LEARNING TO LANGUAGE LEARNING

By: Dolly Ramos G

Stephen Krashen

LA= natural assimilation, involving intitution and subconciuos learning.

Similar to how children learn L1 Real interaction lg (function) and culture NO theoretical knowledge, unaware of grmamar Develops familiarity with phonetics, struct &

vocab Vivid example children & early teens live abroad Fluency, good pronunc, intuitively recognize

phrasal verbs

Stephen Krashen

Traditional approach Focus on lg (structure) Requires intellectual effort & deductive

reasoning Form is more important than communication Values of correct and represses incorrect Memorizing strategy (student hardly will master the structure) Brazil ss “the struct and literature but poor

pronunciation , limited vocabulary and lacking awareness of the culture”

ACQUISITION & LEARNING

Acquisition: It refers to the

spontaneous, unconscious and incidental process of internalization that result from natural language use

Learning: to acquire the knowledge

of something through the conscious and formal study

Suggestions for Teachers

Should not focus on grammar at any age due to the

fact that grammar will take care of itself. (holistic & analytical )

Focus on developing the communicative competence

Through: reading,vocabulary, writing and speaking

Reading pedictable books, thematic unit (actv tense to groups)

Grammar should be within the context

Age and Effeciency of ACQ & L/ING

o Researh & experience = the lower the age the easier, faster and more complete. o The same for foreign lg .o The age is a factor of effecient acquisition over learning

o Learning is more effective in intellectual maturity

DIFFERENCES

Innate Exposed all the

time No emotional

barrier Natural motivation No interlanguage

Learned Not used all the

time Might be

emotional barrier Less motivation Reliance on L1

First Language Second Language

FIRST, SECOND AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE

Concern on children’s learning The main charateristics of Foreign lg

Learning

Age 5 READING

L1 incompletely developed

Age 5-6 Literacy skill is on process SPEAKING & WRITING

Age 7 Narrative & Extended discourseReference to characters

Age 11& 15

(not fully developed)Relative Clauses & pron Logical understandingCo-ordinators language

Linguistic Domains (P,M,S,L, conversation & discourse) largely independent

Child’s early

experience(family) Narative &

discourse Vocabulary

Teacher Consider: Childrens’

individual differences and lg strengths

LEARNING A SECOND LANGUAGE Children learn faster than adults. (Hypothesis)

Critical Period Hypothesis Children learning is more effectively before

puberty (mechanisim assited the L1)

Lightbown & Spada (1999) Against the Hypothesis Factor needs

Motivation native- profiency SL Context communicative-goal FL

Bates & Whinney(1989) Explain how L1 learning affects L2

&FL L1 Reliable or Unreliable

Babies (particular cues) transfer to SL

Learning the whole & the parts

7-8 age. Sound and rythm 12-14 age. Word order

AGE AND LANGUAGE FIRST

Who has less prolonged attention? How would a lesson influence a childs lg

development? Does conversation develop

independently from extended discourse? How can our L1 affect language

learning?

ADVANTAGES TO STARTING YOUNG WITH FOREIGN LG

ADVANTAGES Early starters develop & maintain SOME

areas fo the lg skill Listening comprehension pronunciation Language development

DISAVANTAGES grammar slower Cognitive development

THANK YOU

See you next Monday do not forget

to study and read for… QUIZZZZZZZZ

References

Wallace,J.(1991) Training Foreign Language Teachers. Cambridge University Press

Judie Hayde (2005). EverythingSAL.net

Schutz R (2012)Acquisition and learning. Principals of language tecahing by Krashen