LECTIA 23 - Conjunctiile. Big Brother

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    LECTIA 23

    CONJUNCTIILE

    Conjunctiile sau cuvintele de legatura se folosesc pentru a lega propozitii Aceasta lectiese ocupa de perec!i de cuvinte de legatura care ar putea provoca anu"ite confuzii pentru

    cei care studiaza engleza #entru si"plificare$ conjunctiile care ur"eaza au fost grupate

    in categorii

    A Conjunctii de ti"p

    % as, when, whilese folosesc cu referire la o actiune care se petrece in acelasi ti"p

    cu o alta&AsI 'as loo(ing out of t!e 'indo'$ I sa' !i" arriving

    When") alar" cloc( rings at * o+cloc( I get up

    While)ou 'ere out s!opping$ Jonat!an rang

    2 after, as soon as, before, whense folosesc cu referire la o actiune care se petrece

    i"ediat dupa o alta&

    AfterI left universit)$ I 'ent to 'or( a,roadAs soon as I !eard !i" spea( on T-$ I c!anged t!e c!annel

    T!e client put t!e p!one do'n beforeI could give an e.planation

    WhenI finis!ed t)ping t!ose letters$ I posted t!e"

    3 until/tillse refera la durata de ti"p a unei situatii&

    I can+t go out until") "ot!er co"es ,ac(I can+t c!ange ") car tillI !ave finis!ed pa)ing for it

    NOTA&Justpoate fi folosit in fata acestor conjunctii pentru a su,linia apropierea in ti"pa celor doua actiuni

    Just as!e noticed !e 'as ,eing 'atc!ed$ !e ran off

    / Conjunctii contrastive% although, even though, though se folosesc cu referire la afir"atii opuse sau

    contrastante$ inaintea su,iectului sau ver,ului&

    Although!e is a good 'riter$ !e !as never pu,lis!ed a ,oo(Even though t!ere+s a speed li"it$ !e al'a)s e.ceeds it

    Though0att studied !ard$ !e didn+t "anage to pass t!e e.a"

    NOTA& Thougheste o alternative "ai putin for"ala pentru althoughsi even though$ inengleza vor,ita apare de o,icei la sfarsitul propozitiei

    0att studied !ard 1e didn+t "anage to pass t!e e.a" though

    2 in spite of sau despitese folosesc cu referire la afir"atii opuse au contrastante$ in

    fata unui su,stantiv$ pronu"e sau gerunziu&

    In spite of t!e traffic$ !e still "anaged to get t!ere in ti"eDespite!er poor e)esig!t$ s!e continued driving

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    NOTA&In spite of si despitepot fi folosite si cu the fact that

    In spite ofthe fact that!e 'as ,us)$ !e too( ti"e off 'or(

    Despite the fact that!e !ad no past offences$ !e 'as found guilt)

    3 while, whereasse folosesc cu referire la constrastul dintre doua afir"atii&

    /rian eats a lot$ while1enr) !ardl) eats at all0) old car 'as ver) slo'$ whereas") ne' one is "uc! faster

    howeverse foloseste cu referire la contradictia dintre doua propozitii&T!e secret agent 'as told to ,e at t!e "eeting point at 4 o+cloc( s!arp

    However$ '!en !e arrived$ !is contact 'asn+t t!ere

    C Conjunctii de cauza si efect% because, because of, as, sincese folosesc cu referire la "otivele pentru a face o

    actiune&

    T!e ,a,) cried becauseit 'as !ungr)

    5ad is not going to 'or( toda) because of t!e stri(eAsit+s raining$ )ou+d ,etter ta(e an u",rella

    Sincet!e president is a,road$ t!e vicepresident 'ill ta(e !is place toda)at t!e presentation

    NOTA& Because, because of, as, since au acelasi sens dar folosesc constructiidiferite

    Because6 se foloseste inainte de su,iect si ver,

    Because of6 se foloseste inainte de su,stantiv

    Assi since6 se folosesc a"andoua la inceputul propozitiei

    2 so, thereforese refera la rezultatul unei actiuni&Joe !as e.a"s all ne.t 'ee($so!e can+t go out in t!e eveningsT!e 0a)or !as to attend an urgent "eeting Therefore!e+ll !ave to cancel

    t!e lunc! engage"ent

    E7E8CITII

    % Alegeti conjunctiile de ti"p corecte in propozitiile de "ai jos

    % As / UntilI opened t!e door$ s!e rus!ed to (iss "e

    2 I p!oned t!e police as soon as/beforeI !eard t!e alar"

    3 As / TillI 'as s!outing for 9eorge$ !e 'al(ed t!roug! t!e door I 'ent to t!e s!ops while / whenI finis!ed ") ,oo(

    : When / Whilet!e ,a,) cries$ give !i" !is "il(

    4 ;!e 'on+t ,elieve it< after / untils!e !as seen it 'it! !er o'n e)es* 5o )ou need an)t!ing after / beforeI go=

    > ?ou 'on+t forget to feed t!e cat as soon as / whileI+" on !olida)$ 'ill )ou=

    @ T!e #ri"e 0inister 'ill sta) in office before / until!e is voted out% 0) fat!er 'or(ed in factor) when / till!e retired

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    2 Alegeti conjunctiile contrastive potrivite in propozitiile de "ai jos

    % 0) daug!ter is Buiet$ whereas / though") son is nois)2 Although / Despite!e tried !ard$ !e didn+t pass !is driving test

    3 I did ever)t!ing ") ,oss as(ed "e to do Even though / However!e still didn+t

    give "e a pro"otion In spite of / Even thought!e ,ad 'eat!er$ !e still 'ent out for !is dail) 'al(

    : 1arr) visited t!e doctor although / whereasit 'asn+t necessar)

    4 T!e for"er 1ead"aster 'as strict$ while / in spiteof t!e ne' one is "ore lenient* Despite / Thought!e fact t!at s!e 'as a fa"ous actress$ no one recognised !er in

    t!e streets

    > T!e old 'o"an ne.tdoor is reputed to ,e unfriendl) While / However$ s!e

    al'a)s sends us a C!rist"as card@ ;a" 'ent s'i""ing in t!e river$ despite / althought!e danger 'arnings

    % Although / In spiteof t!e factor) 'or(ers t!reatened to stri(e$ t!e co"pan) still

    introduced t!eir ne' polic)

    3 Alegeti conjunctiile de cauza si efect potrivite in propozitiile de "ai jos

    % I didn+t "arr) 1elen because / because ofs!e 'as alread) "arried

    2 I too( a pain(illing ta,let because of / asI !ad a !eadac!e

    3 Since / SoI couldn+t afford to ,u) a ne' car$ I ,oug!t a second!and one T!e 9overn"ent couldn+t raise -AT Therefore / Ast!e) raised interest rates

    : T!e doctor 'asn+t a,le to reac! t!e patient in ti"e because / because of!e 'as

    !eld up in traffic

    4 So / AsI+ve !urt ") el,o'$ I+" afraid I 'on+t ,e a,le to pla) ,as(et,all tonig!t* 0aria! said s!e 'as on a diet$so / sinces!e can+t eat t!ose potatoes

    > T!e victi"+s defense 'as 'ea( Therefore / ecausejudge found !i" guilt)@ ecause of / Sinceall t!e seats on t!e front ro' 'ere ta(en$ 'e decided to sit int!e stalls

    % 0rs 1ug!es 'as getting too old to drive$ as / sos!e decided to !ire a c!auffeur

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    Europe and t!e U;A

    T!e populations of 1ungar) and t!e Czec! 8epu,lic are about the sa!e si"e as t!epopulation of t!e state of O!io O!io is !uch bigger It covers an area of %4$ sBuare

    (ilo"eters$ co"pared 'it! 1ungar) @3$ sBuare (ilo"etersD and t!e Czec! 8epu,lic

    *>$> sBuare (ilo"etersD

    1ungar) is fa!ous forits spas and for La(e /alaton$ t!e largest la(e in Europe T!e

    Czec! 8epu,lic is fa"ous for its castles T!e capital cities$ /udapest and #rague$ are,ot!$ are ,ot! ,eautiful and attract "illions of foreign visitors ever) )ear /udapest is

    situatedon t!e 8iver 5anu,e$ and #rague is situated on t!e 8iver -ltava T!ere are

    elegant ,ridges crossing ,ot! rivers$ and t!ere are spectacular vie's of t!e cities fro"

    t!e"

    T!e capital of O!io is Colu",us$ ,ut t!e ,iggest cit) is Cleveland population& 4:$D

    Cleveland is situated on t!e ,an(s of La(e Erie$ one of t!e ,iggest la(es in Nort!

    A"erica A lot of tourists go to O!io because oft!e A"ericanD oot,all 1all of a"e inCanton and t!e 8oc( and 8oll 1all of a"e in Cleveland

    : ;crieti cateva propozitii despre tara voastra folosind e.presiile in italice din te.t

    E.e"plu& 0) countr) isfa!ous forits "ountains$ la(es and 'ine

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    A#LICATII

    /I9 /8OT1E8

    %George Orwell 1984

    It 'as a ,rig!t cold da) in April$ and t!e cloc(s 'ere stri(ing t!irteen Finston ;"it!$

    !is c!in nuzzled into !is ,reast in an effort to escape t!e vile 'ind$ slipped Buic(l)

    t!roug! t!e glass doors of -ictor) 0ansions$ t!oug! not Buic(l) enoug! to prevent as'irl of gritt) dust fro" entering along 'it! !i"

    T!e !all s"elt of ,oiled ca,,age and old rag "ats At one end of it$ a colored poster$ too

    large for indoor displa)$ !ad ,een tac(ed to t!e 'all It depicted si"pl) an enor"ous

    face$ "ore t!an a "eter 'ide& t!e face of a "an a,out fort)five$ 'it! a !eav) ,lac("oustac!e and ruggedl) !andso"e features

    Finston "ade for t!e stairs on eac! landing$ opposite t!e lifts!aft$ t!e poster 'it! t!e

    enor"ous face gazed fro" t!e 'all < /I9 /8OT1E8 I; FATC1IN9 ?OU$ t!e

    caption ,eneat! it ran

    #If freedo! !eans an$thing at all% it !eans the right to tell people what the$ do not wantto hear&'

    9eorge Or'ell

    2 1ave )ou !eard of Or'ell+s ,oo($ ()*+= F!at do )ou (no' a,out it=

    3 F!at do )ou t!in( a,out t!e T- s!o' 6 /ig /rot!er= F!at is )our opinion a,out it=

    F!at is actuall) /ig /rot!er=

    : 5oes /ig /rot!er appl) to t!e societ) 'e live in= If )es$ !o'=