lect3_2015

7/17/2019 lect3_2015

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3. lecture Technical informatics

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Previous lecture

• Computer hardware

• Data input/output devices• Computer networks

• Internet

• Cloud computing

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Today

• Operating systems – istory

– !unctions

– !iles " #le systems – $ersions

• Infocommunication –

%asics – &o'ile communication

– Ca'le communication

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(hy )operating)*

• Operating system +O,-

• Operation

• Platform system

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Operating systems

• ardware all the e0uipment thatena'le the work of the computer

• ,oftware all of things which make( work – %ase software +%IO, !irmware- – ,ystem software

– 1pplications• Operating system +O,-

– software that manages the sharing ofthe resources of a computer

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Development of operatingsystems I.

• Time periods with uni0ue pro'lems

• 2o operating system – Operator/programmer

• %atch procedure – Programmer operator procedure list

– Pro'lematic data storage

– Pro'lems of de'ugging

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Development of operatingsystems II.

• &onitor – 1utomatically loads the ne4t task

– Operator manages the peripheries• &ultiprogramming

– ,cheduling

– 5andom access storage• 2ew task storage management

– 1im e6cient CP7 usage

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Development of operatingsystems III.

• Time8sharing – Direct interactive communication 'etween user

and software/operating system

– 7sers on terminals – &IT9%ell9:; development &7<TIC,

• PC +user8computer structure-

• 5ecent challenges – (orldwide network

– &o'ile platforms

– Cloud computing

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O, tasks

• controlling and allocating memory

• prioriti=ing system re0uests

• controlling input and output devices• supporting networking and managing

#le systems

• ensures the e6cient and secureoperation of the hardware andsoftware components

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O, and its environment

Hardware

Operating

system ApplicationUser pl. GUI pl. API

pl. driver

P

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Processesand threads

• Process – 1 program undere4ecution

• Thread – Programparts using

common memory withina process

• &ultitaskingmulti/hyperthreading – &ultiple processes on

multiple threads

– 7sing multiple CP7s/CP7cores

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7ser interfaces

• Command line menu8driven graphic+:7I-

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!iles

• Programs e4ecuta'le codes+applications-

• Documents information collection

• Container +directory folder-

• 5ights

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!ile systems

• organi=ing disk sectors into #les anddirectories

• associate #le names with #les• storing and organi=ing computer #les

– ,toring organi=ing managing data

– !ile8si=e 2um'er of #les ma4. diskspace access authori=ation

• !1T>?/3@ 2T!, ;AT@/3/B A!, !,

CD!,

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Computer operatingsystems

• DO, &, D5

• &acO,

• 72IA – P87IA 1IA ,unO, ,olaris

• (indows – 3.4 2T 4 @EEE AP $ista F G

• <inu4 – 5edat De'ian ,u,e Caldera

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O, statistics

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DO,

• Disc Operating ,ystem – H%irth) >GE +I%&- >G> +&,-

– Own #le8system !1T

– !ile8names G.3

– Drives C D 1

– Con#g.sys autoe4ec.'at

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,ome DO, commands

• Clear screen cls• <ist #les dir• Change directory cd ..• !ile copy copy setup.e4e a• !ile erase del proJect.dat•

Kokers L *• 5edirections prog.e4e M list.t4t• Piping type list.t4t N sort

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72IA

• %eginning >? +1T9T %ell <a'-

en Thomson 9 Dennis 5itchieQ

• 1ssem'ly later C

• ernel tools

• %asically alphanumeric 'ut :7I +A8(indow- can 'e used

• H$ariations) – 72IA8versions

– ,hells +sh 'sh csh ksh 'ash tcsh =sh-

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,ome 72IA commands

• !ile list ls ls 8la ll

• Change directory cd Rhome/gps

• !ile copy cp ./proJect.dat ../

• !ile erase rm #le.t4t

• Change rights Hchmod +ugoa- +8S- +rw4-name)

• Kokers L *• 5edirection run#le M list.t4t

• Piping type list.t4t N sort

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(indows

• In the 'eginning under DO, pl. (indows3.E

• ,tand8alone O, (indows 2T

• $ariations 3.> G 2T3.> 2TB.E@EEE &; AP $ista F G

• %asically graphic interface

• !ile management ;4plorer• !ile system !1T3@ 2T!,

• 5egistry

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(indows features

• :raphic interface icon menu windows

• ,erver/workstation versions

• &ulti tasking

• &ulti user

• 3@/?B 'it versions

– ,(/driver re0uirements – !ile operation speed

– &anaging memory a'ove 3:%

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Open source software

• Open source

• ,ource code is open availa'le for furtherdevelopment

– Continuous testing +error #4ing- – 7p8to8date

– ,ecure

– !ree

• ,upport*

• Draw'acks*

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<inu4

• <inus Torvalds >>

• (ritten in C

• 72IA8similarity• &any +MBE- distri'utions

• !ree +open- source code

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<inu48commandscustomi=ing

• 72IA similarity

• ,hell

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<inu48environment

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7sing many O,s

• &any computers

• One computer many partitions

• One computer emulator or virtualmachine – $irtual machine e.g.$&ware

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,pecial O,s

• ,ervers mainframessupercomputers

• PD1 P21

• &o'ile phones

• Ta'lets

• ;m'edded systems• ,pecialities +e.g. alarm systems

game consols-

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,ervers mainframessupercomputers

• ,ervers – 7ni4 7ni48'ased M?EU

– (indows VBEU

• &ainframe computers – ,pecial e.g. I%& =/O,

– 7ni4 <inu4

• ,upercomputers – <inu4 W@U 7ni4 WU (indows W>U

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PD1

• PalmO, (indows C; (indows&o'ile

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&o'il phones +smartphones-

• 1ndroid

• (indows Phone

•iO,• %lac'erry %ada ,ym'ian

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&o'ile O, statistics

20112010

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1ndroid

• <inu4 'ased

• :oogle

• 1ndroid&arket

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iO,

• 1pple

• iPhone iPad iPod touch

• ome 'utton " multitasking• 1ppstore

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(indows Phone

• &icrosoft

• Closed systems

• &, applications – skydrive O6ce %ing

• Other applications

– !ace'ook :oogle• Primarily on 2okia phones

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Data transmission 8 mo'ileO,

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networks

+assan Charaf " ;kler PXter %&;

17T-Y 3 'illion phones worldwide half ofthem are smart phones

Y more than F 'illion mo'ile su'scriptions

Y #rst te4t message >@. 2ow F 'illionte4t messages in a day

Y @EEF >@ 'illion :oogle search in a

day @E>@ @ 'illionY (e are living in e4ponential time[

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&o'ile application and servicestatistics

\ iPhone Android Blackberry Windows

Application downloads

@F EEE EEEEEE

@ EEE EEEEEE

@ BEE EEEEEE

B >EE EEEEEE

Rate of users that buyapps for max. $1 BU ?@U ?3U GUAv number of appsdownloaded to phones GG ?G B F!umber of apps in store E EEE GE EEE >3E EEE @@E EEE

"otal income in #1%

R?BEEEEEEEE

R>@EEEEEEEE

REEEEEEE

REEEEEEE

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Ta'let

• iPad :ala4y Ta' indle !ire etc.

netmarets!are.com

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;m'edded systems

• (indows ;m'edded +C; or AP-• <inu4 +(5T-

• !ree21,

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Info8communication

• %andwidth +de#nition- ma4imal data amountto 'e transferred through the channel

1.,.Tannen'aum• Transfer speed +'aud rate- 'it/s +'/s-

kilo'it/s +k'/s- mega'it/s +&'/s-

"!annel#ender $eceiver

%oise

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Traditional and moderncommunication tools

• Telegraph• Tele4• Telephone

• 5adio• !a4

• &odem• <eased line• Optical ca'le

• :,&• I,D2• 1D,<• :P5,• ;D:;• 7&T,• ,DP1

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Transfer speeds

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&o'ile communication

• 1nalogue cellular system – !re0uency 'etween >E Xs BE &=

• Digital cellular system – EE >GEE and >EE &=

• 1ccelerationsf1

f2

f3

f2 f2

f1

f1

f3

f1

f3

f3

f1

f2

f2

Ci il i i

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Civil engineeringapplications

• Positioning – Cell8'ased

– andover mapping

– !urther potential• 1naly=ing mo'ility patterns

– umans

– $ehicles – Commercial applications

• <%,

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&o'ile penetration ;7

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!ast mo'ile systems

• :,& 8 :lo'al ,ystem for &o'ilecommunication

• :P5, " :eneral Packet 5adio ,ervice

• ;D:; " ;nhanced Data rates for :,&;volution

• 7&T, " 7niversal &o'ile

Telecommunication ,ystem• ,DP1 " igh ,peed Downlink Packet

1ccess

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&o'ile generations +hvg-

&eneration

'ystem "ime Bandwidth

>: 2&T >E8@EE3 1nalogue

@: :,& >B8 >B k'it/sec@.: :P5, @EE>8 G k'it/sec

@.F: ;D:; @EE38 @3? k'it/sec

3: 7&T, @EE8 3GB k'it/sec

3.83.F: ,DP1 ,7P1 @EE?8 >B/.F? &'it/sec

3.G: ,P1,P1&C

@E>E8 @G/>> &'it/sec

3.: <T; @EE? +trial- 3EE &'it/sec

B: <T;81dvanced * > :'it/ec

D l d d d d

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Download speed dependson

• ardware antenna

• Distance from 'ase station

•2um'er of users in the same station• Traveling speed

• ,oftware

• • +test-

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!ast ca'le systems I.

• I,D2 " Integrated ,ervice Digital 2etwork – 2arrow'and – %road'and

• Download/7pload >@G k'/s

• 1D,< " 1ssymmetric Digital ,u'scri'er<ine – Download >@8@EEE k'/s +ma4 GE? k'/s- – 7pload >@ k'/s

• 1D,<@ – Download/7pload >@/@B &'/s] > &'it/s – 5ange limitations

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!ast ca'le systems II.

• ,D,<• $D,<

– 7p to >EE &'it/s

– !aster than 1D,<@ (ithin >. km

• $D,<@ – 7p to @E &'it/s

• <eased line

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(i!i 8 (i&a4

• (i!i – I;;; standard +GE@.>>- – >>8B &'it/s – GE@.>>n 3EE &'it/s – (;P (P1 (P1@ – >E8>EEm range

• (i&a4 +GE@.>?-

– Di^erent identi#cation +compared to (i!i- – Theoretical 'andwidth FE &'it/s / >EEkm

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1pplications

• $oice and fa4 over the Internet – ,IP " ,ession Initation Protocol

– $oIP " $oice over Internet Protocol

– !oIP " !a4 over Internet Protocol• ,kype &,2 (engo $i'er

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Control 0uestions

>. (hat are the main tasks of operatingsystems*

@. (hat are the advantages of <inu4*

3. (hat are #le systems responsi'le for*B. (hat is 3: info8communication*

. (hat 'road'and wireless systems do you

know*?. (hat info8communication solutions would you

used in your small civil engineering company*

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Thanks for your attention[