

We shall try to cover SAP-1 and SAP-2 if time permits


Introduction

SAP – 1


Architecture

Program

Counter

Input and

MAR

16 x 8 RAM

Instruction

Register

Accumulator

Adder/

Subtractor

B

Register

Controller/

Sequencer

Output

Register

8

4

8

Binary

Display

4

8

4

12

8

8

CLKCLR

CPEP

LM

CLK

CE

LI

CLK

LACLKEA

SU

EU

LB

CLK

LO

CLK

CON = CPEPLMCELIEILAEASUEULBLO

CLR

CLKCLRCLKCLR

W BUS

8

4

4

4

EI

8

8

8

8

SAP – 1

• Bus organized architecture.

• All register outputs to the W-bus are three state which allows

orderly transfer of data.

• All other register outputs are two-state.


Architecture

SAP – 1 Architecture

• A part of control unit.

• 4-bit up counter, counts from 0000 to 1111.

• The program for the computer is stored at the beginning of the memory with thefirst instruction at binary address 0000.

• Its job is to send to the memory address of the next instruction to be fetched andexecuted.

• Program counter is reset to 0000 before each computer run.

• At the beginning it sends address 0000 to memory.

• Then the counter is incremented to 0001.

• When the first instruction is fetched and executed, it sends address 0001.

• And the process continues.


Program Counter


• Contains address and data switch registers.

• Address and data switch registers are part of input unit.

• These registers allow programmer to send 4 bit address and 8 bit data bits to

RAM.

• MAR (Memory Address Register) is a part of memory unit.

• During a computer the addresses of program counter are latched into it.

• These latched addresses are fed to RAM when a read operation is

performed.


Input ad MAR


• Part of memory unit.

• 16 byte static TTL RAM.

• Can be programmed by means of address and data switches.

• Receives address from MAR and places the stored content of on

the W bus.


RAM (Random Access Memory)


• Part of control unit.

• To fetch an instruction from the memory the computer does a memoryread operation.

• This places the contents of the addressed memory location on to Wbus.

• At the same time the IR is set up for load on the next positive clockedge.

• The contents of IR are divided into two nibbles.

• The upper nibble is two state and goes to controller/sequence.

• The lower nibble is three state output that is read onto the W bus whenneeded.


Instruction Register


• Brain of the control unit.

• Before each computer run, C/S sends clear signal to reset program

counter and IR.

• Sends clock signal to all buffer registers to synchronize the

operation of the computer.

• The output of C/S is a 12 bit word known as Control Word

(CON) contains signals those controls the rest of the computer.

• These 12 bit signal constitutes what is called control bus.


Controller/Sequencer

EEE 307, Level-3/Term-I February 2013 Shuvro Chowdhury, Lecturer, Dept. of EEE, BUET 45

Thank you all for your patience.

Documents

Lecture 01