LEB Lec 1-5 Elementary

7/18/2019 LEB Lec 1-5 Elementary

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/leb-lec-1-5-elementary 1/85

Legal Environment ofLegal Environment ofBusiness(LEB)/Business LawBusiness(LEB)/Business Law::

for MBA Program, A critical analysisfor MBA Program, A critical analysis

[[with reference to Bangladeshwith reference to Bangladesh]]

By-By-

M. ZILLUR RAHMAM. ZILLUR RAHMA !".# $ellow%&arrister%m&a!".# $ellow%&arrister%m&a

Guest Faculty: IBA, ha!a "ni#ersityGuest Faculty: IBA, ha!a "ni#ersity

$ommandant %Addl& IG'$ommandant %Addl& IG'

(raffic ) ri#ing *chool, ha!a(raffic ) ri#ing *chool, ha!a

Mo+: %.'-/., %0'-/.Mo+: %.'-/., %0'-/.



11

Le'ture*Le'ture*::

!art*:!art*: +ourse ,utline+ourse ,utline



22

Le'ture*Le'ture*::

!art-:!art-: Elementar +on'ets of LawElementar +on'ets of Law



33

Why a business Executive/ ManagerWhy a business Executive/ Manager

needs to know LEB.......?needs to know LEB.......?



44

What isWhat is LawLaw....?....?



55

DefinitionDefinition:: 6aw is the +ody of6aw is the +ody of

7rinci7les recogni8ed and a77lied +y the7rinci7les recogni8ed and a77lied +y thestate in the administration of 9ustice&state in the administration of 9ustice&

-*almond-*almond



..

What isWhat is Rule of LawRule of Law.....?.....?



00

#i'e0s#i'e0s 2-7art decisions:2-7art decisions:[a French 7hiloso7her ) law e7ert ;[a French 7hiloso7her ) law e7ert ; 12"e 3rit of Law012"e 3rit of Law0 7u+lished in 0.4]7u+lished in 0.4]

*st +on'et*st +on'et: <o one should +e 7unished ece7t: <o one should +e 7unished ece7twhere there has +een a distinct +reach of a clearwhere there has +een a distinct +reach of a clearand certain law tri+al in the ordinary courts [and certain law tri+al in the ordinary courts [ Art 35, Art 35,

B’desh ConstitutionB’desh Constitution]&]&

-n4 +on'et-n4 +on'et: =#ery 7erson irres7ecti#e of ran!: =#ery 7erson irres7ecti#e of ran!and status should +e su+9ect to the lawand status should +e su+9ect to the law [[ Art 27, B’desh Art 27, B’desh

ConstitutionConstitution]&]&

5r4 +on'et5r4 +on'et: (he rights of indi#idual are +est: (he rights of indi#idual are +est7rotected +y the common law rather than +y a code7rotected +y the common law rather than +y a codeor +ill of rightsor +ill of rights [[ Art 106, B’desh Constitution Art 106, B’desh Constitution]&]&



//

i&e&&&&&&&&&&i&e&&&&&&&&&&

<o law can +e made with retros7ecti#e effect [<o law can +e made with retros7ecti#e effect [ Art-35(1) of Art-35(1) of

B‘desh ConstitutionB‘desh Constitution]&]&

*u7remacy of the constitution: If there is conflict*u7remacy of the constitution: If there is conflict+etween the two laws, constitution will 7re#ail [+etween the two laws, constitution will 7re#ail [ Art-7 of Art-7 of

B‘desh ConstitutionB‘desh Constitution]]

6aws inconsistent with fundamental rights to +e #oid6aws inconsistent with fundamental rights to +e #oid[i&e&-[i&e&- Art-26 of B‘desh Constitution Art-26 of B‘desh Constitution': =ce7tion-[': =ce7tion-[DiscipinedDiscipined

!orce, Art-"5 !orce, Art-"5 ] : >ar $rime, $rime against humanity; [] : >ar $rime, $rime against humanity; [ Art Art

"7A"7A]]

Immunity: President is immuned from all sorts of ci#il )Immunity: President is immuned from all sorts of ci#il )criminal offence till he?she is on the chair [criminal offence till he?she is on the chair [ Art-51 of Art-51 of

B‘desh ConstitutionB‘desh Constitution]&]&



#h$t is#h$t is Crime.....? Crime.....?



DefinitionDefinition

-Acti%ities th$t in%o%e &re$'in the $*-Acti%ities th$t in%o%e &re$'in the $*

- An ie$ $ct or $cti%it+ th$t c$n &e An ie$ $ct or $cti%it+ th$t c$n &e

punished &+ $* punished &+ $*

[Penal $ode, *ec-3][Penal $ode, *ec-3]



11

Actus rea (Conduct Actus rea (Conduct ) )- Act/Silence/Omission- Act/Silence/Omission

- Consequence- Consequence

- Surrounding circumstances- Surrounding circumstances

MensMens rea (State of Mind rea (State of Mind ) )

- Intention- Intention

Without intentionWithout intention

- Recklessness- Recklessness- Negligence- Negligence

Note:Note: Please remember to be an offence ! elements of actus rea " at least #Please remember to be an offence ! elements of actus rea " at least #

element of means rea is essential$element of means rea is essential$

o too to Prove & disprove anProve & disprove an

Offence....? Offence....?



22

What isWhat is Burden of Proof….?Burden of Proof….?&&

What isWhat is Standard of Proof…? Standard of Proof…?



33

In U6 3stemIn U6 3stem Burden lies with the 7laintiff? com7lainant&Burden lies with the 7laintiff? com7lainant& An accused isAn accused is innocentinnocent, until ) unless, until ) unless

7ro#ed otherwise&7ro#ed otherwise&

In $ran'e 3stemIn $ran'e 3stem Burden lies with the accused? defendant&Burden lies with the accused? defendant& An accused isAn accused is guiltyguilty, until ) unless 7ro#ed, until ) unless 7ro#ed

otherwise&otherwise&



44

Conditions for PunishmentConditions for Punishment--Criminal !!enceCriminal !!ence;;

An accused is innocent until and unless 7ro#ed otherwise&An accused is innocent until and unless 7ro#ed otherwise&

If re@uire ac@uit criminals, +ut dont 7unish innocentIf re@uire ac@uit criminals, +ut dont 7unish innocent7erson&7erson&

Accused will get Accused will get &enefit of 4ou&t&enefit of 4ou&t&&

An accused can not +e a witness&An accused can not +e a witness&E7'et8E7'et8

& $onfessional *tatement [& $onfessional *tatement [Cr*C 16"Cr*C 16"]]1& ying eclaration [1& ying eclaration [.A 32.A 32],],2& efense >itness [2& efense >itness [Cr*C 2"2Cr*C 2"2], 3& A77ro#er [], 3& A77ro#er [Cr*C 337 Cr*C 337 ]]4& >hen +urden of 7roof shifts?lies with the Accused4& >hen +urden of 7roof shifts?lies with the Accused

Burden of 7roof always lies with the $om7lainant?Burden of 7roof always lies with the $om7lainant?Prosecution? *tate, and *tandard of 7roof always +eyondProsecution? *tate, and *tandard of 7roof always +eyondreasona+le dou+t, means C, not e#en //C&reasona+le dou+t, means C, not e#en //C&

Punishment usually i&e& Im7risonment %including deathPunishment usually i&e& Im7risonment %including death

sentence', Fine or Both&sentence', Fine or Both&



55

Conditions for PunishmentConditions for Punishment--Civil !!enceCivil !!ence;;

D An accused is innocent until and unless 7ro#ed otherwiseEthisAn accused is innocent until and unless 7ro#ed otherwiseEthis

7rinci7le is not a77lica+le in ci#il trial&7rinci7le is not a77lica+le in ci#il trial&

D If re@uire ac@uit criminals, +ut dont 7unish innocentIf re@uire ac@uit criminals, +ut dont 7unish innocent7erson&&&& this 7rinci7le is not a77lica+le in ci#il trial&7erson&&&& this 7rinci7le is not a77lica+le in ci#il trial&

D Accused will get Accused will get &enefit of 4ou&t&enefit of 4ou&t&&&& this 7rinci7le is not&&&& this 7rinci7le is nota77lica+le in ci#il trial&a77lica+le in ci#il trial&

D An accused can +e a witness&An accused can +e a witness&

D Burden of 7roof always lies with the 7erson who isBurden of 7roof always lies with the 7erson who iscom7laining %$om7lainant?es7ondent', and *tandard ofcom7laining %$om7lainant?es7ondent', and *tandard of7roof always on the +alance of 7ro+a+ilities, means usually7roof always on the +alance of 7ro+a+ilities, means usually4C &4C &

D Punishment usually i&e& Fine, $om7ensation, (itle?wnershi7Punishment usually i&e& Fine, $om7ensation, (itle?wnershi7

or Both&or Both&



..

Le'ture-Le'ture-::




00

Sources of Law Sources of Law

6egal *ources6egal *ources$onstitution$onstitution6egislation?*tatute %i&e& Act, rdinance,6egislation?*tatute %i&e& Act, rdinance,

ules?egulations, rder'ules?egulations, rder'$ommon 6aw?Hudicial Precedent?$ase$ommon 6aw?Hudicial Precedent?$ase6aw6aw

<on-6egal *ources<on-6egal *ources$on#ention$on#ention$ustoms$ustoms



//

Areas of Law Areas of Law

$riminal$riminal$i#il$i#ilMilitaryMilitary

Business 6aw %i&e& &&&Business 6aw %i&e& &&&--$ontract Act, 0.1$ontract Act, 0.1

-*ale of Goods Act, /2-*ale of Goods Act, /2-<egotia+le Instrument Act, 00-<egotia+le Instrument Act, 00

-Partnershi7 Act, /21-Partnershi7 Act, /21-Bangladesh $om7any Act, //3-Bangladesh $om7any Act, //3-Bangladesh 6a+or $ode, 15-Bangladesh 6a+or $ode, 15- i&e& &&&&&&&&&- i&e& &&&&&&&&&

Contd…..Contd…..



11

Military Law Militar y Law Guided +yGuided +y Manual of Bangladesh Military 6awManual of Bangladesh Military 6aw

-Army Act, /41-Army Act, /41

A- Army ules ) egulationsA- Army ules ) egulations

AI-Army ules ) InstructionAI-Army ules ) Instruction-Air Force Act, /42-Air Force Act, /42

-<a#al Act, /52-<a#al Act, /52

Hurisdiction of MBM6Hurisdiction of MBM6

-- $ourt of =n@uiry$ourt of =n@uiry

- $ourt Martial- $ourt Martial

- Military $ourt?(ri+unal- Military $ourt?(ri+unal



11

Areas of Law Areas of Law

Other Law(s)Other Law(s)

$onstitutional 6aw$onstitutional 6aw (ort 6aw(ort 6aw 6and 6aw6and 6aw =m7loyment 6aw=m7loyment 6aw

Administrati#e 6awAdministrati#e 6aw

$ontem7t of $ourt$ontem7t of $ourt i&e& &&&&&&&&&i&e& &&&&&&&&&



1111

Concetual difference a!on"# Concetual difference a!on"#

-$onstitution-$onstitution

-Act-Act

-rdinance-rdinance

-egulations?ules-egulations?ules

-Hudicial Precedent?$ase 6aws-Hudicial Precedent?$ase 6aws

-rder-rder



1212

Concetual difference of# Concetual difference of#

*tate Js Go#ernment*tate Js Go#ernment*tate: 3 com7onents*tate: 3 com7onents

--(erritory(erritory

- *o#ereignty- *o#ereignty-Peo7le-Peo7le

-Go#ernment-Go#ernment

Go#ernment: 2 com7onentsGo#ernment: 2 com7onents

-=ecuti#e-=ecuti#e

-Hudiciary-Hudiciary

- 6egislati#e- 6egislati#e



1313

"residential #s "rime Ministerial"residential #s "rime Ministerial

$orm o! %overnment$orm o! %overnment President is the head of the *tate wherePresident is the head of the *tate where

as, Prime Minister is the head of theas, Prime Minister is the head of theGo#ernment&Go#ernment&

Power of the President of BdeshPower of the President of Bdesh/he resident i $$+s or' ith the $d%ise of/he resident i $$+s or' ith the $d%ise of

the rie inister ecept 2 functionsthe rie inister ecept 2 functions

Appointent of the prie inister Appointent of the prie inister

Appointent of the Chief 4ustice Appointent of the Chief 4ustice



1414

Court Structure in Ban"lades$Court Structure in Ban"lades$

For Criminal Trial For Criminal Trial -Magistrate $ourt-Magistrate $ourt

-*ession $ourt-*ession $ourt

-Kigh $ourt i#ision of *$-Kigh $ourt i#ision of *$

-A77ellate i#ision of *$-A77ellate i#ision of *$

-President-President



1515

For Civil Trial For Civil Trial

-Asstt&? *r& Asstt& Hudge $ourt-Asstt&? *r& Asstt& Hudge $ourt

-Hudge $ourt-Hudge $ourt

-Kigh $ourt i#ision of *$-Kigh $ourt i#ision of *$




1.1.

Other Civil Trial Other Civil Trial

-Administrati#e (ri+unal? 6a+or-Administrati#e (ri+unal? 6a+or$ourt? Military $ourt? any ty7e of$ourt? Military $ourt? any ty7e of*7ecial $ourt*7ecial $ourt

-A77ellate (ri+unal %=@ui#alent to K$'-A77ellate (ri+unal %=@ui#alent to K$'




1010

Aoint!ent & Concetual A oint!ent & Concetual

difference a!on"# difference a!on"#

- Hury- Hury

- Magistrate- Magistrate

- Hudge- Hudge

- Hustice- Hustice



1/1/

MagistrateMagistrate L An official who acts as aL An official who acts as a 9udge in the lowest court of law& Ke is 9udge in the lowest court of law& Ke is

also said to +e the Hustice of the Peace&also said to +e the Hustice of the Peace&

9u4ge9u4ge L A 7erson in a court who has theL A 7erson in a court who has theauthority to decide how criminal shouldauthority to decide how criminal should+e 7unished or to ma!e legal decisions&+e 7unished or to ma!e legal decisions&

9usti'e9usti'e L >ho is a 9udge& (he wordL >ho is a 9udge& (he word

9usti'e9usti'e usually used +efore the nameusually used +efore the nameof a Hudge in K$ and $ourt of A77el&of a Hudge in K$ and $ourt of A77el&



22

A#R A#R Alternative #isute ResolutionsAlternative #isute Resolutions

- <egotiator- <egotiator

- Mediator- Mediator

- Ar+itrator- Ar+itrator

ote: ;ote: ;In Englis" law A#R is 4efine4 asIn Englis" law A#R is 4efine4 as

'olle'tive 4es'rition of met"o4s of resolving'olle'tive 4es'rition of met"o4s of resolving4isutes ot"erwise t"an t"roug" t"e normal4isutes ot"erwise t"an t"roug" t"e normaltrial ro'ess<.trial ro'ess<.



22

e!otiatione!otiation

n .nish $-ost eoti$tions (either or$ or ritten) $ren .nish $-ost eoti$tions (either or$ or ritten) $reithout pre8udice9 nothin s$id or done is $dissi&e inithout pre8udice9 nothin s$id or done is $dissi&e in

e%idence in $n+ su&se:uent tri$, shoud the neoti$tions f$is*e%idence in $n+ su&se:uent tri$, shoud the neoti$tions f$is*

"ediation"ediation

As per .nish $-;/he hoe process is %ount$r+ $nd consensu$* As per .nish $-;/he hoe process is %ount$r+ $nd consensu$*

/he p$rties choose to tr+ to reso%e $ dispute &+ edi$tion* .ither of/he p$rties choose to tr+ to reso%e $ dispute &+ edi$tion* .ither ofthe p$rties c$n ithdr$ the c$se $t $n+ tie $nd if the+ do not i'ethe p$rties c$n ithdr$ the c$se $t $n+ tie $nd if the+ do not i'ethe proposed soution, the+ do not h$%e to $ccept it;* <B$n$deshthe proposed soution, the+ do not h$%e to $ccept it;* <B$n$deshCC- =>A?CC- =>A?

#r$itration #r$itration

As per .nish $ -;Ar&itr$tion is $n $d8udic$ti%e process;* As per .nish $ -;Ar&itr$tion is $n $d8udic$ti%e process;* <B$n$desh CC- =>B?<B$n$desh CC- =>B?

M i t t % di i l A t$ itM

i t t % di i l A t$ it



2121

Ma"istrate%s udicial Aut$ority Ma"istrate%s udicial Aut$ority # #

=ecuti#e Magistrate=ecuti#e Magistrate *7ecial Magistrate*7ecial Magistrate Hudicial Magistrate: As 7er *ec-21 of $r& P$Hudicial Magistrate: As 7er *ec-21 of $r& P$ st $lass Magistrate: NO 4 years and a fine ofst $lass Magistrate: NO 4 years and a fine of

(!&,? or +oth(!&,? or +oth

1nd $lass Magistrate: NO 2 years and a fine of1nd $lass Magistrate: NO 2 years and a fine of

(!&4,? or +oth(!&4,? or +oth

2rd $lass Magistrate: NO 1 years and a fine of2rd $lass Magistrate: NO 1 years and a fine of(!&1,? or +oth(!&1,? or +oth



2222

Legal System of B’desh-Legal System of B’desh-

$riminal Hustice Administration$riminal Hustice Administration*ystem %$r& HA*'*ystem %$r& HA*'

$i#il Hustice Administration *ystem$i#il Hustice Administration *ystem%$i#& HA*'%$i#& HA*'

C %#C %# $



2323

Cr. %# Cr. %# '' 3 $om7onents3 $om7onents

- Police?In#estigation- Police?In#estigation

- Prosecution- Prosecution- $ourt?Hudiciary- $ourt?Hudiciary

- Hail?$orrection- Hail?$orrection

Guided +yGuided +y

L Bdesh Penal $ode, 05Bdesh Penal $ode, 05L $riminal Procedure $ode, 0/0$riminal Procedure $ode, 0/0

L =#idence Act, 0.1=#idence Act, 0.1

LPolice egulations of Bengal, /32Police egulations of Bengal, /32



2424

Ci'. AS Ci'. AS

=ui4e4 &8=ui4e4 &8L $i#il Procedure $ode, /0$i#il Procedure $ode, /0

L =#idence Act, 0.1=#idence Act, 0.1

L *7ecific elief Act, 0..*7ecific elief Act, 0..

L 6imitation Act, /0 %i&e& *ec-2, 4'6imitation Act, /0 %i&e& *ec-2, 4'*ec-2: 6imitation 7eriod*ec-2: 6imitation 7eriod

*ec-4: $ondon of 6imitation 7eriod +y the-*ec-4: $ondon of 6imitation 7eriod +y the-$ourt$ourt



2525

Other Civil ProcedreOther Civil ProcedreL *7ecific elief Act, 0.. %i&e&*ec-2/, 31'*7ecific elief Act, 0.. %i&e&*ec-2/, 31'

*ec-2/: $ancellation *uit*ec-2/: $ancellation *uit

*ec-31: eclaration *uit*ec-31: eclaration *uit

- Administrati#e (ri+unal Act, /0- Administrati#e (ri+unal Act, /0L 6a+or $ourt %under 6a+or $ode 15'6a+or $ourt %under 6a+or $ode 15'



2.2.

Le'ture5Le'ture5::




2020

B%des$ Penal Code *+, B%des$ Penal Code *+,

CharacteristicsCharacteristics' i.e.' i.e.

ec*+,'ec*+,' urder ( urder ( cup$&e hoicide $ountin to urder cu p$&e hoicide $ountin to urder ) )ith intention @ de$th or ife iprisonent ith intention @ de$th or ife iprisonent

ec*+-'ec*+-' urder ( urder ( cup$&e hoicide not $ountin tocup$&e hoicide not $ountin tourder urder ) ith no intention - ife iprisonent ) ith no intention - ife iprisonent

ec*+-#'ec*+-#' C$usin de$th &+ r$sh or neient $ct @ 3 +e$rsC$usin de$th &+ r$sh or neient $ct @ 3 +e$rsiprisonent iprisonent

ec*+-'ec*+-' C$usin de$th &+ r$sh dri%in @ 3 +e$rsC$usin de$th &+ r$sh dri%in @ 3 +e$rsiprisonent iprisonent

ec,/0' #ec,/0' #ccident$ in8ur+- up to 3 +e$rs iprisonent*ccident$ in8ur+- up to 3 +e$rs iprisonent*

ec*/1'ec*/1' $pe @ de$th or ife iprisonent $pe @ de$th or ife iprisonent



2/2/

ec23,'ec23,' unishent for f$seunishent for f$se

infor$tion to poice, courtinfor$tion to poice, court

ec,22'ec,22' unishent for f$seunishent for f$se

C$se! to poice, courtC$se! to poice, court

4hen o Offence4hen o Offence

ec/1 to 05'ec/1 to 05' othin is $nothin is $noffence**offence** in ood f$ithin ood f$ith**

3 >? t *53 >? t *5



33

3e' >? to *5:3e' >? to *5:6i!ht of Private Defense6i !ht of Private Defense

othin is $n offence, if done for theothin is $n offence, if done for the

riht of pri%$te defense ( ee&er forriht of pri%$te defense ( ee&er forthethe principe of e:u$ force principe of e:u$ force ) )

ec3, & 3*ec3, & 3*

ischie%ous Discretionischie%ous Discretion!or $ chid!or $ chid N / years- <o offenceN / years- <o offence

/ to 1 years- / to 1 years- ischie%ous-ischie%ous-

DiscretionDiscretion

1 years- Qes offence 1 years- Qes offence

- id A t

*/



33

-'idence Act */ -'idence Act */

Un4er Evi4en'e A't% *@-: !oli'e/ Investigation/Un4er Evi4en'e A't% *@-: !oli'e/ Investigation/

Inuir ,ffi'er "as to 'onsi4er w"ile 'olle'ting t"eInuir ,ffi'er "as to 'onsi4er w"ile 'olle'ting t"eevi4en'e in roving t"e offen'es as res'ri&e4 inevi4en'e in roving t"e offen'es as res'ri&e4 inB04es" !enal +o4e or an ot"er Laws of t"e +ountrB04es" !enal +o4e or an ot"er Laws of t"e +ountri.e.8i.e.8


ec,5 ec,5 : *tatement to 7olice is not: *tatement to 7olice is notadmissi+le in the court&admissi+le in the court&

ec,1ec,1: *tatement during 7olice custody: *tatement during 7olice custody

is not admissi+le in theis not admissi+le in thecourt&court&

ec,/ ec,/ : After statement to the 7olice, the: After statement to the 7olice, the

amount of information isamount of information is



3131

P0B 123P0B 123 P6 is the procedre in assistin!7enforcin!P6 is the procedre in assistin!7enforcin!

Cr.PC and special $indin! ( Cr.PC and special $indin! ( do8s and don8tsdo8s and don8ts ) )for the Police. P6 is also $indin! to thefor the Police. P6 is also $indin! to theProsection9 Cort & Correction.Prosection9 Cort & Correction.

CharacteristicsCharacteristics' i.e.' i.e.ec312'ec312' unishent procedure for unishent procedure for thethe

isconduct of poice personne* isconduct of poice personne*

ec- 27>E #h$t e$ $ction i poice t$'eec- 27>E #h$t e$ $ction i poice t$'ein c$se of f$se infor$tion f$sein c$se of f$se infor$tion f$sec$se $$inst the $ccused*F c$se $$inst the $ccused*F



3232

Le'tureCLe'tureC::




3333

Cr. PC *1* Cr. PC *1* Cr. PC is the procedre for the Cr.%# andCr. PC is the procedre for the Cr.%# and

$indin! ( $indin! ( do8s and don8tsdo8s and don8ts ) for the Police9 ) for the Police9

Prosection9 Cort & Correction.Prosection9 Cort & Correction.


: : Discussed on net sidesDiscussed on net sides ; ;



3434

What to do if aWhat to do if a cri!inal 4ffencecri!inal 4ffence

ta5es lace....? ta5es lace....?

, options<, options< =ither Magistrate $ourt- FI filed as=ither Magistrate $ourt- FI filed as

$ case$ case

r Police *tation- FI filed as Gr Police *tation- FI filed as Gcasecase



3535

Court 6er!inolo"y Court 6er!inolo"y # #

- 6awyers <otice- 6awyers <otice

- *ummon- *ummon

- >arrant- >arrant- ecree, %- ecree, %7artial or full 9udgment7artial or full 9udgment''

- Hudgment, %- Hudgment, %full 9udgmentfull 9udgment''

- Amicus $urie, %- Amicus $urie, %courts friendcourts friend''



3.3.

Concetual difference 7etweenConcetual difference 7etween# #

In#estigation Js In@uiry?=n@uiryIn#estigation Js In@uiry?=n@uiry

$ogni8a+le Js <on-cogni8a+le offence$ogni8a+le Js <on-cogni8a+le offence

Baila+le Js <on-+aila+le offenceBaila+le Js <on-+aila+le offence

$ogni8ance Js (rial $ourt$ogni8ance Js (rial $ourt

efendant Js es7ondentefendant Js es7ondent

Admission Js $onfessionAdmission Js $onfession

8 ti ti St8 t

i ti St



3030

8n'esti"ation Sta"e8n'est i"ation Sta"e

"nder $r& P$, 0/0 the following ste7s should"nder $r& P$, 0/0 the following ste7s should+e ta!en +y the Police?In#estigation fficer+e ta!en +y the Police?In#estigation fficer

ec5-ec5-EE or +y any other sections: Arrest +yor +y any other sections: Arrest +y

the Police %including AB'the Police %including AB'

ec1+ec1+ : (he accused?delin@uent has to +e: (he accused?delin@uent has to +e

7roduced to the concerned $ of the P* at7roduced to the concerned $ of the P* atthe shortest 7ossi+le time&the shortest 7ossi+le time&

Contd.



3/3/

ec12ec12: $ will 7roduce the accused to the: $ will 7roduce the accused to thenearest Hudicial Magistrate %$ogni8ancenearest Hudicial Magistrate %$ogni8ance

$ourt' with in 13 hours&$ourt' with in 13 hours&

ec21/ ec21/ ::

emand- can not +e more than 4 days atemand- can not +e more than 4 days at

one go? at a time&one go? at a time&In#estigation- usually 1 days&In#estigation- usually 1 days&

ec2/*ec2/*: Police e7ort: Police e7ort-$harge *heet-$harge *heet

- Final e7ort %should ha#e +een named as- Final e7ort %should ha#e +een named asischarge e7ortischarge e7ort' emem+er BP$-01?1&' emem+er BP$-01?1&

B ilBail



44

Bail Bail

"nder $r& P$, 0/0 the following ste7s should"nder $r& P$, 0/0 the following ste7s should

+e ta!en +y the Police?In#estigation fficer+e ta!en +y the Police?In#estigation fficeror +y the courtor +y the court ec-01ec-01: $ or the $ourt may +ail the: $ or the $ourt may +ail the

accused for a +aila+le offence&accused for a +aila+le offence&

ec-0/ ec-0/ ::%a'%a' $ may +ail the accused who is a$ may +ail the accused who is a

child?minor or a woman or an aged 7ersonchild?minor or a woman or an aged 7erson

or a seriously sic! 7erson for a non-+aila+leor a seriously sic! 7erson for a non-+aila+leoffence&offence&%+' $ourt may +ail the accused for a%+' $ourt may +ail the accused for a

+aila+le?non-+aila+le offence if he thin!s+aila+le?non-+aila+le offence if he thin!sreasona+le&reasona+le&

ec-03ec-03: Antici7atory Bail- >hen an accused: Antici7atory Bail- >hen an accused



44

ec-03ec-03: Antici7atory Bail- >hen an accused: Antici7atory Bail >hen an accusedantici7ating that he might +e arrested +y the 7olice,antici7ating that he might +e arrested +y the 7olice,he can as! for +ail in ad#ance from the *ession $ourthe can as! for +ail in ad#ance from the *ession $ourtor K$& Magistrate court has no authority to gi#e anor K$& Magistrate court has no authority to gi#e an

antici7atory +ail&antici7atory +ail&

ec21/(5)ec21/(5): If I fails to su+mit 7olice re7ort with: If I fails to su+mit 7olice re7ort within 1 days, the courtin 1 days, the court shallshall +ail the accused&+ail the accused&

ec**0C ec**0C ::

%a' (rial time for the Magistrate $ourt-0 days%a' (rial time for the Magistrate $ourt-0 days

%+' (rial time for the Hudge?*ession $ourt -25 days%+' (rial time for the Hudge?*ession $ourt -25 days

If the a+o#e courts fail with in the sti7ulated time,If the a+o#e courts fail with in the sti7ulated time,the courtthe court shallshall +ail the accused&+ail the accused&

ec-,1ec-,1: K$: K$ maymay +ail a con#icted accused, if he+ail a con#icted accused, if hethin!s that the 7unishment might +e reduced?thin!s that the 7unishment might +e reduced?ac@uitted, 7assed +y the lower court&ac@uitted, 7assed +y the lower court&

- id C ll ti- idence Collection



4141

-'idence Collection-'idence Collection

"nder $r& P$, 0/0 the following ste7s"nder $r& P$, 0/0 the following ste7sshould +e ta!en +y the Police?In#estigationshould +e ta!en +y the Police?In#estigationfficerfficer

ec21+ec21+: I can summon any 7erson: I can summon any 7erson

connected with the offence&connected with the offence&

ec212ec212: *tatement recorded +y I&: *tatement recorded +y I&

ec21-ec21-: *tatement recorded +y: *tatement recorded +yMagistrateMagistrate



4242

Prosecution Ser'iceProsecution Ser'ice

Lower Cort Lower Cort -In the $ogni8ance $ourt %i&e& $ourt Ins7ector, $*I'-In the $ogni8ance $ourt %i&e& $ourt Ins7ector, $*I'

-In the Magistrate ) *ession (rial %i&e& PP, Addl& PP,-In the Magistrate ) *ession (rial %i&e& PP, Addl& PP,

APP'APP'

-In the Hudge $ourt %i&e& GP, Addl& GP, y GP, Asst&-In the Hudge $ourt %i&e& GP, Addl& GP, y GP, Asst&GP'GP'

=C7C =C 7C

-Both ci#il ) criminal trial %i&e& Attorney General,-Both ci#il ) criminal trial %i&e& Attorney General,Addl& AG, y AG, Asstt& AG'Addl& AG, y AG, Asstt& AG'



4343

6rial Sta"e6rial St a"e

asin! on the availa$le evidence9asin! on the availa$le evidence9

prodced $> the prosection and prodced $> the prosection and

followin! the $asic principles offollowin! the $asic principles of

criminal & civil law risprdence9 thecriminal & civil law risprdence9 the"a!istrate7%d!e prononce the"a!istrate7%d!e prononce the

verdict7d!ment.verdict7d!ment.

ec**0ec**0: A+sentia trial: A+sentia trial

9unctional ifference a!on";9unctional ifference a!on";



4444

9unctional ifference a!on";9unctional ifference a!on";#+% #9 D 3!#+% #9 D 3!

$ has mainly 2 functions$ has mainly 2 functionsi' istrict $ollector %$ollect land re#enues?ta on +ehalf of thei' istrict $ollector %$ollect land re#enues?ta on +ehalf of theGo#ernment' Go#ernment'

ii' istrict Magistrate %$hief, 6aw ) rder $ommittee in theii' istrict Magistrate %$hief, 6aw ) rder $ommittee in theistrict'istrict'iii' e7uty $ommissioner %istrict Administrator and re7resent theiii' e7uty $ommissioner %istrict Administrator and re7resent theGo#ernment'Go#ernment'

H has mainly 1 functionsH has mainly 1 functionsi' istrict Hudge for ci#il triali' istrict Hudge for ci#il trialii' *ession Hudge for criminal trialii' *ession Hudge for criminal trial

*P has mainly 1 functions*P has mainly 1 functionsi' $hief, istrict Police: solely res7onsi+le for law ) order&i' $hief, istrict Police: solely res7onsi+le for law ) order&ii' $hief, istrict *7ecial Branchii' $hief, istrict *7ecial Branch



4545

When a police officer can arrest a personWhen a police officer can arrest a person

without warrant…………………………!without warrant…………………………!

"nswer "nswer ##&nder 'ec()* o! Cr. "C+ a ,olice o!!icer can arrest a ,erson&nder 'ec()* o! Cr. "C+ a ,olice o!!icer can arrest a ,erson

without warrant under the !ollowing circumstances-without warrant under the !ollowing circumstances-C( anyC( any CredibleCredible in!ormationin!ormation

( any ( any nstrumentnstrument !or house breaking!or house breaking

"("( "roclaimed"roclaimed as an o!!ender by the court or byas an o!!ender by the court or by

the %overnment. the %overnment.

'('( 'tolen'tolen ,ro,erty i! !ound0,ro,erty i! !ound0

(( bstructingbstructing a ,olice o!!icer a ,olice o!!icer

1(1( 1eserter 1eserter !rom military service!rom military service

E(E( ExtraditionExtradition

2( any2( any 2eleased2eleased convict committing a breach o!convict committing a breach o!

When arrest is Lawful !When arrest is Lawful !



4.4.

When arrest is Lawful!When arrest is Lawful!

"ccused $asic rights!"ccused $asic r ights!

An arrested 7erson has certain rights as 7er ourAn arrested 7erson has certain rights as 7er ourconstitution and the laws of the countryconstitution and the laws of the country

efore #rrest efore #rrest <<

%i' Ke must +e gi#en caution and reasons of arrest&%i' Ke must +e gi#en caution and reasons of arrest&

#fter #rrest #fter #rrest <<

%i' (o consult with solicitors?lawyers&%i' (o consult with solicitors?lawyers&

%ii' (o allow him to tal! with his relati#es&%ii' (o allow him to tal! with his relati#es&

%iii' (o consult with the code of 7rocedure&%iii' (o consult with the code of 7rocedure&

%i#' (he accused must +e 7roduced to the nearest%i#' (he accused must +e 7roduced to the nearestMagistrate with in 13 hours [Art-2%', BdeshMagistrate with in 13 hours [Art-2%', Bdesh

$onstitution]$onstitution]



4040

After 7ronouncing the #erdict?After 7ronouncing the #erdict?

9udgment, can Magistrate? Hudge 9udgment, can Magistrate? Hudgechange the decisionEEEEE&ERchange the decisionEEEEE&ER



4/4/

AnswerAnswer::-<o %other than clerical mista!e, a-<o %other than clerical mista!e, a

7ronounced #erdict can not +e7ronounced #erdict can not +e

changed: $r& P$-25/'changed: $r& P$-25/'



55

After 7ronouncing the #erdict?After 7ronouncing the #erdict? 9udgment, can the case +e tried 9udgment, can the case +e triedagainEEEEEE&&RagainEEEEEE&&R



55

AnswerAnswer::

-- Usuall o (Art5(-) of B04es" +onstitutionUsuall o (Art5(-) of B04es" +onstitution:: S Soo

person sh$ &e prosecuted $nd punished for the s$e person sh$ &e prosecuted $nd punished for the s$e

offence ore th$n onceoffence ore th$n onceT, More so, the 7rinci7lesT, More so, the 7rinci7les

Res Fu4i'atta:Res Fu4i'atta: It an 6atin e7ression which means ifIt an 6atin e7ression which means if

an accused has +een tried +y any of the $ourt or Uuasian accused has +een tried +y any of the $ourt or UuasiHudicial Authority, can not +e tried further&Hudicial Authority, can not +e tried further&

3u&Fu4i'e:3u&Fu4i'e: It an 6atin e7ression which means if anIt an 6atin e7ression which means if an

accused? su+9ect matter is under trial +y any of the $ourtaccused? su+9ect matter is under trial +y any of the $ourtor Uuasi Hudicial Authority, can not +e tried further +y anyor Uuasi Hudicial Authority, can not +e tried further +y anyof the $ourt or Uuasi Hudicial Authority&of the $ourt or Uuasi Hudicial Authority&



5151

%n a criminal case& if there is no Complainant or%n a criminal case& if there is no Complainant or

if the Complainant is no more interested toif the Complainant is no more interested to

continue the case& what would $e the fate ofcontinue the case& what would $e the fate ofthe case!the case!



5252

AnswerAnswer::

n +ehalf of the *tate, Prosecutionn +ehalf of the *tate, Prosecution shallshall continue the trial&continue the trial&



5353

Can you directly go to the 'C for eitherCan you directly go to the 'C for either

any criminal or ci(il case!any criminal or ci(il case!



5454

AnswerAnswer::

"sually for $riminal caseE& <o"sually for $riminal caseE& <o

For $i#il caseE& Qes %where 6owerFor $i#il caseE& Qes %where 6owercourts ha#e no 9urisdiction to try thecourts ha#e no 9urisdiction to try thecase'case'



5555

An agen' ot"er t"an !oli'e 'anAn agen' ot"er t"an !oli'e 'aninvestigate an 'riminal 'ase....Ginvestigate an 'riminal 'ase....G



5.5.

AnswerAnswer::

"sually <o"sually <o, But if the $ourt or, But if the $ourt or

Go#ernment directs to do so&Go#ernment directs to do so&



5050

"at te of offen'e #u4a D"at te of offen'e #u4a DB04es" Ban investigateJJ.GB04es" Ban investigateJJ.G



5/5/

AnswerAnswer

#u4a:#u4a: Anti $orru7tion ffence: under AntiAnti $orru7tion ffence: under Anti$orru7tion Act, 13& $orru7tion Act, 13&

Money 6aundering ffence: underMoney 6aundering ffence: under

Money 6aundering Act, 1/& Money 6aundering Act, 1/&

B04es" Ban:B04es" Ban: Money 6aundering ffence: underMoney 6aundering ffence: under

Money 6aundering Act, 11& <owMoney 6aundering Act, 11& <owBdesh Ban! do not in#estigateBdesh Ban! do not in#estigateM6&M6&

)ther *ecessary Criminal + Ci(il)ther *ecessary Criminal + Ci(il



..

)ther *ecessary Criminal + Ci(il)ther *ecessary Criminal + Ci(il

LawsLaws

$an Go#ernment? Police arrest and$an Go#ernment? Police arrest anddetain any accused without 9udicialdetain any accused without 9udicial

7rocess EEEEEEEEEEEEEE&&&&R7rocess EEEEEEEEEEEEEE&&&&R

Special Po er "ct ,./S

pecial Power "ct ,./



..

Special Power "ct& ,./Special Power "ct& ,./

Answer8Answer8 Qes, under following laws:Qes, under following laws:

*7ecial Power Act, /.3*7ecial Power Act, /.3

*ec-1: Pre9udicial Act,*ec-1: Pre9udicial Act, #etention#etention#etention !ro'e4ure#etention !ro'e4ure

- 2 days, +y istrict Magistrate %M',- 2 days, +y istrict Magistrate %M',

recommendation from *P recommendation from *P- / days, +y Kome Ministry- / days, +y Kome Ministry

- . days, +y Ad#isory Board- . days, +y Ad#isory Board

- 1 Hustice from *$- 1 Hustice from *$

- *r& Go#t& fficial- *r& Go#t& fficial

- *r& Hustice shall +e the $hairman- *r& Hustice shall +e the $hairman

<ote: [Art-2%3', Bdesh $onstitution: A77ro#al from the AB,<ote: [Art-2%3', Bdesh $onstitution: A77ro#al from the AB,an accused can +e detained more than 5 months& If so, ABan accused can +e detained more than 5 months& If so, ABshall ha#e to re#iew the whole case e#ery 5 months]&shall ha#e to re#iew the whole case e#ery 5 months]&



.1.1

0otor 1ehicle )rdinance& ,2.0otor 1ehicle )rdinance& ,2.

"o 'an '"e' t"e ve"i'le0s"o 'an '"e' t"e ve"i'le0s4o'umentsJJJJJJJJG4o'umentsJJJJJJJJG



.2.2

AnswerAnswer88

As 7er *ec-4/ of Motor Jehicle rdinance,As 7er *ec-4/ of Motor Jehicle rdinance,/0./0. <ot less than or other than *u+-Ins7ector<ot less than or other than *u+-Ins7ector

or *ergeants or Jehicle Ins7ector or any 7ersonor *ergeants or Jehicle Ins7ector or any 7ersonauthori8ed +y the Go#ernment can chec! theauthori8ed +y the Go#ernment can chec! the

#ehicle documents&#ehicle documents&



.3.3

+an a oli'e offi'er reuisition+an a oli'e offi'er reuisitionan ve"i'leJJJ.Gan ve"i'leJJJ.G



.4.4

"c3uisition + Re3uisition "ct"c3uisition + Re3uisition "ct

Answer8Answer8 QesQes

As 7er Ac@uisition ) e@uisition Act,EE istrictAs 7er Ac@uisition ) e@uisition Act,EE istrictMagistrate %M' can for 2 daysMagistrate %M' can for 2 days

As 7er Metro7olitan rdinance,EEPoliceAs 7er Metro7olitan rdinance,EEPolice$ommissioner can for . days$ommissioner can for . days

<&B [<&B [For using the #ehicle, the re@uisitioned authority has toFor using the #ehicle, the re@uisitioned authority has to

7ay certain amount of money, a77ro#ed +y the7ay certain amount of money, a77ro#ed +y the

Go#ernmentGo#ernment]]



.5.5

Le'tureLe'ture::


B’desh ConstitutionB’desh Constitution



....

B desh ConstitutionB desh Constitution

Imortant +"ara'teristi'sImortant +"ara'teristi'sD $un4amental !rin'iles:$un4amental !rin'iles:

Part II, Art 0-14Part II, Art 0-14

Art-/: (he *tate shall ensure e@uality of o77ortunity to allArt-/: (he *tate shall ensure e@uality of o77ortunity to allciti8ens&citi8ens&

Art-11: (he *tate shall ensure the se7aration of 9udiciary from theArt-11: (he *tate shall ensure the se7aration of 9udiciary from theeecuti#e organs of the *tate&eecuti#e organs of the *tate&

D $un4amental Rig"ts:$un4amental Rig"ts:Part III, Art 15-3.APart III, Art 15-3.A

Art-15: 6aws inconsistent with the fundamental rights to +e #oid&Art-15: 6aws inconsistent with the fundamental rights to +e #oid&%=ce7tion Art 34, isci7lined Force'%=ce7tion Art 34, isci7lined Force'

Art-24%1': <o 7erson shall +e 7rosecuted and 7unished for theArt-24%1': <o 7erson shall +e 7rosecuted and 7unished for thesame offence more than once&same offence more than once&



.0.0

!resi4ent of B04es"!resi4ent of B04es"

ArtC>:ArtC>:

Prerogati#e?Mercy PowerPrerogati#e?Mercy Power

Art*:Art*: Immunity %Immune from all sorts of ci#ilImmunity %Immune from all sorts of ci#il) criminal offence till he?she is on the) criminal offence till he?she is on thechair' chair'

Art -:Art -: Im7eachment %1?2 ma9orityEE&&'Im7eachment %1?2 ma9orityEE&&'

+r. !++r. !+3e'C*:3e'C*: Power to sus7end or remit sentences&Power to sus7end or remit sentences&

3e'C>C:3e'C>C: Go#ernment can withdraw the wholeGo#ernment can withdraw the wholecase&case&



././

!M% Minister D A4viser!M% Minister D A4viser

: A77ointment: A77ointment

: Functions: Functions

: Pri#ileges ) Immunities: Pri#ileges ) Immunities

<&B:[<&B:[Minister must +e a77ointed /? from theMinister must +e a77ointed /? from the

MPs; PM is a77ointed +y the President, Art-MPs; PM is a77ointed +y the President, Art-45%2' of Bdesh $onstitution]45%2' of Bdesh $onstitution]



00

!arliament D Legislative !ro'ess!arliament D Legislative !ro'ess

Art@:Art@: Functions, Pri#ileges ) ImmunitiesFunctions, Pri#ileges ) Immunities

of MP& of MP&Art @:Art @: Act?rdinance is 7assed throughAct?rdinance is 7assed through

ma9ority means more than 4C&&&&' ma9ority means more than 4C&&&&'

Art*C-:Art*C-: $onstitutional Amendment %1?2$onstitutional Amendment %1?2ma9orityEE&&' ma9orityEE&&'

Art*>5:Art*>5: rdinance Ma!ing Powerrdinance Ma!ing Power

Art C?:Art C?: Indemnity toEEIndemnity toEE



00

+are 2aer/ Militar =overnment+are 2aer/ Militar =overnment

Art@BArt@B: A77ointment of $hief Ad#isor ) other: A77ointment of $hief Ad#isor ) otherAd#isorsAd#isors

Art*-5(5)Art*-5(5): uration of Parliamentarian =lection: uration of Parliamentarian =lection

Art*C*AArt*C*A: Proclamation of =mergency: Proclamation of =mergency

Art*C-Art*C-: $onstitutional Amendment: $onstitutional Amendment

Art*Art*: (ransitional ) (em7orary 7ro#isions: (ransitional ) (em7orary 7ro#isions

+onstitutional Aointment+onstitutional A

ointment



0101

o o o- $=$ ) =$- $=$ ) =$

- $hairman ) Mem+er of P*$- $hairman ) Mem+er of P*$

- $om7troller ) Auditor General- $om7troller ) Auditor General- Hustice of the *$- Hustice of the *$

- $hairman ) $ommissioner of uda!- $hairman ) $ommissioner of uda!

- m+udsman- m+udsman

3ervi'e 2enure3ervi'e 2enure=$: 4 years from the date of a77ointment=$: 4 years from the date of a77ointment

P*$: 4 years or 51 years age which is earlierP*$: 4 years or 51 years age which is earlier

$AG: "7 to 5 years of age$AG: "7 to 5 years of age

Hustice: "7 to 5. years of ageHustice: "7 to 5. years of age

uda!: 3 years from the date of a77ointmentuda!: 3 years from the date of a77ointment

m+udsman: not yet in eistencem+udsman: not yet in eistence



0202

#ifferen'e among#ifferen'e among88

- *u7reme Hudicial $ouncil- *u7reme Hudicial $ouncil- *u7reme Hudicial $ommission- *u7reme Hudicial $ommission

- Pu+lic *er#ice $ommission- Pu+lic *er#ice $ommission

- Hudicial *er#ice $ommission- Hudicial *er#ice $ommission

3earation/In4een4ent of 9u4i'iar

3earation/In4een4ent of 9u4i'iar



0303

3earation/In4een4ent of 9u4i'iar3earation/In4een4ent of 9u4i'iar

Art--:Art--: (he *tate shall ensure the se7aration of 9udiciary from(he *tate shall ensure the se7aration of 9udiciary fromthe eecuti#e organs of the *tate& the eecuti#e organs of the *tate&

Art>(-):Art>(-): Pu+lic re7resentati#e is res7onsi+le forPu+lic re7resentati#e is res7onsi+le for

%a' administration and the wor! of 7u+lic officers&%a' administration and the wor! of 7u+lic officers&

%+' the maintenance of 7u+lic order%+' the maintenance of 7u+lic order

%c' the o7eration and im7lementation of 7lans%c' the o7eration and im7lementation of 7lans

relating to 7u+lic ser#ices and economicrelating to 7u+lic ser#ices and economicde#elo7ment&de#elo7ment&

Art**?A:Art**?A: Hudge ) Magistrates shall wor! inde7endentlyHudge ) Magistrates shall wor! inde7endentlywhile discharging their duties& while discharging their duties&

oteKoteK [[In BdeshIn Bdesh through $r& P$ %Amendment' rdinance, 1.through $r& P$ %Amendment' rdinance, 1.::Hudiciary has +een se7arated from =ecuti#e on Hudiciary has +een se7arated from =ecuti#e on

<o#?1.<o#?1.]]

+ f + *>-?+ t t f + t *>-?



+ontemt of +ourt% *>-?+ontemt of +ourt% *>-?

I If contem7t, 7unishment u7 to 5 months&f contem7t, 7unishment u7 to 5 months&

Attorne 3ervi'e% -Attorne 3ervi'e% -

A An attem7t to +ring the eisting free lancen attem7t to +ring the eisting free lance

PP, GP ) AG under the command andPP, GP ) AG under the command andcontrol of the Go#ernment&control of the Go#ernment&

arrant of !re'e4ent% *>@?arrant of !re'e4ent% *>@? 33itting arrangement for the *tateitting arrangement for the *tateceremonial occasion&ceremonial occasion&

Documents

LEB Lec 1-5 Elementary