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Lec 31, Handout: Public passenger transport (objectives)
Be familiar with mass transit classifications and characteristics
Know how urban transport demands are classified
Know typical bus route network types
What we discuss in class today…
Mass transit classifications Transit system operations, service and
characteristics Urban transport demand classifications Transit service network types Video: The extensive bus transit system in
Curitiba, Brazil (An example of using an exclusive bus route systemone reason for its success)
Three ways to classify mass transit systems
Right of way ROW = the strip of land on which the transit vehicle operates:Category A: “Grade separated” or “exclusive” NY Subways, DC’s Metro, Monorail in Las Vegas, Bullet train systems in Japan, Guided buses (BRT) in Germany TRAX LRT between Sandy & 1300S (except some at-grade crossing)Category B: “Longitudinally fully separated” but “may have grade crossing” TRAX LRT between Delta Center & 1300SCategory C: “surface streets with mixed traffic” UTA buses Directly affected by traffic delays
Technology Mechanical features of the vehicles and the riding surface. (1) Support between the vehicle and the riding surface (rubber tires vs. steel wheels), (2) Steering of vehicles (driver vs. guided path), (3) Propulsion method (gasoline, electricity, LPG gas, gasoline/electricity hybrid, hydrogen) and (4) Means of controlling vehicles longitudinally (driver stay in a lane vs. rail follow the guided rails)
Type of service
(1) Short haul in CBD (Shuttles), (2) City transit (medium haul), and (3) Regional transit (long haul)
TRAX’s ROW
Runs on an old rail road ROW
Transit system operations, service, and characteristics
Operations (service supply)
Bus scheduling, crew rostering (assignment), running and supervision of vehicles, fare collection, and system maintenance
Service The transit system as experienced by its actual and potential users
Characteristics
Transit system characteristics are classified in four categories
1. System performance2. Level of service3. (Operational and service) impacts to the
community they serve: short-term (less congestion, pollution, noise, etc.) and long-term impacts (land values, economic activities, social environment, etc.)
4. Costs: investment (capital) costs and operating costs
Performance and LOS measures
System performance
Service frequency (departures/hr)
Operating speed (Average travel speed)
Reliability (% of vehicle arrivals with less than a fixed-time deviation from schedule)
Safety (No. of fatalities, injuries & property damages per xxx passenger-miles)
Line capacity (Max no. of persons that transit vehicles can carry past a point along the line like a flow rate)
Productive capacity = Operating speed x line capacityProductivity (veh-km, space-km, operating cost, etc.)
Utilization = the ratio of output to input (person-km/space-km)
Level of service (term project data)
Performance elements affecting users, such as operating speed, reliability, and safety Service quality, such as convenience and simplicity of using the system, comfort, aesthetics, cleanliness, and behavior of passengers
Travel demand classifications
FUN DOME FASHION
PLACE
SLC CBD
2. Trips along circumferential routes
4. Trips within CBD
3. Trips between and within local areas
5. Trips connecting major activity centers
1. Trips along the radial routes to CBD
This is a topic of CE565.
Public transport system classified by routing and scheduling typesSch
edulin
g (
freq
uency
of
serv
ice)
Routing (degree of coverage and access
Transit modes related to residential densityMode Service Min.
necessary residential density(DU/acre)
Remarks
Local bus
Min., 20 buses/day
Intermediate, 40
Frequent, 120
4
7
15
Varies as a function of downtown size and distance from residential area to downtown
Express bus
5 buses during 2-hr peak period
5-10 buses during 2-hr peak period
15 (avg density over 2-mi2)
3 (avg density over 20-mi2)
From 10 to 15 mi away to largest CBD
From 10-20 mi away to CBD larger than 20 million ft2 non residential space
Light rail 5-min headways or better during peak hour
9 (avg for a corridor of 25 to 100 mi2)
To CBD of 20 to 50 million ft2 of non residential space
Network types
Grid networks Radial networks
Circumferential connections
Territorial networks
No connection between the lines in the suburbs
Let’s check UTA’s system maps (cont)
Provo-Orem area (grid & territorial)
Major transfer points
Let’s see how some large systems look like…
DC Metro (Radial)
New York City Subway (radial)
Basically all lines go through mid/downtown Manhattan. Not much interaction between other boroughs.
Tokyo Rail Systems map
Yamonote Line (loop line) connects major business centers in Tokyo.