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Lecture No.31

Mulberry pests and diseases management

PESTS OF MULBERRY

Sl.

No.Common Name Scientific Name Family Order

1 Pink mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus Pseudococcidae Hemiptera2 Jassid/leaf hopper Empoasca flavescens Cicadellidae Hemiptera3 Black Scale Saissetia nigra Coccidae Hemiptera !ed Scale Aonidiella auranti Coccidae Hemiptera" Spiralling #hitefly Aleurodicus dispersus $leyrodidae Hemiptera% &hrips Pseudodendrothrips mori &hripidae &hysanoptera' &obacco leaf caterpillar Spodoptera litura (octuidae )epidoptera* +oringa hairy

caterpillar

Eupterote mollifera ,upterotidae )epidoptera

- &ussock caterpillar Euproctis fraterna )ymantriidae )epidoptera1. Bro#n hairy caterpillar Porthesia scintillans )ymantriidae )epidoptera11 +ulberry leaf #ebber Diaphania pulverulentalis Pyralidae )epidoptera12 $sh #ee0il Myllocerus spp

M. subfasciatusM. viridanus

M. discolor

Curculionidae Coleoptera

13 rasshopper Cyrtacanthacris tatarica

Neorthacris acuticeps

nilgriensis

$crididae rthoptera

1 Stem girdler beetle Sthenias grisator Cerambycidae Coleoptera1" +ango stemborer Batocera rufomaculata Cerambycidae Coleoptera1% Bark eating caterpillar ndarbela !uadrinotata +etarbelidae )epidoptera1' &ermite "dontotermes sp. &ermitidae soptera1* 4hite grub #olotrichia spp5 +elolonthidae Coleoptera1- +ite $etranychus sp5 &etranychidae $carina

I. Sucking pests

15Pink mealy bug6Maconellicoccus hirsutus 76Pseudococcidae 6Hemiptera

Diagnostic symptoms

+alformation of apical shoots8 retarded gro#th5

4rinkling and curling of affected lea0es become dark green in colour5

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Symptoms are collecti0ely called as Tukra (Busy top!.

Nature o" damage#

(ymphs and adults suck the sap from tender lea0es and buds by piercing the plant

tissue5 &he infestation occurs in the nodal 9oints and succulent apical region5

(utriti0e 0alue of lea0es8 leaf yield and plant height are drastically reduced5

&he affected lea0es #hen fed to silk#orm cause a significant reduction in lar0al

#eight8 cocoon #eight$ shell #eight and shell ratio5

Biology

&he mealy bug lays eggs :;2". no< in a loose cottony terminal o0isac5 7reshly

laid eggs are orange in colour8 smooth a smooth and o0al #ith slightly tapering ends5

,ggs turn pink before they hatch5 +ealy bug completes its life cycle in 23 = 2- days5

,gg6 " = % days> (ymph6 2 =3 months5

Management

?estroy the affected parts

!elease $ustralian lady bird beetle Cryptolaemus montrou%ieri @ 1". (o5/ ha5

!elease Scymnus coccivora @ 1... beetles / ha

7ollo# seAuential release of predators5

Spray ??P :1l/ha< or 7!S 2" mg/l5 safe period 6 1' days5%. Lea" opper & 'assids #Empoasca flavescens :7< 76 Cicadellidae 6 Hemiptera

Diagnostic symptoms

&riangular dark bro#n spot at the tips and margin of lea0es5 ?rying starts from

periphery to midrib of lea0es5 7inally lea0es become cup shaped and leathery5

Hopper burn symptoms on the lea0es5

Nature o" damage

(ymphs and adults suck the sap from lo#er side of the lea0es and deplete

nutriti0e 0alue of lea0es5 $lso8 suck the sap from tender shoots and t#igs causing

characteristic hopper burn symptoms5

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Biology#

7emale lays pale yello# coloured elongated eggs in the epidermis on the under

surface of leaf blade5 (ymphs are pale green colour8 elongated5

gg # = - days> Nymps # instars5

Management

Setting up of light traps for attacking and trapping adults5

Spraying of ??P :?ichloro0os< '% .5." or dithioate .515

Safe period = 11 days5

3. Black scale # Saissetia nigra 76Coccidae 6 Hemiptera

Diagnostic symptoms

t occurs on the stem8 branches and also as small scales on the bark8

enerally obser0ed in hilly regions on medium siDed trees5

Nature o" damage

(ymphs and adults suck the sap and kill the plants

&he surface of the stem is co0ered all o0er #ith scales5

Biology

$dult female of S. nigra lays about 3.. =%.. eggs = minute #hite elongated5 t

secretes a fibrous #aEy material #hich hardens to form the scale5 F moults three t#ice G

moults t#ice5 &hey lose appendages in reproduction5 Partenogeneticreproduction5

b. )ed scale #Aonidiella auranti 76Coccidae 6 Hemiptera

(ymphs and adults attack t#igs branches and stems causing a loss of 0itality5 t

does not attack the older plants5 n case of hea0y infestation8 lea0es turn yello# and

finally the plant #hile plant dries up5 Plants shoots are co0ered #ith reddish bro#n scales

#ith dark patches of sooty mould gro#ing on honey decoration5

Management o" scale insects

Prune and destroy the affected branches5 +echanical remo0al of insects in the initial stages of infestation5

$pply 7ish il !esin Soap :7P!S< @ . g / l in branches> add #etting agents for

better adherence on the scales8 spraying of .5." malathion

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n endemic areas smear #ith insecticidal solutions8 9ust after pruning or #ith

diesel oil and soap solution :163 lime s#eeping of stems> scraping of the scale

!elease of Cryptolaemus montrou%ieri @ '". (o5 / ha5

!elease Chilochorus &u'anae against the red scales

**. +oliage "eeders

1. Lea" ,ebber$Diaphania pulverulentalis 76Pyraustidae 6 )epidoptera

-ymptoms

4ebbing of lea0es and tender shoots

SkeletoniDation6 &he lar0ae #eb the lea0es together and feed from inside on soft

tissues and skeletoniDe them5

ro#n up caterpillars feed 0oraciously on tender lea0es5

$pical lea0es are preferred for feeding resulting in stunting5

$pical shoots are destroyed due to egg laying5

uality of leaf and yield is se0erely affected5

Biology

,gg 6 F moth lays 1.... eggs5 ,ggs are laid one each along the leaf 0ein on the under

side of mulberry leaf5 )ar0ae6 " instars5 )ife cycle 6 1* = 2" days5 $dult 6 Pale bro#n

spots on yello# back ground of #ings5

Management

Collection and destruction of affected shoots along #ith the lar0ae5

Setting up of light traps to attract the adult moths

7ollo# the &($I = P+ package5

i( 7looding of mulberry field to eEpose the leaf #ebber pupae5

ii( !elease of pupal parasitoid $etrastichus ho'ardi @ ".8... / ha : 1 day

after pruning