MIDTERM PERIOD

STATE AND THE SOCIETY

THE PHILIPPINES

COUNTRY PROFILE

COUNTRY NAME:

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES NATIONALITY : FILIPINO LOCATION – SOUTHEAST ASIA ARCHIPELAGO

BETWEEN THE PHILIPPINE SEA AND THE WEST PHILIPPINE SEA, EAST OF VIETNAM

GOVERNMENT TYPE : REPUBLIC CAPITAL CITY : MANILA

3 BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT

EXECUTIVE BRANCH

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

JUDICIAL BRANCH

COUNTRY PROFILE

POPULATION – 86,241,697

ETHNIC GROUPS: CHRISTIAN MALAYS – 91.5 % MUSLIM MALAYS - 4% CHINESE - 1.5 % OTHERS - 3 %

2 OFFICIAL LANGUAGES:

PILIPINO ENGLISH

- 8 MAJOR DIALECTS

CURRENCY : PHILIPPINE PESO

Religions

ROMAN CATHOLIC - 83%PROTESTANT - 9%MUSLIM - 5%BUDDHIST &

Others - 3%

THE PHILIPPINE BUREAUCRACY A COUNTRY REPORT

TOPIC OUTLINE:

CORRUPTION DEFINED CAUSES OF CORRUPTION THE PHILIPPINE BUREAUCRACY THE OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN CONCLUDING STATEMENT

CORRUPTION:

The use and abuse of public power for private and personal interests and purposes.

Engenders wrong choices and encourages competition in bribery rather than competition in quality.

Wastes public resources affecting the delivery of public services

CAUSES OF CORRUPTION:

ECONOMIC ASPECT

CULTURAL ASPECT

HISTORICAL ASPECT

THE BUREACRATIC SYSTEM

Economic Aspect

POVERTY

– INSUFFICIENT SALARY OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES

– CORRUPTION IS RESORTED TO AUGMENT THE MEAGER COMPENSATION (i.e. under the table transactions)

Cultural aspect

UTANG NA LOOB

PAKIKISAMA

FAMILISM

MAPAGBIGAY (GIFT-GIVING)

Historical Aspect

Corruption was allegedly introduced in the Philippines during the Spanish Colonial period

1946 – post war reparations 1950- foreign currency corruption 1960 – smuggling 1970-1980 - Cronyism 1990 – land scams

THE PHILIPPINE BUREAUCRACY

Privatization Streamlining Cutting of Red Tape (official procedures) Reassessment of Bureaucratic

Requirements Job Rotation

THE OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN

Former Oversight bodies:

1950 – Integrity Board (President Quirino) 1957 – Presidential Complaints and Action

Commission (President Magsaysay) 1958 – Presidential Committee on

Administration Performance Efficiency (President Garcia)

1961 – Presidential Anti-Graft Committee (President Macapagal)

1966 – Presidential Agency on Refoms and Government Reparation (Pres. Marcos)

1973 – Office of the Tanodbayan (P.D. 1487) 1987 - Office of the Ombudsman (1987

Constitution 2000 – Presidential Anti Graft Commission

(President Arroyo)

Roles of the Office of the Ombudsman

MOBILIZER

WATCHDOG

OFFICIAL CRITIC

DISPENSER OF JUSTICE

NATIONAL ANTI- CORRUPTION STRATEGY

PUNITIVE APPROACH

- REACTIVE METHOD OF COMBATING CORRUPTION

- AGGRESSIVE INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION OF WRONGDOERS

- CONDUCT OF ADMINISTRATVE PROCEEDINGS

THE PREVENTIVE APPROACH

A) AGGRESSIVE AND UNCOMPROMISING INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION

B) EFFICIENT AND RESPONSIVE PUBLIC ASSISTANCE PROGRAM

C) INTENSIVE GRAFTWATCH OVER THE BUREAUCRACY

D) PEOPLE EMPOWERMENT

E) TRANSFORMATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL PSYCHE THROUGH EDUCATION AND VALUES ORIENTATION SEMINARS

F) LINKAGES WITH OTHER GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS AND INTERNATIONAL CORRUPTION FIGHTERS

D) SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES IMPROVEMENT

“ . . . the greatest obstacle we as a nation must overcome is inside

us. The enemy to beat is ourselves”. .

Pres. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

THANK YOU. . . . .

/erikchoi